Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are hazardous highly toxic pollutants that cause a number of environmental and human health problems. They are released during a wide range of industrial, transportation and commercial activities and their emissions have reached high levels. This book provides a review of the occurrence, behavior and ecological implications of VOCs. Chapter One evaluates the biogeneration of volatile organic compounds produced by microalgae. Chapter Two investigates VOC pollution from industrial complexes and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Chapter Three illustrates the current knowledge of intra- and inter- organismal Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs)-based interactions, volatile perception, signal transduction and phenotypical responses in the receiver organisms. Chapter Four summarises the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of emissions from gasoline powered vehicles on historical ambient VOC concentration trends, and on the current ambient urban atmosphere of the South Coast Air Basin. Chapter Five discusses the oxidation of VOCs over cyptomelane catalysts. Chapter Six studies VOCs from truffles and false truffles from Basilicata in Southern Italy. Chapter Seven discusses the removal of VOCs in the air by total catalytic oxidation promoted by catalysts.

As sustainable development takes on an increasingly crucial role and governments adopt measures to mandate reduced carbon emissions, finding innovative means to render supply chains more eco-friendly represents a key goal in various industries. This book beings by focusing on CO2 emissions in a supply chain due to freight energy use and storage. It then continues to discuss a new perspective to graph-based total carbon footprint assessment of non-marginal technology-driven projects, and computational methods for estimation of life cycle carbon footprints of buildings.

Lake Tahoe lies in the centre of the Basin, and receives flows of melting water from snow caps of the surrounding mountain peaks. The Tahoe Basin contains wetlands, swamps, deep-water habitats, aspen stands, conifer forests, and meadows which harbour over 1,300 species of plants and animals. Environmental problems in the Tahoe Basin have led to federal, state, local, and private investments in ecosystem restoration. This book elaborates on the management and restoration activities in the Lake Tahoe Basin. It also discusses restoration of several other ecosystems that include the Salton Sea in California, the Great Lakes, and the Everglades in Florida.

La Rana Dinero Aprende a Ahorrar Energia es un libro divertido y educativo sobre la conservacion de energia. Poppi, la rana le ensena a Dinero acerca de la energia, de donde viene, como se utiliza, y lo que podemos hacer para ahorrar energia y reducir la contaminacion de nuestro planeta.

"Monitoring Water Quality" is a practical assessment of one of the most pressing growth and sustainability issues in the developed and developing worlds: water quality. Over the last 10 years, improved laboratory techniques have led to the discovery of microbial and viral contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors in our fresh water supplies that were not monitored previously.

This book offers in-depth coverage of water quality issues (natural and human-related), monitoring of contaminants, and remediation of water contamination. In particular, readers will learn about arsenic removal techniques, real-time monitoring, and risk assessment. "Monitoring Water Quality" is a vital text for students and professionals in environmental science, civil engineering, chemistry - anyone concerned with issues of water analysis and sustainability assessment.
Covers in depth the scope of sustainable water problems on a worldwide scaleProvides a rich source of sophisticated methods for analyzing water to assure its safetyDescribes the monitoring of contaminants, including pharmaceutical and endocrine disruptorsHelps to quickly identify the sources and fates of contaminants and sources of pollutants and their loading"

There is nothing more devastating to baseless opinions than good numbers. Air Contaminants, Ventilation, and Industrial Hygiene Economics: The Practitioner's Toolbox and Desktop Handbook helps you obtain "good numbers" on your quest to squash shabby opinions with sound advice. It details real-world applications of good numbers to foster improvements in industrial hygiene, preventing inhalation toxicity and promoting better environmental air quality. Divided into four parts, the book includes: Tips on preparing for the board certification examinations for Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), Certified Safety Professional (CSP), Certified Hazardous Materials Manager (CHMM), and Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT) 726 solved problems in industrial hygiene, ventilation, occupational-environmental toxicology, occupational health risk management, and chemical safety engineering 154 economic persuasion techniques based on actual case studies to help feather one's career bed and assist installation of industrial hygiene control methods Tips and guiding principles for professional career development This book provides industrial hygienists with a reference containing the equations, conversions, and formulas they encounter in their day-to-day duties. A study aid to those taking the certification exams (CIH, CSP, CHMM, and DABT), it also includes business economic case studies demonstrating how to preserve your clients' financial resources, promote industrial hygiene, foster worksite safety, learn the financial ropes of business economics, and help control your clients' potential adverse environmental impact and, in so doing, greatly enhance career progress.

This book presents important research advances in the study of air pollution, as well as traffic-related air pollution, the national air quality and the role of ship emissions in air pollution. Topics discussed herein include traffic benzene pollution in Bangkok; organic pollutants in urban air; development of forecasting models for predicting hourly ozone concentrations; traffic-related air pollution; snowmobile pollution in North America; hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines; air quality standards; air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from ships; and emission control area proposals.

Despite the large research effort in both public and commercial companies, no textbook has yet been written on this subject. This book aims to provide an overview to the topic of Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS), while at the same time focusing on the dominant processes and the mathematical and numerical methods that need to be employed in order to analyze the relevant systems. The book clearly states the carbon problem and the role of CCS and carbon storage. Thereafter, it provides an introduction to single phase and multi-phase flow in porous media, including some of the most common mathematical analysis and an overview of numerical methods for the equations. A considerable part of the book discusses the appropriate scales of modeling, and how to formulate consistent governing equations at these scales. The book also illustrates real world data sets and how the ideas in the book can be exploited through combinations of analytical and numerical approaches.

Ecological revitalisation refers to the process of returning land from a contaminated site to one that supports a functioning and sustainable habitat. Although the final decision on how a property is reused is inherently a local decision that often rests with the property owner, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency actively supports and encourages ecological revitalisation, when appropriate, during and after the assessment and cleanup of contaminated properties under its cleanup programs. This book provides an overview of the EPA's cleanup programs and resources available to support ecological revitalisation and addresses technical considerations to help cleanup project managers and other stakeholders carry out ecological revitalisation at contaminated properties.

In the last few years, the concern about pollutants present in indoor environments has greatly increased since in developed countries people spend large amounts of time indoors. The markedly growing consumption of cosmetics, air fresheners, house-cleaners, biocides, as well as the increase in the use of new building materials in carpeting, paints, furnishings, etc, may turn our homes, schools, offices and workplaces into harmful microenvironments. Inadequate ventilation coupled with the slow indoor degradation processes may increase indoor pollution levels. This book presents methodological developments for the analysis of pollutants in indoor air, focusing the attention on emerging contaminants and biocides that can be found both in the air gas phase, as well as associated to the suspended particulate matter and settled dust.

Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. It is in North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is most well known, with many countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem; this however may well be just the tip of the iceberg with developing countries very likely to be the next generation of new soil contamination cases. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field.

As part of its mission to protect human health and the environment, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) enforcement office maintains civil and criminal enforcement programs to help enforce the requirements of major federal environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs work with the Department of Justice (DOJ), and in some cases States, to take legal actions to bring polluters into compliance with federal laws. While civil enforcement actions require polluters to pay penalties and take other corrective actions, criminal enforcement actions may also include imprisonment. EPA estimates that these efforts achieved commitments to reduce 3.9 billion pounds of pollutants in the environment, primarily from air and water. EPA also assessed more than $195 million in civil and criminal fines and restitution during FY2008. Nevertheless, non-compliance with federal pollution control laws remains a continuing concern. This book focuses on the EPA's vow to pursue civil and criminal violations of environmental laws. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Pollution is the release of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive contaminants to the environment. Principal forms of pollution include: air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Water pollution affects oceans and inland bodies of water. Examples include organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and the depletion of dissolved oxygen. Soil contamination often occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Contaminants include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Often occurs with water pollution, thanks to surface runoff and groundwater. Radioactive contamination was added in the wake of 20th-century discoveries in atomic physics. Noise pollution encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, highway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of junk or municipal solid waste. The nature, distribution and ecological effects of all types and forms of pollutants in air, soil and water are the subject of this book.

With the prospect of new layers of complexity being added to air pollution controls, and with electricity restructuring putting a premium on economic efficiency, interest is being expressed in finding mechanisms to achieve health and environmental goals in simpler, more cost-effective ways. The electric utility industry is a major source of air pollution, particularly sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg), as well as unregulated greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). At issue is whether a new approach to environmental protection could achieve the nation's air quality goals more cost-effectively than the current system. One approach being proposed is a "multi-pollutant" strategy - a framework based on a consistent set of emissions caps, implemented through emissions trading. Just how the proposed approach would fit with the current (and proposed) diverse regulatory regimes remains to be worked out; they might be replaced to the greatest extent feasible, or they might be overlaid by the framework of emissions caps. This book summarises the most recent evaluation of the status and trends in our nation's air quality. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

As pollution from cars, trucks, and land-based stationary sources has been more tightly controlled over the last 40 years, the contribution of ships and port operations to air pollution in port cities has become more important. In the same period, foreign trade has grown dramatically; thus, pollution from shipping and port operations would be growing as a percentage of total emissions, even if the emissions were regulated to the same degree as other sectors. This book provides information regarding pollution from ships and port facilities and discusses some of the measures being implemented and considered by local, state, and federal regulatory agencies. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Industrial pollution occurs when the waste from industries are directly dumped into surrounding water bodies and open lands which causes various types of pollution. The related economic and health costs and effects are constantly increasing and constantly being evaluated. This book presents recent research in the field.

Unique problem-and-solution approach for quickly mastering a broad range of calculations

This book's problem-and-solution approach enables readers to quickly grasp the fundamentals of air pollution control equipment and essential applications. Moreover, the author sets forth solid principles for the design and selection of air pollution control equipment as well as for its efficient operation and maintenance. Readers gain a deep understanding of both the equipment itself and the many factors affecting performance.

Following two introductory chapters, the book dedicates four chapters to examining control equipment for gaseous pollutants, including adsorption, absorption, and incineration equipment. The remaining six chapters deal with equipment for managing airborne particulate pollutants, including gravity settlers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and baghouses. The appendix contains discussions of hybrid systems, the SI system (including conversion constants), and a cost-equipment model.

Each chapter offers a short introduction to the control device discussed. Next, progressively more difficult problems with accompanying solutions enable readers to build their knowledge as they advance through the chapter. Problems reflect the most recent developments in pollution control and include a variety of performance equations and operation and maintenance calculations. Each problem includes a statement of the problem, the data used to solve the problem, and a detailed solution. Readers may further hone their skills by visiting the text's Web site for additional problems and solutions.

This publication serves both as a textbook for engineering students and as a reference for engineers and technicians who need to ensure that air pollution control equipment operates efficiently and enables their facility to meet all air pollution control standards and regulations.

Contents:
Section 1: Strategies: Now and in the Future 1) Application of Advanced Technology to Meet Worldwide Environmental Regulations J.M. Rackley and J.B. Kitto 2) Criteria and Alternatives for Development of Coal-Based Electricity Generation Technologies E. Menéndez Perez Section 2: Gas Combustion 3) Low NO^Ox Burners for Boilers, Furnaces and Gas Turbines; Drive Towards the Lower Bounds of NO^Ox Emissions J.M. BeéR 4) The Effects of CH3CL and CH2CL2 Addition on a Low-Pressure Stoichiometric CH4/O2/N2 Premixed Laminar Flat Flame Experimental and Modeling Studies D. Surdyk, P. Devynck, B. Crunelle, A. Turbiez, P. Desgroux, J.F. Pauwels and L.R. Sochet 5) Combustion Process of Natural Gas in a Rapid Compression Combustor T. Kadota, T. Mizobuchi, K. Kataoka, D. Segawa and N. Fukatani 6) NO^Ox Formation in Counter-Flow Opposed-Jet Diffusion CH4/Air Flames S. Bonturi, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams, G. Oskam and C. Wilson 7) Modelling of NO^Ox Formation in Turbulent H2 Diffusion Flames M. Schlatter and M. Flury 8) Low NO^Ox Blue Flame Coanda Burner P. O'Nions and M.M. Vahdati 9) Presumed PDF for Modelling of NO Formation in Methane Combustion A. Oksanen and E. Maki-Mantila 10) The Influence of the Temperature Fluctuations Variance on NO Predictions for a Gas Flame A. Beretta, N. Mancini, F. Podenzani and L. Vigevano 11) Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a NO^Ox Post Processor in Predicting the Performance of Natural Gas Fired Cyclone and Swirl Combustors M. Ilabas, T. O'doherty, P. Bowen and N. Syred 12) A Non-Orthogonal Combustion Model for Natural Gas Flames J.P. Jessee and W.A. Fiveland 13) Conversion of Power Station Combustor from Coal to Gas Firing G. Lazopoulos, F.C. Lockwood and J. De Dios Rivera Section 3: Oil Combustion 14) Numerical Simulation of the Oil Combustion Process in a 100 KW Serially Produced Low NO^Ox Combustion System H. Dreher, J. Gass, P. Suter, B. Mischler, P. Radi, B. Lehmann and M. Ochs 15) NO^Ox Emission Rates from Oxy-Fuel Oil Flames F.D.A. Sousa, R. Vergnhanini FIlho and W.T. Kobayashi 16) Optimization of Fuel Prevaporization on Porous Surfaces for Low-NO^Ox-Combustion M. Brandauer, A. Schulz and S. Wittig 17) Cleaner Combustion with Water-in-Fuel Emulsion M.A.A. Nazha, H. Rajakaruna, R.J. Crookes and F, Kiannejad 18) Parametric Investigation of Extraction of El-Lajjun Oil Shale M.Z. Anabtawi and B.Z. Uysal 19) Emission Studies on Combustion of Gasolines in Low Pressure Premixed Laminar Flames J.R. Pedersen, J. Wallman, M.R. Nosrani and J.O. Olsson 20) Influence of Oxidant Excess on the Emission Rates of Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Material from Power Boilers Burning Ultra-Viscous Oils R.Vergnhanini Filho, F. Furnari and F.D.A. Sousa Section 4: Coal Combustion: 21) Emission from Slow Pyrolysis of Solid Fuels Studied by GC/MS in a Miniature Reactor J.R. Pedersen, K. Stromberg and J.O. Olsson 22) Sulfation Propensity of Coal Ashes and Instability of Calcium and Magnesium Sulfates at High Temperatures J.W. Nowok, J.P. Hurley and S.A. Benson 23) Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of Chars Under Elevated Pressure in a Mixture of O2 and CO2 E. Croiset, C. Heurtebise, J.P. Rouan and J.R. RIchard 24) Hydrogen Peroxide Injection - A Novel Technology for Multiple Air Pollutant Emissions Removal ^V.M. Zamansky, L. Ho, P.M. Mally and W.R. Seeker 25) Influence of the Stoichiometric Ratio in the Reburning Zone on the Concentration of Different Species R. Bilbao, M. U. Alzueta and A. Millera 26) Pyrolysis Gas of Biomass and Coal as a NO^Ox Reductive in a Coal Fired Test Facility H. Rudiger, U. Greul, H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 27) Influence of Operational Parameters on the Results of Reburning in Coal Combustion J.M. Ballester, N. Fueyo, C. Dopazo, M. Hernández and P.J. Vidal 28) A Fast-Chemistry Model for Coal-Gas Reburning L. Vigevano 29) Scale-up Procedure from Pilot Plant Tests to Full-Size Power Plant Results: Experimentation vs. Mathemstical Modelling A. Antifora, M. Sala and L. Vigevano 30) Effect of Scale on Combustion and NO^Ox Formation Characteristics in Coal-Fired Furnances J.Charoensnuk and F.C. Lockwood 31) Studies and Development of Non-Slagging Cyclone Coal Combustors in China L.X. Zhou, W.Y. Lin, R.X. Li, X.L. Wang, Q.C. Yuan, B. Zhou, Z.G. Hu and R.L. Zeng 32) Numerical Simulation of Advanced Coal-Fired Combustion Systems with In-Furnace NO^Ox Control Technologies U. Schnell, R. Schneider, H.C. Magel, B. Risio, J. Lepper and K.R.G. Hein 33) A Two-Fluid Model for Simulating Turbulent Gas-Particle Flows, Coal Combustion and NO^Ox Formation in an Oxygen-Coal Combustor Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Lin and L.X. Zhou 34) A Computationally Economical Simulation of Small Particle Deposition in a Turbulent Duct Flow F.C. Lockwood, M. Nasrullah and S.A.L. Perera 35) The Use of Thermodynamic Computation Packages to Predict the Formation of Organic Species During the Utilisation of Coal D. Thompson Section 5: Wood Combustion: 36) Combined Combustion of Coal and Biomass in Pulverized Fuel and Fluidized Bed Systems H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 37) Using Upper and Lower Control Limits to Regulate Hazardous Air Emissions from Wood-Fired Boilers A.J. Hubbard and R.A. Fritz 38) Study of a Biomass Cyclone Combustor (Numerical and Experimental Results) I. Gulyurtlu, M.N. Nina, J. Nunes and T. Trindade Section 6: Combustion of Alternative Fuels: 39) Techno-EconomicComparision of Different Processes for Fuel Production Based on Sewage Sludge F. Sowa 40) Briquettes for Pollution Control for Residential and Small Industrial Sources W. Jozewicz and D. Natschke 41) Burning Rubber: The Controlling Surface Process of Polybutadiene Under Combustion-Like Conditions T.B. Brill and H. Arisawa Section 7: Co-Combustion and Co-Gasification: 42) Biomass Co-Combustion for the Pollutant Control in Pulverized Coal Units V. Siegle, A. Kicherer, H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 43) Co-Combustion of Biomass and Coal in a Pressurized Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor J. Andries, R.J. Vegelin, C.M. Verloop and K.R.G. Hein 44) The Co-Firing of Pulverized Bituminous Coals with Straw, Waste Paper, and Manicipal Sewage Sludge W.L. Van De Kamp and D.J. Morgan 45) Combined Gasification of Coal and Straw M. Msdsen and E. Christensen 46) Coal/Biomass Co-gasification and High Temperature Gas Cleaning J.H.A. Kiel, A. Bos, H. Den Uil and J.M. Plaum Section 8: Catalytic Combustion: 47) Catalytic Combustion: New Cataysts for New Technologies D. Klvana, J. Chaouki, C. Guy and J. Kirchnerova 48) ZrO2-Based Catalysts in Methane Oxidation with Minimum NO^Ox Production V.A. Self, P.A. Sermon, Y. Sun, J.L. Scott-Scott, S. Ashead'Farey and N. Hughes 49) Fe-Cr-Al Alloy Monolithic Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Alkane Fuels M. Akhtar, P. Kumarasamy, V.A. Self, P.A. Sermon, M.S.W. Vong, M.A. Martin-Luengo and M. Yates 50) The Development of a Catalytic Combustor for Natural Gas T.J. Foster, M. Pourkashanian, H.P.A. Singh and A. Williams Section 9: NO, SO, Soot Fundamentals: 51) Kinetic Behaviour of Desulfurization Processes at Medium Temperature (350^ToC) Using Calcium Hydroxide I. Fernández, J.R. Viguri and J.A. Irabien 52) Catalytic Combustion of Methane Soot P. Ciambelli, M. D'amore, V. Palma and S. Vaccaro 53) Carbonization Rate of Soot Precursor Particles R.A. Dobbins, G.J. Govatzidakis, W. Lu, A.Schwartzman and R.A. Fletcher 54) Formation of NO in One- and Two-Dimensional Laminar Premixed Methane Air Almes Using Complex Reaction Schemes R.l.G.M. Eggels and L.P.H. De Goey 55) On the Construction of Reduced Mechanisms - A Two Step Global Mechanism for Wet CO Flames Y. Katsabanis and D.A. Goussis 56) Numerical Simulation of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of NO in Exhaust Gas with Urea Particle Y. Morozumi, H. Aoki and T. Miura Section 10: Advanced Diagnostics: 57) 2D-Laser Temperature and NO Concentration Measurements in a DOmestic Natural Gas Burner A. Braumer, M. Decker, S. Ro, V. Sick, and J. Wolfrum 58) Pyrometric Particle Temperature Measurements in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor T. Joutsenoja, J. Stenberg and R. Hernberg 59) A New Sensor System for Industrial Combustion Monitoring and Control Using UV Emission Spectroscopy and Tomography R. Obertacke, H. Wintrich, F. Wintrich and A. Leipertz Section 11: Burners: 60) Heat-Recirculating Burners: Principles and Some Recent Developments F.J. Weinberg 61) Performance and Influence of Air-Staing on a Direct Fired Integral Bed Regenerative Burner L.M. Dearden, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams and B.J. Wills 62) NO Emission of Ceramic Foam Surface Gas Burners in the Radiant Mode P.H. Bouma, R.L.G.M Eggles and L.P.H. De Goey 63) Combustion in a Porous Medium - Advances and Applications D. Trimis and F. Durst 64) Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Fired Domestic Boilers and Space Heaters V. Dupont, A. Richardson and A. Williams 65) Low NO^Ox Natural Gas Burner for Domestic and Semi-Industrial Appliances: Investigation on an Advanced Purely Aerodynamic NO^Ox Reduction Technology A. Coghe, G. Zizak, G. Solero, E. Sebastiani and M. Beghi 66) Combustion Modeling of Coal-Fired, Aerodynamically Air-Staged Burners K.C. Kaufman and W.A. Fiveland 67) Prediction of NO Emissions from a Swirling Coal Flame O. Faltsi-Saravelou and P.N. Wild 68) Optimization of a Pulverized Brown Coal Burner T. Matern, W. Derichs, T. Tippkotter and E. Kakaras Section 12: Fluidised Bed Combustion: 69) The Use of Thermodynamic Computation Packages to Predict the Reactions Occuring During Combustion and Gasification in Fluidised Beds D. Thompson and B.B. Argent 70) Modelling of Desulfurization Behaviour in Circulating Fluidized Beds (CFB) M. Haider, A. Werner, M. Praxmarer and W. Linzer 71) On the Three-Dimensional Simulation of Circulating Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustors K. Fischer, R. Leithner, H. Muller and S. Vockrodt 72) Fluidized Bed Combustion of Gaseous Fuels S. Kandefer and M. Pilawska 73) Biomass Fluidized Bed Devolatilization and Gasification Research in the State University of Campinas C.G. Sánchez and E.S. Lora Section 13: Incineration: 74) Compact Waste Incinerator Based on Vortex Combustion E.J. Gutmark, T.P. Parr, K.J. Wilson, K.H. Yu, R.A. Smith, D.M. Hanson-Parr and K.C. Schadow 75) Waste Incineration Plant Modeling Using a Parellelized Domain Decomposition Methid with Locally Refined Subgrids S. Wirtz, A. Reischke, O. Heil and H. Kremer 76) Expolsive Incineration in a Fluidised Bed A. Pires and J. Campos 77) Feasibility of Catalytic Incineration for Coatig Industries S. Vigneron, P. Deprelle and J. Hermia 78) Fly Ash as Sorbent for Adsorption of Mercuric Chloride D. Karatza, A. Lancia, D. Musmarra and F. Pepe 79) The Effects of Extraneous Metal Oxides and Chlorides of the Partitioning of Toxic Metals in the Flames of a Pulverised Waste Fuel T. Abbas, S. Godoy, S. Hassan and F.C. Lockwood 80) Numerical Modelling of an Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator T. Aoki, S. Nakamura, T. Matsudaira, T. Akashi, H. Tsuboi and T. Yokoyama Section 14: Engines: 81) Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles; Regulations and Methods of Fulfilment C. Arcoumanis and J.H. Whitelaw 82) Diesel Engine Drive Using an Oxygen-Enricher K. Terao 83) Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Dual-Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine D. Cipolat 84) Combustion Bomb Experiments for Natural Gas-Diesel Oil Combustion NEar the Ignition Limits B. Hu, B.E. Milton and V. Krepl Section 15: Advanced Cycles: 85) The Pressurised Gasifier in the Air BLown Gasification Cycle G.B. Welford and A.R. Marshall 86) A Comparision of Electricity Generation from Combustion and IGCC Plants Using Wood Feedstock D. McIlveen-Wright, P.E. Sloan, B.C. Williams and J.T. McMullan Section 16: Gas Clean Up: 87) What Overall Nitrogen Kinetics Can Teach Us about Optimizing Catalytic NO Abatement Reactors G. De Soete 88) NO^Ox-Reduction in Diesel Exhaust Gas with Urea and Selective Catalytic Reduction M. Koebel, M. Elsener and T. Marti 89) Abatement of SO2 and NO^Ox From Gas Streams by Using Activated Carbon A. Pérez-Florindo, A. Macías-García and V. Gómez-Serrano 90) Transfering Mechanisms in the Desulphurization of Flue Gas by Seawater A. Arce, A. Baalińa, E. Rodriguez, J.A. Santaballa and L. Castellanos Section 17: Control Strategy: 91) Power Plant Boiler Expert System N.H. Afgan, M.G. Caravalho, P.J. Coelho and N. MArtins 92) The Application of Life Cycle Assessment as an Enviromental Decision Making Tool in the Power Sector A. Doig and J. Ellison 93) An Automatic Control System for Clean Coal Combustion on a Chain-Grate Stoker P.F. MacConnell, D. Neuffer, D.H. Owens and M.A. Patrick 94) An Alternative Approach to the Control of Industrial Combustors M.C. Vara-Munos, K.J. Young and J. Swithenbank Section 18: Clean Combustion in Process Industries 95) Numerical Study of Petroleum CVoke Fired Cement Kiln Flames F.C. Lockwood, B. Shen and T. Lowes 96) Pilkington "3R" Technology for NO^Ox Control in Glass Furnaces R. Quirk and S. Slade 97) Low-NO^Ox Combustion Techniques for Glass Meltin Furnaces M. Flamme, J. Haep and H. Kremer 98) Environment Changes Using Pulverized Coal Instead of Certain Coker Share for Ironmaking S.L. Yaroshevsky, A.I. Babich, V.P. Tereshchenko and V.A. Nozdrachyov _

The definitive resource for information on air pollution emission sources and the technology available to control them.

The Air Pollution Engineering Manual has long been recognized as an important source of information on air pollution control issues for industries affected by the Clean Air Act and regulations in other countries. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest emission factors and control measures for reducing air pollutants, this new edition provides industry and government professionals with the fundamental, technological, and regulatory information they need for compliance with the most recent air pollution standards. Contributing experts from diverse fields discuss the different processes that generate air pollution, equipment used with all types of gases and particulate matter, and emissions control for areas ranging from graphic arts and chemical processes to the metallurgical industry. More than 500 detailed flowcharts and photographs as well as an extensive listing of Internet resources accompany coverage of:
* Biological air pollution control, including biofilters and bioscrubbers
* Emissions from wood processing, brick and ceramic product manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, numerous other industrial processes, fugitive emissions, internal combustion sources, and evaporative losses
* Water/wastewater treatment plant emissions
* Changes in emission factors for each source category, including particle size factors related to PM10 and PM2.5 standards
* Updated MACT regulations and technologies
* And much more

THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION is the world's leading membership organization for environmental professionals. The Association enhances the knowledge and competency of environmental professionals by providing a neutral forum for technology exchange, professional development, networking opportunities, public education, and outreach events. The Air & Waste Management Association promotes global environmental responsibility and increases the effectiveness of organizations and individuals in making critical decisions that benefit society.

This book documents CCPS's Aerosol Research Program to develop a model to predict liquid rainout from release of a pressurized, liquefied gas--and, hence the residual amount of material in a vapor cloud, which may be greater than the amount calculated from an enthalpy chart. RELEASE predicts the rate of fluid discharge, the depressurization, flashing and formation of liquid drops, the entrainment of drops into the vapor cloud, the subsequent spreading of the jet, and rate of liquid rainout to a pool on the ground. Designed in a modular fashion to permit adjustment and corrections as new data become available, its multi-layered approach contains sub-models that include the complexities of many variables, including the effect of liquid superheat, rate of bubble growth, criterion for bubble formation, and heat transfer from the liquid to the growing vapor bubble. To validate RELEASE, CCPS conducted small- and large-scale experiments using superheated water, heated liquefied chlorine, methylamine, and cyclohexane that produced valuable data in an area where data are scarce. This book gives complete access, in text and on CD-ROM, to the model and the test data, giving users an informed ability to apply the model to their own work.

Interest in solid and hazardous waste management is relatively recent, i.e., in the last three decades, and is driven by regulations in most countries. It began with industrial hazardous waste followed by municipal solid waste, and subsequently by many other categories of waste. This book presents numerous examples and case studies of innovative tools, treatment methods and applications in this growing area of research and development. It describes in detail laboratory methods of measuring the biodegradation of specific organic fractions, like floral waste, and also discusses the treatment of yard and food waste by anaerobic digestion and landfill leachate using constructed wetlands. Case studies are provided that show how remote sensing (RS) and GIS were used to develop an integrated solid waste management plan for a city and to evaluate the environmental impacts of stone quarrying activities. The book also features chapters discussing the implications of natural radioactivity in beach placers and their impact on groundwater and other parts of the environment, as well as the twelve principles of green chemistry and their application in the reuse and recycling of solid waste. Moreover, it includes examples of waste to energy, like refuse derived fuel and biofuel generation and an evaluation of their potential, and covers topics such as life cycle assessment as a tool for developing integrated solid waste management systems and an overview of municipal solid waste management rules, illustrating the importance of technological inputs in the development of regulatory frameworks. Written by leading practitioners and scholars in the field, the book enables readers to understand and apply these principles and practices in their endeavours.

Containment and permeable reactive barriers have come full circle as an acceptable environmental control technology during the past 30 years. As interest shifted back toward containment in the 1990s, the industry found itself relying largely on pre-1980s technology. Fortunately, in the past 10 years important advances have occurred in several areas of containment, most notably in the area of permeable barriers. A balanced presentation of what is known and not known, Barrier Systems for Contaminant Containment and Environmental Treatment provides a comprehensive report on the current state of the science and technology of waste containment. Comprehensive and easily read, this book is rich with discussions and references to literature. Setting the stage for how contaminants can get into the subsurface, the authors describe pathways and introduce the essential concepts of risk. They provide details on the current state of the art for performance prediction and clearly delineate the limitations in modeling specific situations. The book addresses the materials used in barriers, defines their properties, and explores how they perform in the field. It describes available technologies and addresses their applications to various types of barriers. Tackling perhaps the most challenging aspect of waste containment technology, the book includes two case studies that demonstrate the value of validating field performance. Subsurface containment and treatment barriers will continue to be a widely used environmental control technology in the years ahead. Representing the collective knowledge and efforts of leading experts from research, industry, and regulatory agencies, this book provides a valuablereference that helps to chart the way to successfully managing many contaminated sites.

While innovative technologies in remediation need to be developed, so do innovative ways of site assessment. This monograph describes the development, testing, and performance of a new laser-induced fluorescence soil probe. A screening tool for site characterization, this probe has the potential to provide an economical, rapid assessment of contaminated sites. Cone Penetrometer testing equipment advances the probe into the subsurface. The probe identifies hydrocarbon classes using a multi-channel excitation-emission matrix. This technique facilitates the collection of significant amounts of subsurface information - surpassing conventional data collection methods - that can be used to rapidly identify areas of concern beneath a site. The technology has significant application for the following: Rapid environmental site assessment Monitoring remediation programs Monitoring manufacturing processes and industrial waste water operations Subsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence provides comprehensive reference material for researchers and engineers as well as engineering consultants interested in subsurface monitoring techniques or further development of this technology. It describes innovative technology that focuses on finding cost effective solutions for site assessment and remediation.

Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation addresses the increasingly important topic of waste treatment. Focusing on microbiological degradation of contaminants, it offers a representative picture of the current status of environmental biotechnology and lays a solid foundation of the methods and applications of bioremediation. The expert presentations of case studies in this new book demonstrate successful treatment schemes and technologies meeting regulatory standards. These case studies represent an international cross-section of strategies for developing and implementing the evolving technologies of bioremediation. Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation examines the primary waste streams, including air, water, soils, and sediments, and explores specific treatment methodologies for industrial and environmental contaminants. This broad and unique coverage allows treatment firms and regulatory authorities to determine and develop appropriate treatment strategies for site-specific problems of waste remediation. The observations and successful field applications compiled in Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation make it an excellent reference for understanding, evaluating, developing, and operating efficient and cost-effective full-scale treatment systems.