South Africa's prosperity was built on the wealth dragged out of the ground by mine workers: the first volume of three runs up to the defeat of the mineworkers' strike in 1946 and the election of the first Nationalist Party government. Key Features include: Information on the early days of the industry from slavery to compound labour. Explanation of the coercive forces that drove workers to the mines and of the creation of a permanent supply of cheap black labour. Strikes and Protests from the 1920s to 1946

Learn to heal your cattle by treating the cause and not the symptoms. Holistic veterinarian Richard "Doc" Holiday shares the secrets he's learned from more than fifty years of experience in animal nutrition and health.

Scandals in food, growth of supermarket power, new technologies and crises in obesity have shaken popular trust in food across Europe. The BSE epidemic, concern over GM foods, dioxin scares and avian flu have placed consumer trust and how to restore it at the top of government agendas. Uncovering surprising differences between countries, "Trust in Food" examines these issues to challenge the idea of the consumer as a sovereign individual and to demonstrate how consumption is institutionalized within societies.

Due to globalization and internationalization of agri-food production, the arena of competition and competitive advantage is moving from individual firms operating on spot markets towards supply chains and networks. Therefore, coordination between firms within the chain becomes more important. Topics like costs, efficiency, risk and investment analysis have received little empirical attention within chain and network research. Nonetheless, these performance measures are of vital importance for continuity of individual companies, chains and networks. This book aims at offering a coherent view on this matter by discussing the possibilities and limitations of quantifying performance, risks and investments in the agri-food chain. A wide variety of approaches from different economic disciplines was used to analyse the complex systems of agri-food supply chains and develop appropriate models for management decision support.

The Japanese economy experienced rapid development during the mid-1950s through to the early -1970s, with a compound annual average growth rate of higher than ten per cent. Although the labor productivity of the agricultural sector increased fairly sharply, the non-agricultural sectors enjoyed much higher growth rates of labor productivity during the same period of time. This resulted in big income gaps between the agricultural and non-agricultural households. To reduce such income gaps between the two sectors, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) enacted the Agricultural Basic Act in 1961 and started enforcing various policies for agriculture. These representative policy measures have been the output price-supports, in particular rice, the output-mix change, the set-asides, the input subsidies, and the research and extension (R&E) programs.
In Volume 2 the (crops-livestock) multiple-product translog variable profit function is used to quantitatively investigate the impacts of the output price-supports, the set-asides, the input subsidies, and the R&E programs on the important economic indicators from 1965-97. The most important finding based on such quantitative analyses is that the agricultural policy measures introduced by the MAFF played a vital role in restricting land transfers from small- to large-scale farms for more efficient and productive farming on larger-scale farms contrary to expectations.

With an ever-increasing human population, the demand placed upon the agriculture sector to supply more food is one of the greatest challenges for the agrarian community. In order to meet this challenge, environmentally unfriendly agroch- icals have played a key role in the green revolution and are even today commonly recommended to circumvent nutrient de?ciencies of the soils. The use of ag- chemicals is, though, a major factor for improvement of plant production; it causes a profound deteriorating effect on soil health (soil fertility) and in turn negatively affects the productivity and sustainability of crops. Concern over disturbance to the microbial diversity and consequently soil fertility (as these microbes are involved in biogeochemical processes), as well as economic constraints, have prompted fun- mental and applied research to look for new agro-biotechnologies that can ensure competitive yields by providing suf?ciently not only essential nutrients to the plants but also help to protect the health of soils by mitigating the toxic effects of certain pollutants. In this regard, the role of naturally abundant yet functionally fully unexplored microorganisms such as biofertilizers assume a special signi?cance in the context of supplementing plant nutrients, cost and environmental impact under both conventional practices and derelict environments. Therefore, current devel- ments in sustainability involve a rational exploitation of soil microbial communities and the use of inexpensive, though less bio-available, sources of plant nutrients, which may be made available to plants by microbially-mediated processes.

Flag of convenience fishing seriously undermines efforts to protect the marine environment. To counter this threat, "Market Denial and International Fisheries Regulation" rests on the logic of the most basic tenet of economics: if no market exists for a product then producers will cease to produce. Denying market access to the flag of convenience fishing fleet should significantly reduce instances of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. In areas beyond national jurisdiction not only is market denial the most effective means of undermining the IUU fleet, it is, for most practical purposes, the only way to do so. To what extent, however, do the laws of the sea and international trade allow groups of States to close their markets to non-compliant fishing vessels?

The rivalry for trade in tea and textiles between the English and Dutch East India companies is very much a global history. This trade is strongly connected to emblematic events such as the opening of Western trade with China, the Boston Tea Party, the establishment of British Empire in Bengal and the Industrial Revolution.

Lin Foxhall explores the cultivation of the olive as an extended case study for understanding ancient Greek agriculture in its landscape, economic, social, and political settings. Evidence from written sources, archaeology, and visual images is assembled to focus on what was special about the cultivation and processing of the olive in classical and archaic Greece, and how and why these practices differed from Roman ones. This investigation opens up new ways of thinking about the economies of the archaic and classical Greek world.

By departing from conventionally analytical tools such as Cobb-Douglas and CES production functions, the author quantitatively analyses the production structure and productivity of Japanese agriculture for the second half of the 20th century. To achieve this objective the book uses newly developed analytical tools from the early-1950s through to the 1980s such as the duality theorem, flexible functional forms, and index number theories. By making full use of these newly developed analytical tools, the author offers comprehensive, consistent, integrated, and reliable empirical results for analysing the production structure and productivity of postwar Japanese agriculture.
Volume 1 utilises the crop-livestock multiple product total and variable translog cost to quantitatively assess production structure and productivity from 1957-1997. Important indicators of production are estimated for different size classes for each
year and are compared over time. Furthermore, a distinctive feature of Volume 1 is the introduction of a newly devised method for decomposing the growth rate of labor productivity. This process departs from the conventional Solow growth account method, which is not explicitly integrated with the theory of the firm.

During the 4th ESA-Congress, held in the Netherlands, 7-11 July 1996, a new perspective for agronomy emerged. Various contributions demonstrate the need for a new role of agronomy and its tools. In recent decades, agriculture has evolved from an activity with mainly productivity aims, into an issue conciliating environmental, agricultural, and economic and social objectives. Placing agriculture in such a broadened perspective requires a different agronomy, with new tools and approaches at a range of aggregration levels. It calls for detailed knowledge concerning the functioning, productivity and ecological relationships of agricultural plants and crops. In addition, it calls for a constant update and synthesis of existing and newly generated knowledge, the design of new ideotypes and genotypes, new production technologies, cropping systems, farming systems and agro-ecological land use systems.

This proceedings book presents a set of case studies illustrating the various agronomic tools that can be used for specific agronomic questions. The case studies are grouped in sections illustrating relevant subquestions in developing an agriculture with broadened objectives. The book starts with an introductory paper on the role of agronomy in research and education in Europe. The second section deals with agricultural land use, food security and environment. This is followed by a set of papers describing experimental research and modeling approaches used to design new ideotypes of crops, including physiological properties in relation to growth factors such as radiation, CO2, temperature and water.

Sustained soil fertility directly links to nutrient cycling and soil organic matter. A selected set of papers addresses the improvements in resource use efficiency and as such their contribution towards economic, environmental and agricultural objectives. The final section addresses the design of integrated and ecological arable farming systems. It highlights the role of prototyping interaction with leading-edge farmers, as promising tools to design, implement and test new farming systems.

It is hoped that the activities of the European Society for Agronomy and the "Proceedings" of its 4th Congress will stimulate to serve the new perspectives of agronomy, i.e. to adopt ecological principles, to optimally manage the use of resources and to meet social and economic objectives.

This is a comprehensive survey of how government policies have affected agricultural performance in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The government helped smallholders triple their grain sales in the early 1980s, but left the country vulnerable to drought, leading to emergency food aid imports in 1992. The experience of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons not only for South Africa, but for all countries struggling to find an appropriate role for government in agriculture during the 1990s.

Originally published in 1994, the first edition of Field Sampling Methods for Remedial Investigations soon became a premier resource in the field. The "Princeton Groundwater" course designated it as one of the top books on the market that address strategies for groundwater well installation, well completion, and groundwater sampling. This long-awaited second edition continues the tradition of providing guidance on how to develop cost-effective and defensible environmental sampling programs to support site characterization, site remediation, and building decontamination and decommissioning in both chemical and radioactive environments. The book provides guidance on how to: Implement the US EPA's latest Data Quality Objective's procedure Prepare and maintain defensible field documentation Use quality control sampling, data verification, data validation, and data quality assessment to assure the data collected is of adequate quality and quantity for its intended use Properly decontaminate drilling and field sampling equipment Determine appropriate health and safety requirements Manage investigation-derived waste Properly prepare sample bottles for shipment

In this book is summarized those management principles that should be valid in areas where forests continuously are used for production, where biodiversity aspects are important as well as economy and productivity, and where demands on soil status and water quality are set. Especially the very long-term aspects are emphasized, and it is shown how system model thinking is used to reach the goals. Biogeochemical aspects are put forward as they are very important in areas on poor bedrock with acid soils. Forest vitality and stress on trees are treated, as well as the importance of wildlife and their effects of browsing. The balance between social and recreational demands from the society and the economical needs of the landowner is of great concern. Experiences from a special area in South Sweden are presented.

The advent of new biotechnologies implies significant changes in the world, both biologically and industrially. Biologically, these new technologies represent changes on a scale never before witnessed in the context of evolutionary systems. How these systems will respond to these changes is uncertain and potentially very significant. The first part of this volume addresses these issues in a series of chapters considering the manner in which societies might analyse and manage these systemic responses to biotechnological changes.

The second part of the volume addresses the industrial issues concerning biotechnologies. One of the primary motivations for these changes is to enhance the appropriability of the value of innovation occurring within the life sciences sectors. Changing to a property rights-based system of biotechnology has implications for the nature of research and development within these sectors, and the diffusion and distribution of its benefits across the globe. Another set of chapters in this volume sets out a framework for considering these important industrial issues.

The volume is the outcome of a two-year project on the economics of managing biotechnologies in agriculture. It is recommended to academics and policy makers interested in the issues concerning society's options in the management of this process of technological change.

This set of previously out-of-print works is an essential reference collection encompassing a huge array of agricultural topics. These classic texts analyses agricultural change and economics; land use and development; Soviet farming; Indian farming; American farming; and much more besides.

This volume explores the usefulness of the Asian model of agricultural development for Africa, where, even before the recent world food crisis, half the population lived on less than on dollar a day, and a staggering one in three people and one third of all children were undernourished. Africa has abundant natural resources; agriculture provides most of its jobs, a third of national income and a larger portion of total export earnings. However the levels of land and labor productivity rank among the worst in the world. The book explains Africa s productivity gap and proposes ways to close it, by examining recent experience in Africa and by drawing on lessons from Asia.

WINNER OF A SOMERSET MAUGHAM AWARD 2021 A BBC RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEK SHORTLISTED FOR THE WAINWRIGHT PRIZE A SUNDAY TIMES AND FINANCIAL TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 'Marks the birth of a new star of non-fiction' William Dalrymple 'A beautiful account of immersion in an alien world' Philip Marsden, Guardian There is the Cornwall Lamorna Ash knew as a child - the idyllic, folklore-rich place where she spent her summer holidays. Then there is the Cornwall she discovers when, feeling increasingly dislocated in London, she moves to Newlyn, a fishing town near Land's End. This Cornwall is messier and harder; it doesn't seem like a place that would welcome strangers. But before long, Lamorna finds herself on a week-long trawler trip with a crew of local fishermen, afforded a rare glimpse into their world, their warmth and their humour. Out on the water, miles from the coast, she learns how fishing requires you to confront who you are and what it is that tethers you to the land. Dark, Salt, Clear is a bracing journey of discovery and a captivating portrait of a community sustained and defined by the sea for centuries.

This book is one of the first attempts to examine the issue of poverty in small-scale fisheries from a multi-disciplinary perspective. It represents a state-of-the-art collation and synthesis of the experience of nineteen international experts in fisheries management, planning, economics and other social sciences, including several senior officers form the Department of Fisheries of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN-FAO). The authors have benefited from the experiences and comments of colleagues from twenty-five African countries participating in the First International Workshop on "Small-scale fisheries, poverty and the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" organized by FAO and the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID). The book offers a new perspective on the problem of poverty in small-scale fisheries, introducing innovative concepts and ideas and drawing upon recent knowledge generated by in-depth empirical case studies and makes explicit connections with the Sustainable Livelihood Approach and the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - two prominent frameworks which are recognized, applied and promoted internationally by scholars, practitioners and donor agencies in their work on fisheries development. As well as offering important insights into the problem of poverty in small-scale fisheries and representing a contribution to the work of the Sustainable Fisheries Livelihood Programme (SFLP)' in West Africa the book also represents a key source of up-to-date information and reference material for anybody interested or working in the fields of poverty and fisheries management in Developing Countries.

Providing useful insights on the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in natural resource management, this book examines a number of empirical applications for several countries and a variety of natural resources. It is shown that using MCDA in the management of water, forestry, wetland and other natural resources can substantially improve the design and implementation of natural resource and environmental policies. Stakeholder involvement is also an important determinant of successful resource management and MCDA provides a useful and effective framework for getting stakeholders involved in resource management decisions. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Natural Resource Management gives in-depth analysis of the potential problems in applying these techniques, including difficulties eliciting required information, lack of suitable measures for environmental variables and the need to develop innovative methods to simplify the use of MCDA.