Mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems is used widely for plant design, optimisation, training, controller design and research. The quality of simulation studies varies depending on the project objectives, finances and expertise available. Consideration has to be given to the model accuracy and the amount of time required carrying out a simulation study to produce the desired accuracy. Inconsistent approaches and insufficient documentation make quality assessment and comparison of simulation results difficult or almost impossible. A general framework for the application of activated sludge models is needed in order to overcome these obstacles. The genesis of the Good Modelling Practice (GMP) Task Group lies in a workshop held at the 4th IWA World Water Congress in Marrakech, Morocco where members of research groups active in wastewater treatment modelling came together to develop plans to synthesize the best practices of modellers from all over the world. The most cited protocols were included in the work, amongst others from: HSG (Hochschulgruppe), STOWA, BIOMATH and WERF. The goal of the group is to set up an internationally accepted framework to deal with the ASM type models in practice. This framework shall make modelling more straightforward and systematic to use especially for practitioners and consultants. Additionally, it shall help to define quality levels for simulation results, a procedure to assess this quality and to assist in the proper use of the models. The framework will describe a methodology for goal-oriented application of activated sludge models demonstrated by means of a concise guideline about the procedure of a simulation study and some illustrative case studies. The case studies shall give examples for the required data quality and quantity and the effort for calibration/validation with respect to a defined goal. The final report will include an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Additional features in Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models include a chapter on modelling industrial wastewater, an overview on the history, current practice and future of activated sludge modelling and several explanatory case studies. It can be used as an introductory book to learn about Good Modelling Practice (GMP) in activated sludge modelling and will be of special interest for process engineers who have no prior knowledge of modelling or for lecturers who need a textbook for their students. The STR can also be used as a modelling reference book and includes an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Scientific and Technical Report No. 22

Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut fur Bioanorganische Chemie, Mulheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

This new, revised edition of Approved Document B incorporates the June 2022 amendment booklet which takes effect on 1st December 2022. Approved Document B of the Building Regulations covers fire safety matters within and around buildings. Published in two volumes, this volume - Volume 1 - deals solely with dwellings, including blocks of flats, while Volume 2 deals with all other types of building cover by the Building Regulations. The aim of each volume is to set out the guidelines that need to be followed in order to prevent the spread of fire over linings, such as walls and ceilings. Each volume also states what materials can be used and what British Standards each should conform to, to ensure that they provide the required level of protection. Main changes made by the 2022 amendments The changes focus on the following fire safety provisions: a. Ban of combustible materials in and on the external walls of buildings: Consequential amendments following the laying of the Building (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2022. Updated provisions in Section 10 for residential buildings (purpose groups 1 and 2) with a storey 11m or more in height. b. Secure information boxes: A new recommendation for secure information boxes in blocks of flats with storeys over 11m. c. Evacuation alert systems: A new recommendation for evacuation alert systems in blocks of flats with storeys over 18m.

EU Telecommunications Law provides a comprehensive overview of the current European regulatory framework as it applies to telecommunications and examines the challenges facing regulators in this sector. Key chapters focus on the selection of appropriate regulatory models that serve to encourage effective investment in next-generation networks and ensure their successful deployment. Andrej Savin provides an up to date overview of all the relevant sources, guiding the reader through these disparate materials in a simple and systematized way. In particular, the book provides analysis of the 2016 proposal for a European Electronic Communications Code (EECC). Using the 2009 Regulatory Framework on electronic communications as a basis the author analyses each of the 2009 framework?s five main directives, comparing them with the changes proposed in the EECC. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the main areas of EU telecoms regulation, this book will be of great value to telecoms and IT lawyers. It will also appeal to academics carrying out research in IT law or competition law as it relates to IT and telecoms.

Flood Risk and Social Justice is a response to the rising significance of floods and flood-related disasters worldwide, as an initiative to promote a socially just approach to the problems of flood risk. It integrates the human-social and the technological components to provide a holistic view. This book treats flooding as a multi-dimensional human and natural world tragedy that must be accommodated using all the social and technological means that can be mobilised before, during and after the flooding event. It covers socially just flood risk mitigation practices which necessitate a wide range of multidisciplinary approaches, starting from social and wider environmental needs, including feedback cycles between human needs and technological means. Flood Risk and Social Justice looks at how to judge whether a risk is acceptable or not by addressing an understanding of social and phenomenological considerations rather than simple calculations of probabilities multiplied by unwanted outcomes and their balancing between costs and benefits. It is argued that the present 'flood management' practice should be largely replaced by the social justice approach where particular attention is given to deciding what is the right thing to do within a much wider context. Thus it insists upon the validity of modes of human understanding which cannot be addressed within the limited context of modern science. Flood Risk and Social Justice is written to support a wide range of audiences and seeks to improve the dialogue between researchers and practitioners from different disciplines (including post-graduate engineering, environmental and social science students, industry practitioners, academics, planners, environmental advocacy groups and environmental law professionals) who have a strong interest in a new kind of social justice work that can act as a continuous counter-balance to the various mechanisms that unceasingly give rise to profound injustices. More information about this book can be found in this article written for the WaterWiki by the author: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/FloodRiskandSocialJustice Authors: Zoran Vojinovic is Associate Professor at the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands, with almost 20 years of consulting and research experience in various aspects of water industry in New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe, Central/South America and the Caribbean. Michael B. Abbott is Emeritus Professor at the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands, and a Director of the European Institute for Industrial Leadership in Brussels. He founded and developed the disciplines of Computational Hydraulics and Hydroinformatics and co-founded, the Journal of Hydroinformatics with Professor Roger Falconer.

The integration of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, control and computer engineering - Mechatronics - lies at the heart of the innumerable gadgets, processes and technology without which modern life would seem impossible. From auto-focus cameras to car engine management systems, and from state-of-the-art robots to the humble washing machine, Mechatronics has a hand in them all.

Protect crop yields and strengthen ecosystems with this essential guide Research into weed management is an increasingly critical component of both environmental stewardship and food production. The potential cost of weed propagation can be measured in crop yield reductions, under-nourished populations, stymied economies, and more. The propagation of herbicide-resistant weed populations means that purely chemical weed management is no longer viable; food production can now be secured only with an ecological approach to weed control. Ecologically-Based Weed Management details such approaches and their potential to manage weeds across a range of agricultural and environmental contexts. It emphasizes the deployment of ecological principles to prevent weed infestations, reduce crop losses, and strengthen ecosystems. In a time when growing population and changing climates are placing enormous pressure on global food production, this approach to weed management has never been more vital. Ecologically-Based Weed Management readers will also find: A global team of expert contributors to a multidisciplinary approach Detailed discussion of topics like herbicide limitation, integrated weed management, and more Insights pertinent to agriculture, academia, government, industry, and more Ecologically-Based Weed Management is ideal for researchers in agriculture chemistry, weed science, agronomy, ecology, and related fields, as well as for regulators and advanced students.

You ve just purchased a TI-83 Plus calculator to assist in performing different types of mathematical equations now, how can you get the most out of it? You ll find the answer to this question with our comprehensive, 3-panel guide that shows in great detail what exactly the TI-83 Plus can do. Function key and mode descriptions, as well as problem-solving examples, are included within a color-coded format for easy reference.

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Pasture Management in South Africa covers all all major aspects of pasture production and management. Particular strengths are species selection, pasture establishment, fertilizer, grazing and forage management, and livestock related aspects of nutrient supplementation and feed budgeting. Pasture fertilizer practice is dealt with comprehensively. The range of regions and topics should make the book useful to students and practitioners beyond South Africa's borders. The contributors to this book collectively represent a formidable component of the expertise available on the subject in South Africa. They are researchers, conservation managers and planners working at a practical level, and at the more theoretical level as teachers at colleges and in universities. GRASSLAND SCIENCE, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION

We may be standing at the precipice of a revolution in propulsion not seen since the internal combustion engine replaced the horse and buggy. The proliferation of electric cars will change the daily lives of motorists, boost some regional economies and hurt others, reduce oil insecurity but create new insecurities about raw materials, and impact urban air quality and climate change. If you want to understand how quickly the transition is likely to occur, and the factors shaping the pace of the transition, this book delivers with a candid, illuminating style. The invention of the lithium-ion battery and its adaptation to the auto sector set the stage for the exciting proliferation of electric cars, beginning with California and Norway. This book focuses on the period from the oil crises of the 1970s to the present, tracing the development of this entirely new industry and its critical supply chain. John Graham delves into the major societal concerns, economic rationales, governmental policies and corporate strategies. He emphasizes that consumer concerns slowed the pace of the transition while spurring more innovation and new policies to persuade reluctant consumers. And he explains why the transition is now occurring much faster in China and Europe than in Japan and the United States. More broadly, the book tells the story of many successes and failures in public policy, technological innovation and corporate strategy. This book provides an in-depth understanding of how people on every continent in the world are contributing to the new electric-vehicle industry, including the raw materials, battery components, electric motors and charging stations. Faculty, students and researchers will appreciate the integrated treatment of the technical, economic, political and international issues. For the practitioner in industry, government and civil society, the book is an engaging look at the roles of key decision makers and organizations, both those favoring electric cars and those opposed.

Urban Hydroinformatics: Data, Models and Decision Support for Integrated Urban Water Management is an introduction to hydroinformatics applied to urban water management. It shows how to make the best use of information and communication technologies for manipulating information to manage water in the urban environment. The book covers the acquisition and analysis of data from urban water systems to instantiate mathematical models or calculations, which describe identified physical processes. The models are operated within prescribed management procedures to inform decision makers, who are responsible to recognized stakeholders. The application is to the major components of the urban water environment, namely water supply, treatment and distribution, wastewater and storm water collection, treatment and impact on receiving waters and groundwater, and urban flooding. Urban Hydroinformatics pays particular attention to modeling, decision support through procedures, economics and management, and implementation in developing countries. The book is written with Post-graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers in all aspects of urban water management in mind. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read an article by the authors: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/Urbanhydroinformatics This title is now available in Hardback: please note change of ISBN from 9781843392743 to 9781780401362.

Economic issues arise in almost every water policy context. Water is of most concern when scarce, but physical scarcity is often overcome as human beings move water from place to place, sometimes creating monumental structures. The roles that cost and economic value play in water resource allocation are implicit, but often poorly understood. This second edition clarifies the role of economics and offers material that can be applied to water resource allocation problems around the world. Topics covered include: groundwater, floods and droughts, in situ uses of water, and institutions and law. New to the book is an exploration of water issues outside the United States as well as a new application of behavioral and experimental economics to the topic. A concise introduction to issues of water quality and quantity in both urban and agricultural settings, Water Resource Economics and Policy will be a valuable resource or text for students and researchers in the fields of agricultural economics, geography, law, and hydrology. Those involved in water resource agencies and private utilities will also find the book a useful reference. Acclaim for the first edition: 'This textbook is written for first-year graduate students and senior level undergraduates in economics. ... Graduate students in geography, water resources, and environmental management should also be interested. The well-done helpful diagrams and charts are those expected for a textbook in economics at this level. In every chapter many interesting real-world examples illustrate the concept being discussed. Some chapters have easy-to-read case studies set off from the text. ... I plan on keeping this excellent book as a shelf reference and would willingly adopt it for a class in water resource economics.' - Donald E. Agthe, Journal of the American Water Resources Association 'This is a much-needed book, which introduces the interested reader to the economics of water resource allocation, and analyzes relevant policy issues derived from all over the world. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first book which is focused on communicating the basic economic concepts that govern water resources allocation. ... The lively writing style of W. Douglass Shaw, which is enriched with excellent examples and case studies from various countries, makes this book an obvious choice for a textbook in relevant courses ... this excellent book should be a compulsory reading for all of us who work in the field of water resources management.' - Phoebe Koundouri, Ecological Economics

Wastewater disposal by marine outfalls is proven and effective and is a reliable and cost effective solution with minimal environmental impacts. The design and siting of submarine outfalls is a complex task that relies on many disciplines including oceanography, civil and environmental engineering, marine biology, construction, economics, and public relations. Marine Wastewater Outfalls and Treatment Systems brings these disciplines together and outlines all tasks involved in the planning and design of a wastewater system involving a marine outfall. This book concerns the design of marine wastewater disposal systems: that is an ocean outfall plus treatment plant. All aspects of outfall design and planning are covered, including water quality design criteria, mathematical modelling of water quality and dilution, gathering required oceanographic data, appropriate wastewater treatment for marine discharges, construction materials for marine pipelines, forces on pipelines and outfall design, outfall hydraulics, outfall construction, tunnelled outfalls, operation and maintenance, monitoring, case studies are discussed and methods for gaining public acceptance for the project are presented. Finally, costs for many outfalls around the world are summarized and methods for estimating costs are given. This is the first book to consider all aspects of marine outfall planning and construction. The authors are all extensively involved with outfall schemes and aware of recent developments. The science and technology of all aspects of outfall discharges into coastal waters and estuaries of treated municipal or industrial wastewater has advanced considerably over the past few years. Marine Wastewater Outfalls and Treatment Systems provides an up to date and comprehensive summary of this rapidly developing area.

Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: * principles of sludge reduction techniques; * process configurations; * potential performance; * advantages and drawbacks; * economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.

The author designed his first shell and tube heat exchanger in 1965 using a slide rule. The book covers the development of calculations methods from then until the present time. It is a technical autobiography which includes personal accounts of interesting developments and challenging designs. The book contains only a basic coverage of heat transfer and pressure drop correlations since these may be found in many other more general books on heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Instead the emphasis is on how to identify key variables and the impact they have on that elusive 'optimum design'. The need to visualise what is taking place in a heat exchanger is an important part of the book and many novel ways of doing this are suggested. The mechanical aspects of shell and tube design are covered in sufficient detail for a thermal design engineer to have confidence that what they are proposing is realistic and can be manufactured. Limitations are discussed where it is advisable to seek specialist advice. The work of the process engineer is also covered in many sections and the need for coordination between process and thermal designers is a feature of the book. There is guidance on how to use modern sophisticated computer design programs and the potential pitfalls they will always contain. There are many examples of complex designs which require 'fudged' computer runs and supplementary hand calculations. There are a number of suggestions as to how some of the current programs may be improved. The SI system of units has been used throughout wherever practical. The main target market is practicing thermal design engineers. The book should also be useful to many other engineers who have to deal with heat exchangers particularly process engineers. The book is suitable for students on first degree and masters degree courses in engineering particularly those studying chemical engineering.

The subjects of the essays in this book range from looking at the ever changing means of specific garments and clothing practices of subcultural groups to examining dress as a reflection of changing life styles in American culture. The essays also examine fashions, fads, and popular images. "Dress and Popular Culture" hopes to shed new light on popular culture through a study of the associations of dress to culture.

Contributors and Acknowledgements: ADC Broadcast. Alcatel. Agilent(Hewlett Packard) Andrews Antennas. BBC. Barco. Baird. Boeing industries. Canon lenses. CPI-Eimac Dolby laboritories. E2V. Harris Broadcast. Hitachi-Denshi. Farnsworth. Ikegami. JVC. KDKA. Marconi. Marconi plc. NTL. nVision. Pace. Panasonic. Pixel Instruments(J.Cooper). Quantel. Sony. Tektronix. Thales multimedia. Thomson. Zworykin.