The first concerns that come to mind in relation to pollution from road vehicles are direct emissions of carbon dioxide and toxic air pollutants. These are, of course, important but the impacts of road traffic are altogether more substantial. This volume of the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series takes a broader view of the effects on the environment and human health, excluding only injury due to road traffic accidents. By looking across the environmental media, air, water and soil, and taking account also of noise pollution, the volume addresses far more than the conventional atmospheric issues. More importantly, however, it examines present and future vehicle technologies, the implications of more extensive use of batteries in electric vehicles and the consequences of recycling vehicles at the end of use. Finally, examples of life-cycle analysis as applied to road vehicles are reviewed. This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information for students studying pollution, and for policy-makers concerned with vehicle emissions and road traffic impacts more generally.

Stable isotope techniques can help identify the sources of water pollution associated with agricultural activities. Knowing the origin of nutrients or contaminants is essential to improve agricultural practices. To ensure the quality of stable isotope analysis, appropriate sampling and sample preparation are crucial. This publication presents methods for surface water sampling and sample processing through micro-diffusion and bacterial denitrification combined with laser spectroscopy. Information on such methods is often described in a very summarized and non-comprehensive way without proper illustration of every step. This publication aims to bridge this gap for scientists, technicians and students. It presents a selection of standard operating procedures providing guidance in water sampling and sample preparation that are mandatory when conducting reliable isotope analysis on water.

La Rana Dinero Aprende a Ahorrar Energia es un libro divertido y educativo sobre la conservacion de energia. Poppi, la rana le ensena a Dinero acerca de la energia, de donde viene, como se utiliza, y lo que podemos hacer para ahorrar energia y reducir la contaminacion de nuestro planeta.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The definitive guide to petroleum hydrocarbon fuel spill and leak causes, prevention, response, and cost recoveryOil Spills and Gas Leaks highlights the complex nature of petroleum hydrocarbon fuel extraction methods, the unintended consequences when disasters occur, spill behavior, and environmental impact mitigation. This practical resource discusses engineering techniques; long-term biological and environmental effects; dealing with insurance claims, litigation, and legislation in overlapping jurisdictions; and much more. Featuring global case studies and best practices, this timely volumeprovides an in-depth understanding of how oil spills and gas leaks occur and describes the most effective environmental assessment, remediation, and restoration options available to respond to these industrial accidents. COVERAGE INCLUDES: The role of petroleum hydrocarbon fuels in society Geology and geochemistry of oil and gas deposits Oil and gas well drilling and production issues Behavior of oil spills in various environments Behavior of gas leaks in various environments Assessment of spills and leaks Toxicity issues and exposure pathways Subsurface investigations Sampling strategies and remedial approaches Sampling methods on land and offshore Prevention, oversight, and mitigation Remediation of oil spills Case histories and cost recovery Oil spills and wildlife Oil spills and safety issues Conclusions and recommendations

There is nothing more devastating to baseless opinions than good numbers. Air Contaminants, Ventilation, and Industrial Hygiene Economics: The Practitioner's Toolbox and Desktop Handbook helps you obtain "good numbers" on your quest to squash shabby opinions with sound advice. It details real-world applications of good numbers to foster improvements in industrial hygiene, preventing inhalation toxicity and promoting better environmental air quality. Divided into four parts, the book includes: Tips on preparing for the board certification examinations for Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), Certified Safety Professional (CSP), Certified Hazardous Materials Manager (CHMM), and Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (DABT) 726 solved problems in industrial hygiene, ventilation, occupational-environmental toxicology, occupational health risk management, and chemical safety engineering 154 economic persuasion techniques based on actual case studies to help feather one's career bed and assist installation of industrial hygiene control methods Tips and guiding principles for professional career development This book provides industrial hygienists with a reference containing the equations, conversions, and formulas they encounter in their day-to-day duties. A study aid to those taking the certification exams (CIH, CSP, CHMM, and DABT), it also includes business economic case studies demonstrating how to preserve your clients' financial resources, promote industrial hygiene, foster worksite safety, learn the financial ropes of business economics, and help control your clients' potential adverse environmental impact and, in so doing, greatly enhance career progress.

Despite the large research effort in both public and commercial companies, no textbook has yet been written on this subject. This book aims to provide an overview to the topic of Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS), while at the same time focusing on the dominant processes and the mathematical and numerical methods that need to be employed in order to analyze the relevant systems. The book clearly states the carbon problem and the role of CCS and carbon storage. Thereafter, it provides an introduction to single phase and multi-phase flow in porous media, including some of the most common mathematical analysis and an overview of numerical methods for the equations. A considerable part of the book discusses the appropriate scales of modeling, and how to formulate consistent governing equations at these scales. The book also illustrates real world data sets and how the ideas in the book can be exploited through combinations of analytical and numerical approaches.

Unique problem-and-solution approach for quickly mastering a broad range of calculations

This book's problem-and-solution approach enables readers to quickly grasp the fundamentals of air pollution control equipment and essential applications. Moreover, the author sets forth solid principles for the design and selection of air pollution control equipment as well as for its efficient operation and maintenance. Readers gain a deep understanding of both the equipment itself and the many factors affecting performance.

Following two introductory chapters, the book dedicates four chapters to examining control equipment for gaseous pollutants, including adsorption, absorption, and incineration equipment. The remaining six chapters deal with equipment for managing airborne particulate pollutants, including gravity settlers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and baghouses. The appendix contains discussions of hybrid systems, the SI system (including conversion constants), and a cost-equipment model.

Each chapter offers a short introduction to the control device discussed. Next, progressively more difficult problems with accompanying solutions enable readers to build their knowledge as they advance through the chapter. Problems reflect the most recent developments in pollution control and include a variety of performance equations and operation and maintenance calculations. Each problem includes a statement of the problem, the data used to solve the problem, and a detailed solution. Readers may further hone their skills by visiting the text's Web site for additional problems and solutions.

This publication serves both as a textbook for engineering students and as a reference for engineers and technicians who need to ensure that air pollution control equipment operates efficiently and enables their facility to meet all air pollution control standards and regulations.

Contents:
Section 1: Strategies: Now and in the Future 1) Application of Advanced Technology to Meet Worldwide Environmental Regulations J.M. Rackley and J.B. Kitto 2) Criteria and Alternatives for Development of Coal-Based Electricity Generation Technologies E. Menéndez Perez Section 2: Gas Combustion 3) Low NO^Ox Burners for Boilers, Furnaces and Gas Turbines; Drive Towards the Lower Bounds of NO^Ox Emissions J.M. BeéR 4) The Effects of CH3CL and CH2CL2 Addition on a Low-Pressure Stoichiometric CH4/O2/N2 Premixed Laminar Flat Flame Experimental and Modeling Studies D. Surdyk, P. Devynck, B. Crunelle, A. Turbiez, P. Desgroux, J.F. Pauwels and L.R. Sochet 5) Combustion Process of Natural Gas in a Rapid Compression Combustor T. Kadota, T. Mizobuchi, K. Kataoka, D. Segawa and N. Fukatani 6) NO^Ox Formation in Counter-Flow Opposed-Jet Diffusion CH4/Air Flames S. Bonturi, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams, G. Oskam and C. Wilson 7) Modelling of NO^Ox Formation in Turbulent H2 Diffusion Flames M. Schlatter and M. Flury 8) Low NO^Ox Blue Flame Coanda Burner P. O'Nions and M.M. Vahdati 9) Presumed PDF for Modelling of NO Formation in Methane Combustion A. Oksanen and E. Maki-Mantila 10) The Influence of the Temperature Fluctuations Variance on NO Predictions for a Gas Flame A. Beretta, N. Mancini, F. Podenzani and L. Vigevano 11) Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a NO^Ox Post Processor in Predicting the Performance of Natural Gas Fired Cyclone and Swirl Combustors M. Ilabas, T. O'doherty, P. Bowen and N. Syred 12) A Non-Orthogonal Combustion Model for Natural Gas Flames J.P. Jessee and W.A. Fiveland 13) Conversion of Power Station Combustor from Coal to Gas Firing G. Lazopoulos, F.C. Lockwood and J. De Dios Rivera Section 3: Oil Combustion 14) Numerical Simulation of the Oil Combustion Process in a 100 KW Serially Produced Low NO^Ox Combustion System H. Dreher, J. Gass, P. Suter, B. Mischler, P. Radi, B. Lehmann and M. Ochs 15) NO^Ox Emission Rates from Oxy-Fuel Oil Flames F.D.A. Sousa, R. Vergnhanini FIlho and W.T. Kobayashi 16) Optimization of Fuel Prevaporization on Porous Surfaces for Low-NO^Ox-Combustion M. Brandauer, A. Schulz and S. Wittig 17) Cleaner Combustion with Water-in-Fuel Emulsion M.A.A. Nazha, H. Rajakaruna, R.J. Crookes and F, Kiannejad 18) Parametric Investigation of Extraction of El-Lajjun Oil Shale M.Z. Anabtawi and B.Z. Uysal 19) Emission Studies on Combustion of Gasolines in Low Pressure Premixed Laminar Flames J.R. Pedersen, J. Wallman, M.R. Nosrani and J.O. Olsson 20) Influence of Oxidant Excess on the Emission Rates of Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Material from Power Boilers Burning Ultra-Viscous Oils R.Vergnhanini Filho, F. Furnari and F.D.A. Sousa Section 4: Coal Combustion: 21) Emission from Slow Pyrolysis of Solid Fuels Studied by GC/MS in a Miniature Reactor J.R. Pedersen, K. Stromberg and J.O. Olsson 22) Sulfation Propensity of Coal Ashes and Instability of Calcium and Magnesium Sulfates at High Temperatures J.W. Nowok, J.P. Hurley and S.A. Benson 23) Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of Chars Under Elevated Pressure in a Mixture of O2 and CO2 E. Croiset, C. Heurtebise, J.P. Rouan and J.R. RIchard 24) Hydrogen Peroxide Injection - A Novel Technology for Multiple Air Pollutant Emissions Removal ^V.M. Zamansky, L. Ho, P.M. Mally and W.R. Seeker 25) Influence of the Stoichiometric Ratio in the Reburning Zone on the Concentration of Different Species R. Bilbao, M. U. Alzueta and A. Millera 26) Pyrolysis Gas of Biomass and Coal as a NO^Ox Reductive in a Coal Fired Test Facility H. Rudiger, U. Greul, H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 27) Influence of Operational Parameters on the Results of Reburning in Coal Combustion J.M. Ballester, N. Fueyo, C. Dopazo, M. Hernández and P.J. Vidal 28) A Fast-Chemistry Model for Coal-Gas Reburning L. Vigevano 29) Scale-up Procedure from Pilot Plant Tests to Full-Size Power Plant Results: Experimentation vs. Mathemstical Modelling A. Antifora, M. Sala and L. Vigevano 30) Effect of Scale on Combustion and NO^Ox Formation Characteristics in Coal-Fired Furnances J.Charoensnuk and F.C. Lockwood 31) Studies and Development of Non-Slagging Cyclone Coal Combustors in China L.X. Zhou, W.Y. Lin, R.X. Li, X.L. Wang, Q.C. Yuan, B. Zhou, Z.G. Hu and R.L. Zeng 32) Numerical Simulation of Advanced Coal-Fired Combustion Systems with In-Furnace NO^Ox Control Technologies U. Schnell, R. Schneider, H.C. Magel, B. Risio, J. Lepper and K.R.G. Hein 33) A Two-Fluid Model for Simulating Turbulent Gas-Particle Flows, Coal Combustion and NO^Ox Formation in an Oxygen-Coal Combustor Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Lin and L.X. Zhou 34) A Computationally Economical Simulation of Small Particle Deposition in a Turbulent Duct Flow F.C. Lockwood, M. Nasrullah and S.A.L. Perera 35) The Use of Thermodynamic Computation Packages to Predict the Formation of Organic Species During the Utilisation of Coal D. Thompson Section 5: Wood Combustion: 36) Combined Combustion of Coal and Biomass in Pulverized Fuel and Fluidized Bed Systems H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 37) Using Upper and Lower Control Limits to Regulate Hazardous Air Emissions from Wood-Fired Boilers A.J. Hubbard and R.A. Fritz 38) Study of a Biomass Cyclone Combustor (Numerical and Experimental Results) I. Gulyurtlu, M.N. Nina, J. Nunes and T. Trindade Section 6: Combustion of Alternative Fuels: 39) Techno-EconomicComparision of Different Processes for Fuel Production Based on Sewage Sludge F. Sowa 40) Briquettes for Pollution Control for Residential and Small Industrial Sources W. Jozewicz and D. Natschke 41) Burning Rubber: The Controlling Surface Process of Polybutadiene Under Combustion-Like Conditions T.B. Brill and H. Arisawa Section 7: Co-Combustion and Co-Gasification: 42) Biomass Co-Combustion for the Pollutant Control in Pulverized Coal Units V. Siegle, A. Kicherer, H. Spliethoff and K.R.G. Hein 43) Co-Combustion of Biomass and Coal in a Pressurized Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor J. Andries, R.J. Vegelin, C.M. Verloop and K.R.G. Hein 44) The Co-Firing of Pulverized Bituminous Coals with Straw, Waste Paper, and Manicipal Sewage Sludge W.L. Van De Kamp and D.J. Morgan 45) Combined Gasification of Coal and Straw M. Msdsen and E. Christensen 46) Coal/Biomass Co-gasification and High Temperature Gas Cleaning J.H.A. Kiel, A. Bos, H. Den Uil and J.M. Plaum Section 8: Catalytic Combustion: 47) Catalytic Combustion: New Cataysts for New Technologies D. Klvana, J. Chaouki, C. Guy and J. Kirchnerova 48) ZrO2-Based Catalysts in Methane Oxidation with Minimum NO^Ox Production V.A. Self, P.A. Sermon, Y. Sun, J.L. Scott-Scott, S. Ashead'Farey and N. Hughes 49) Fe-Cr-Al Alloy Monolithic Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Alkane Fuels M. Akhtar, P. Kumarasamy, V.A. Self, P.A. Sermon, M.S.W. Vong, M.A. Martin-Luengo and M. Yates 50) The Development of a Catalytic Combustor for Natural Gas T.J. Foster, M. Pourkashanian, H.P.A. Singh and A. Williams Section 9: NO, SO, Soot Fundamentals: 51) Kinetic Behaviour of Desulfurization Processes at Medium Temperature (350^ToC) Using Calcium Hydroxide I. Fernández, J.R. Viguri and J.A. Irabien 52) Catalytic Combustion of Methane Soot P. Ciambelli, M. D'amore, V. Palma and S. Vaccaro 53) Carbonization Rate of Soot Precursor Particles R.A. Dobbins, G.J. Govatzidakis, W. Lu, A.Schwartzman and R.A. Fletcher 54) Formation of NO in One- and Two-Dimensional Laminar Premixed Methane Air Almes Using Complex Reaction Schemes R.l.G.M. Eggels and L.P.H. De Goey 55) On the Construction of Reduced Mechanisms - A Two Step Global Mechanism for Wet CO Flames Y. Katsabanis and D.A. Goussis 56) Numerical Simulation of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of NO in Exhaust Gas with Urea Particle Y. Morozumi, H. Aoki and T. Miura Section 10: Advanced Diagnostics: 57) 2D-Laser Temperature and NO Concentration Measurements in a DOmestic Natural Gas Burner A. Braumer, M. Decker, S. Ro, V. Sick, and J. Wolfrum 58) Pyrometric Particle Temperature Measurements in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor T. Joutsenoja, J. Stenberg and R. Hernberg 59) A New Sensor System for Industrial Combustion Monitoring and Control Using UV Emission Spectroscopy and Tomography R. Obertacke, H. Wintrich, F. Wintrich and A. Leipertz Section 11: Burners: 60) Heat-Recirculating Burners: Principles and Some Recent Developments F.J. Weinberg 61) Performance and Influence of Air-Staing on a Direct Fired Integral Bed Regenerative Burner L.M. Dearden, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams and B.J. Wills 62) NO Emission of Ceramic Foam Surface Gas Burners in the Radiant Mode P.H. Bouma, R.L.G.M Eggles and L.P.H. De Goey 63) Combustion in a Porous Medium - Advances and Applications D. Trimis and F. Durst 64) Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Fired Domestic Boilers and Space Heaters V. Dupont, A. Richardson and A. Williams 65) Low NO^Ox Natural Gas Burner for Domestic and Semi-Industrial Appliances: Investigation on an Advanced Purely Aerodynamic NO^Ox Reduction Technology A. Coghe, G. Zizak, G. Solero, E. Sebastiani and M. Beghi 66) Combustion Modeling of Coal-Fired, Aerodynamically Air-Staged Burners K.C. Kaufman and W.A. Fiveland 67) Prediction of NO Emissions from a Swirling Coal Flame O. Faltsi-Saravelou and P.N. Wild 68) Optimization of a Pulverized Brown Coal Burner T. Matern, W. Derichs, T. Tippkotter and E. Kakaras Section 12: Fluidised Bed Combustion: 69) The Use of Thermodynamic Computation Packages to Predict the Reactions Occuring During Combustion and Gasification in Fluidised Beds D. Thompson and B.B. Argent 70) Modelling of Desulfurization Behaviour in Circulating Fluidized Beds (CFB) M. Haider, A. Werner, M. Praxmarer and W. Linzer 71) On the Three-Dimensional Simulation of Circulating Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustors K. Fischer, R. Leithner, H. Muller and S. Vockrodt 72) Fluidized Bed Combustion of Gaseous Fuels S. Kandefer and M. Pilawska 73) Biomass Fluidized Bed Devolatilization and Gasification Research in the State University of Campinas C.G. Sánchez and E.S. Lora Section 13: Incineration: 74) Compact Waste Incinerator Based on Vortex Combustion E.J. Gutmark, T.P. Parr, K.J. Wilson, K.H. Yu, R.A. Smith, D.M. Hanson-Parr and K.C. Schadow 75) Waste Incineration Plant Modeling Using a Parellelized Domain Decomposition Methid with Locally Refined Subgrids S. Wirtz, A. Reischke, O. Heil and H. Kremer 76) Expolsive Incineration in a Fluidised Bed A. Pires and J. Campos 77) Feasibility of Catalytic Incineration for Coatig Industries S. Vigneron, P. Deprelle and J. Hermia 78) Fly Ash as Sorbent for Adsorption of Mercuric Chloride D. Karatza, A. Lancia, D. Musmarra and F. Pepe 79) The Effects of Extraneous Metal Oxides and Chlorides of the Partitioning of Toxic Metals in the Flames of a Pulverised Waste Fuel T. Abbas, S. Godoy, S. Hassan and F.C. Lockwood 80) Numerical Modelling of an Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator T. Aoki, S. Nakamura, T. Matsudaira, T. Akashi, H. Tsuboi and T. Yokoyama Section 14: Engines: 81) Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles; Regulations and Methods of Fulfilment C. Arcoumanis and J.H. Whitelaw 82) Diesel Engine Drive Using an Oxygen-Enricher K. Terao 83) Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Dual-Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine D. Cipolat 84) Combustion Bomb Experiments for Natural Gas-Diesel Oil Combustion NEar the Ignition Limits B. Hu, B.E. Milton and V. Krepl Section 15: Advanced Cycles: 85) The Pressurised Gasifier in the Air BLown Gasification Cycle G.B. Welford and A.R. Marshall 86) A Comparision of Electricity Generation from Combustion and IGCC Plants Using Wood Feedstock D. McIlveen-Wright, P.E. Sloan, B.C. Williams and J.T. McMullan Section 16: Gas Clean Up: 87) What Overall Nitrogen Kinetics Can Teach Us about Optimizing Catalytic NO Abatement Reactors G. De Soete 88) NO^Ox-Reduction in Diesel Exhaust Gas with Urea and Selective Catalytic Reduction M. Koebel, M. Elsener and T. Marti 89) Abatement of SO2 and NO^Ox From Gas Streams by Using Activated Carbon A. Pérez-Florindo, A. Macías-García and V. Gómez-Serrano 90) Transfering Mechanisms in the Desulphurization of Flue Gas by Seawater A. Arce, A. Baalińa, E. Rodriguez, J.A. Santaballa and L. Castellanos Section 17: Control Strategy: 91) Power Plant Boiler Expert System N.H. Afgan, M.G. Caravalho, P.J. Coelho and N. MArtins 92) The Application of Life Cycle Assessment as an Enviromental Decision Making Tool in the Power Sector A. Doig and J. Ellison 93) An Automatic Control System for Clean Coal Combustion on a Chain-Grate Stoker P.F. MacConnell, D. Neuffer, D.H. Owens and M.A. Patrick 94) An Alternative Approach to the Control of Industrial Combustors M.C. Vara-Munos, K.J. Young and J. Swithenbank Section 18: Clean Combustion in Process Industries 95) Numerical Study of Petroleum CVoke Fired Cement Kiln Flames F.C. Lockwood, B. Shen and T. Lowes 96) Pilkington "3R" Technology for NO^Ox Control in Glass Furnaces R. Quirk and S. Slade 97) Low-NO^Ox Combustion Techniques for Glass Meltin Furnaces M. Flamme, J. Haep and H. Kremer 98) Environment Changes Using Pulverized Coal Instead of Certain Coker Share for Ironmaking S.L. Yaroshevsky, A.I. Babich, V.P. Tereshchenko and V.A. Nozdrachyov _

The definitive resource for information on air pollution emission sources and the technology available to control them.

The Air Pollution Engineering Manual has long been recognized as an important source of information on air pollution control issues for industries affected by the Clean Air Act and regulations in other countries. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest emission factors and control measures for reducing air pollutants, this new edition provides industry and government professionals with the fundamental, technological, and regulatory information they need for compliance with the most recent air pollution standards. Contributing experts from diverse fields discuss the different processes that generate air pollution, equipment used with all types of gases and particulate matter, and emissions control for areas ranging from graphic arts and chemical processes to the metallurgical industry. More than 500 detailed flowcharts and photographs as well as an extensive listing of Internet resources accompany coverage of:
* Biological air pollution control, including biofilters and bioscrubbers
* Emissions from wood processing, brick and ceramic product manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, numerous other industrial processes, fugitive emissions, internal combustion sources, and evaporative losses
* Water/wastewater treatment plant emissions
* Changes in emission factors for each source category, including particle size factors related to PM10 and PM2.5 standards
* Updated MACT regulations and technologies
* And much more

THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION is the world's leading membership organization for environmental professionals. The Association enhances the knowledge and competency of environmental professionals by providing a neutral forum for technology exchange, professional development, networking opportunities, public education, and outreach events. The Air & Waste Management Association promotes global environmental responsibility and increases the effectiveness of organizations and individuals in making critical decisions that benefit society.

This book documents CCPS's Aerosol Research Program to develop a model to predict liquid rainout from release of a pressurized, liquefied gas--and, hence the residual amount of material in a vapor cloud, which may be greater than the amount calculated from an enthalpy chart. RELEASE predicts the rate of fluid discharge, the depressurization, flashing and formation of liquid drops, the entrainment of drops into the vapor cloud, the subsequent spreading of the jet, and rate of liquid rainout to a pool on the ground. Designed in a modular fashion to permit adjustment and corrections as new data become available, its multi-layered approach contains sub-models that include the complexities of many variables, including the effect of liquid superheat, rate of bubble growth, criterion for bubble formation, and heat transfer from the liquid to the growing vapor bubble. To validate RELEASE, CCPS conducted small- and large-scale experiments using superheated water, heated liquefied chlorine, methylamine, and cyclohexane that produced valuable data in an area where data are scarce. This book gives complete access, in text and on CD-ROM, to the model and the test data, giving users an informed ability to apply the model to their own work.

Air pollution has become the world's greatest environmental health risk, and science is only beginning to reveal its wide-ranging effects. Globally, 19,000 people die each day from air pollution, killing more than HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and car accidents combined.

What happened to the air we breathe?

Sustainability journalist Tim Smedley has travelled the world to try and find the answer, visiting cities at the forefront of the fight against air pollution, including Delhi, Beijing, London and Paris. With insights from the scientists and politicians leading the battle against it, and people whose lives have been affected by it.

Clearing the Air tells the full story of air pollution for the first time: what it is, which pollutants are harmful, where they come from and - most importantly - what we can do about them.

Air pollution is a problem that can be solved. The stories uncovered on this journey show us how.

Clearing the Air is essential reading for anyone who cares about the air they breathe. And this much becomes clear: in the fight against air pollution, we all have a part to play. The fightback has begun.

The steady growth in the number of vehicles on the road, heavy reliance on coal, use of dirty fuels for residential combustion, and extensive open burning are some of the major factors leading to the progressive deterioration of air quality in developing countries in Asia. And despite efforts to establish and implement air quality measurement systems, the development of infrastructure, environmental technology, and management practices continues to lag behind the rate of emission increase. Based on ten years of coordinated research, Integrated Air Quality Management: Asian Case Studies discusses technical and policy tools for the integrated air quality management of developing countries in Asia.

The book begins with an overview of major issues of air quality management practices in developing Asia and potential approaches to reduce pollution, including opportunities for integration of air quality improvement and climate migration strategies. It covers the methodology and results of fine particulate matter monitoring using traditional filter-based and satellite monitoring techniques. It examines the applications of a 3D dispersion modeling tool for urban and regional air quality management focusing on surface ozone, fine particulate matter, and acid deposition. The final chapters discuss innovative control technologies for gaseous air pollutants and illustrate the integrated air quality management in developing Asia through case studies for target source categories including agricultural residue field burning, vehicle emissions, brick kilns, and industrial VOC emission.

Illustrated with case studies, this book presents an integrated air quality management methodology that employs technical and policy tools to achieve air quality goals. It includes technical information and policy recommendations based on the outcomes of several multi-year air quality research programs coordinated by the Asian Institute of Technology. The text combines fundamental information and advanced knowledge useful to large audiences dealing with subjects of integrated air quality management.

Interest in solid and hazardous waste management is relatively recent, i.e., in the last three decades, and is driven by regulations in most countries. It began with industrial hazardous waste followed by municipal solid waste, and subsequently by many other categories of waste. This book presents numerous examples and case studies of innovative tools, treatment methods and applications in this growing area of research and development. It describes in detail laboratory methods of measuring the biodegradation of specific organic fractions, like floral waste, and also discusses the treatment of yard and food waste by anaerobic digestion and landfill leachate using constructed wetlands. Case studies are provided that show how remote sensing (RS) and GIS were used to develop an integrated solid waste management plan for a city and to evaluate the environmental impacts of stone quarrying activities. The book also features chapters discussing the implications of natural radioactivity in beach placers and their impact on groundwater and other parts of the environment, as well as the twelve principles of green chemistry and their application in the reuse and recycling of solid waste. Moreover, it includes examples of waste to energy, like refuse derived fuel and biofuel generation and an evaluation of their potential, and covers topics such as life cycle assessment as a tool for developing integrated solid waste management systems and an overview of municipal solid waste management rules, illustrating the importance of technological inputs in the development of regulatory frameworks. Written by leading practitioners and scholars in the field, the book enables readers to understand and apply these principles and practices in their endeavours.

A variety of air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere from human-caused and natural emissions sources throughout the United States and elsewhere. These contaminants impact sensitive natural resources in wilderness, including the national parks. The system of national parks in the United States is among our greatest assets. This book provides a compilation and synthesis of current scientific understanding regarding the causes and effects of these pollutants within national park lands. It describes pollutant emissions, deposition, and exposures; it identifies the critical (tipping point) loads of pollutant deposition at which adverse impacts are manifested.

Starting with the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident, Oil Spill Impacts: Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches chronicles a timeline of events that focus on the impact of oil spills and provides an understanding of these incidents using a number of approaches. The book includes an interdisciplinary oil spill taxonomy, an oil spill topic map, and highlights information-organization tools, such as indexes, taxonomies, and topic maps that can be used to connect information resources with concepts of interest. The topic map combines the function of ontology with the function of organized information resources, and contains thousands of concepts and their relationships extracted from approximately 300 documents stemming from various academic conference presentations, journal articles, news reports, and web pages. Divided into four parts, the book begins with a brief introduction of the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill events followed by a breakdown of the taxonomy concepts distributed into categories and their subcategories. The book then describes the oil spill topic map separated by concepts, relationships, and references. This interdisciplinary reference provides to its readers: The perspective of multiple disciplines instead of just one discipline An indication of the most important topics in the oil spill domain Developed research in the oil spill and oil drilling areas A broad and detailed view of oil spill issues The book serves students, teachers, and researchers interested in oil spill issues, oil spill incidents, and addresses their impacts that involve coastal and marine environmental sciences, biological sciences, chemistry, disaster management, geology, sociology, and government policy.

Remediation of groundwater is complex and often challenging. But the cost of pump and treat technology, coupled with the dismal results achieved, has paved the way for newer, better technologies to be developed. Among these techniques is permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology, which allows groundwater to pass through a buried porous barrier that either captures the contaminants or breaks them down. And although this approach is gaining popularity, there are few references available on the subject. Until now. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation brings together the information required to plan, design/model, and apply a successful, cost-effective, and sustainable PRB technology. With contributions from pioneers in this area, the book covers state-of-the-art information on PRB technology. It details design criteria, predictive modeling, and application to contaminants beyond petroleum hydrocarbons, including inorganics and radionuclides. The text also examines implementation stages such as the initial feasibility assessment, laboratory treatability studies (including column studies), estimation of PRB design parameters, and development of a long-term monitoring network for the performance evaluation of the barrier. It also outlines the predictive tools required for life cycle analysis and cost/performance assessment. A review of current PRB technology and its applications, this book includes case studies that exemplify the concepts discussed. It helps you determine when to recommend PRB, what information is needed from the site investigation to design it, and what regulatory validation is required.

Sustainable sources of energy and a supply of good quality water are two major challenges facing modern societies across the globe. Biomass from cultivated plants may be used to generate energy, but at the cost of contaminated surface waters from pesticide and fertiliser use. This two-volume set examines the potential use of biomass as both a source of sustainable energy and a resource to tackle contaminated soils and wastewaters. Consideration is given to non-food crops, bacteria, and fungi as sources of biomass and the book enables the reader to identify the best local bioresources according to the desired application. With contributions from across the globe, this is an essential guide to meeting the demand for energy and pollution remediation by exploiting local and renewable resources. The example scenarios given will inspirational to policy makers and local officers, while chemical engineers and environmental scientists in both academia and industry will benefit from the comprehensive review of current thinking and application.

Containment and permeable reactive barriers have come full circle as an acceptable environmental control technology during the past 30 years. As interest shifted back toward containment in the 1990s, the industry found itself relying largely on pre-1980s technology. Fortunately, in the past 10 years important advances have occurred in several areas of containment, most notably in the area of permeable barriers. A balanced presentation of what is known and not known, Barrier Systems for Contaminant Containment and Environmental Treatment provides a comprehensive report on the current state of the science and technology of waste containment. Comprehensive and easily read, this book is rich with discussions and references to literature. Setting the stage for how contaminants can get into the subsurface, the authors describe pathways and introduce the essential concepts of risk. They provide details on the current state of the art for performance prediction and clearly delineate the limitations in modeling specific situations. The book addresses the materials used in barriers, defines their properties, and explores how they perform in the field. It describes available technologies and addresses their applications to various types of barriers. Tackling perhaps the most challenging aspect of waste containment technology, the book includes two case studies that demonstrate the value of validating field performance. Subsurface containment and treatment barriers will continue to be a widely used environmental control technology in the years ahead. Representing the collective knowledge and efforts of leading experts from research, industry, and regulatory agencies, this book provides a valuablereference that helps to chart the way to successfully managing many contaminated sites.

Completely revised and updated, the Second Edition of Site Assessment and Remediation Handbook provides coverage of new procedures and technologies for an expanded range of site investigations. With over 700 figures, tables, and flow charts, the handbook is a comprehensive resource for engineers, geologists, and hydrologists conducting site investigation, and a one-stop, technical reference for environmental attorneys.

While innovative technologies in remediation need to be developed, so do innovative ways of site assessment. This monograph describes the development, testing, and performance of a new laser-induced fluorescence soil probe. A screening tool for site characterization, this probe has the potential to provide an economical, rapid assessment of contaminated sites. Cone Penetrometer testing equipment advances the probe into the subsurface. The probe identifies hydrocarbon classes using a multi-channel excitation-emission matrix. This technique facilitates the collection of significant amounts of subsurface information - surpassing conventional data collection methods - that can be used to rapidly identify areas of concern beneath a site. The technology has significant application for the following: Rapid environmental site assessment Monitoring remediation programs Monitoring manufacturing processes and industrial waste water operations Subsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence provides comprehensive reference material for researchers and engineers as well as engineering consultants interested in subsurface monitoring techniques or further development of this technology. It describes innovative technology that focuses on finding cost effective solutions for site assessment and remediation.

Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation addresses the increasingly important topic of waste treatment. Focusing on microbiological degradation of contaminants, it offers a representative picture of the current status of environmental biotechnology and lays a solid foundation of the methods and applications of bioremediation. The expert presentations of case studies in this new book demonstrate successful treatment schemes and technologies meeting regulatory standards. These case studies represent an international cross-section of strategies for developing and implementing the evolving technologies of bioremediation. Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation examines the primary waste streams, including air, water, soils, and sediments, and explores specific treatment methodologies for industrial and environmental contaminants. This broad and unique coverage allows treatment firms and regulatory authorities to determine and develop appropriate treatment strategies for site-specific problems of waste remediation. The observations and successful field applications compiled in Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation make it an excellent reference for understanding, evaluating, developing, and operating efficient and cost-effective full-scale treatment systems.

Offers up-to-date technical information on current and potential pollution control and waste minimization practices, providing industry-specific case studies, techniques and models.

This book presents an integrated approach to understanding environmental contamination problems through the use of techniques from environmental chemistry, toxicology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. Basing much of his information on his 21 years of experience in the field, the author proposes innovative strategies for studying the environmental fate of contaminants, evaluating the effects, and producing scientific criteria for environmental safety. The book is clearly written, with all terms defined and equations explained with examples of their application. Weak points in the present knowledge are pointed out and discussed. An extensive list of references is provided for individuals who wish to delve deeper into the subject.