A concise and accessible guide to the knowledge required to fulfil the role of a welding inspector. In covering both European and US-based codes, the book gives those wishing to gain certification in welding inspection a basic all-round understanding of the main subject matter.
A concise and accessible guide to the knowledge required to fulfil the role of a welding inspectorCovers both European and US-based codesGives those wishing to gain certification in welding inspection a basic all-round understanding of the main subject matter

Fire and combustion presents a significant engineering challenge to mechanical, civil and dedicated fire engineers, as well as specialists in the process and chemical, safety, buildings and structural fields. We are reminded of the tragic outcomes of 'untenable' fire disasters such as at King's Cross underground station or Switzerland's St Gotthard tunnel. In these and many other cases, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is at the forefront of active research into unravelling the probable causes of fires and helping to design structures and systems to ensure that they are less likely in the future.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is routinely used as an analysis tool in fire and combustion engineering as it possesses the ability to handle the complex geometries and characteristics of combustion and fire. This book shows engineering students and professionals how to understand and use this powerful tool in the study of combustion processes, and in the engineering of safer or more fire resistant (or conversely, more fire-efficient) structures.
No other book is dedicated to computer-based fire dynamics tools and systems. It is supported by a rigorous pedagogy, including worked examples to illustrate the capabilities of different models, an introduction to the essential aspects of fire physics, examination and self-test exercises, fully worked solutions and a suite of accompanying software for use in industry standard modeling systems.
-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in engineering analysis; this is the only book dedicated to CFD modeling analysis in fire and combustion engineering
-Strong pedagogic features mean this book can be used as a text forgraduate level mechanical, civil, structural and fire engineering courses, while its coverage of the latest techniques and industry standard software make it an important reference for researchers and professional engineers in the mechanical and structural sectors, and by fire engineers, safety consultants and regulators
-Strong author team (CUHK is a recognized centre of excellence in fire eng) deliver an expert package for students and professionals, showing both theory and applications. Accompanied by CFD modeling code and ready to use simulations to run in industry-standard ANSYS-CFX and Fluent software.

Almost thirty years after the remarkable monograph of K. Zanio and the numerous conferences and articles dedicated since that time to CdTe and CdZnTe, after all the significant progresses in that field and the increasing interest in these materials for several extremely attractive industrial applications, such as nuclear detectors and solar cells, the edition of a new enriched and updated monograph dedicated to these two very topical II-VI semiconductor compounds, covering all their most prominent, modern and fundamental aspects, seemed very relevant and useful.

Detailed coverage of the main topics associated with the very topical II-VI semiconductor compound CdTe and its alloy CZT
Review of the CdTe recent developments
Fundamental background of many topics clearly introduced and exposed

The first edition of Food processing technology was quickly adopted as the standard text by many food science and technology courses. This completely revised and updated third edition consolidates the position of this textbook as the best single-volume introduction to food manufacturing technologies available. This edition has been updated and extended to include the many developments that have taken place since the second edition was published. In particular, advances in microprocessor control of equipment, minimal processing technologies, functional foods, developments in active or intelligent packaging, and storage and distribution logistics are described. Technologies that relate to cost savings, environmental improvement or enhanced product quality are highlighted. Additionally, sections in each chapter on the impact of processing on food-borne micro-organisms are included for the first time.
Introduces a range of processing techniques that are used in food manufacturingExplains the key principles of each process, including the equipment used and the effects of processing on micro-organisms that contaminate foodsDescribes post-processing operations, including packaging and distribution logistics"

Among the most interesting fields in research are the emerging possibilities to interface the human brain directly with machines, e.g. with computers and robotic interfaces. The European Space Agency's Advanced Concept team as a multidisciplinary team from engineering, artificial intelligence, and neural engineering has been working on the cutting edge of exploring brain machine interfaces for application in space as solutions to limitations astronauts face in space, and this book for the first time presents the state-of-the-art-cohesively.
* A pioneering book for a pioneering field
* Presents the application of cutting-edge brain machine interface technologies and concepts to support astronauts in space
* Of great interest to space scientists, neuroscientists, and biomedical engineers alike

This is the first book to bring together both the basic theory and proven process engineering practice of AFM. It is presented in a way that is accessible and valuable to practising engineers as well as to those who are improving their AFM skills and knowledge, and to researchers who are developing new products and solutions using AFM.

The book takes a rigorous and practical approach that ensures it is directly applicable to process engineering problems. Fundamentals and techniques are concisely described, while specific benefits for process engineering are clearly defined and illustrated. Key content includes: particle-particle, and particle-bubble interactions; characterization of membrane surfaces; the development of fouling resistant membranes; nanoscale pharmaceutical analysis; nanoengineering for cellular sensing; polymers on surfaces; micro and nanoscale rheometry.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an important tool for process engineers and scientists as it enables improved processes and productsThe only book dealing with the theory and practical applications of atomic force microscopy in process engineeringProvides best-practice guidance and experience on using AFM for process and product improvement

Due to the adverse stress conditions typical of olive cultivation in desert conditions, the olive tree is responding with production of high levels of antioxidant substances. Among these substances are polyphenols, tocopherols, and phytosterols. Studies have shown that saline irrigated varieties of olives have demonstrated advantages over those irrigated with tap water.
This is just one of the aspects of desert cultivation of olives that is covered in Desert Olive Oil Advanced Biotechnologies. Based on 20 years of research, the book expounds on the appropriate selection of olive varieties with high productivity and oil quality, the impact of foliar nutrition on decreasing alternate bearing and increasing fruit quality, improving efficiency of mechanical harvesting, and increasing efficiency of oil extraction and oil quality regulating analysis.

Key Features:

*Addresses olive cultivation methods for semi-arid environments

*Focuses on intensive cultivation using saline and municipal waste recycled irrigation water and their significant impact on the production and nutritional value of olive oil

*Integrated and multidisciplinary approaches providing a comprehensive view of the desert olive industry

*Provides key considerations including ecological, biotechnological, agricultural and political impacts

Levels of mycotoxin contamination in agricultural commodities are regulated in more than 100 countries, and exposure to these naturally occurring toxins presents serious risks to the health of humans and animals with negative impacts to commodity values. This symposium series book presents significant scientific developments in the multifaceted approach to reducing exposure to these naturally occurring toxins. A broad-spectrum of subject matter of the multidisciplinary field of mycotoxin research is conveniently compiled in this single volume, and general themes include prevention, control, exposure, molecular biology, biosynthesis, analytical methodology, and emerging techniques. The book opens with an overview of prevention of mycotoxin production by means of biological control and human exposure to contaminated foods, including tofu, apples, figs, and a broad range of fruits.
The second section focuses on molecular biological approaches to control mycotoxin exposure. Topics covered include genomic approaches, detoxification, structure-activity studies of biosynthetic precursors, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The success of these strategies is supported by the reduction of mycotoxin occurrence and incidence in foods. Accurate estimates of mycotoxin concentration in foods are important for food safety and wholesomeness.
The final section covers analytical approaches, including sampling plans for foods and dietary supplements, extraction efficiency of mycotoxins from naturally contaminated grains, traditional detection methods such as chromatography/mass spectrometry, and emerging techniques such as the use of molecularly imprinted polymers for purification and isolation and cyclodextrins for fluorescent enhancement of several mycotoxins.

In this completely rewritten Second Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition authors who are recognised international authorities in their field have addressed the major areas of trans fatty acids (TFA) research such as consumption, analysis, biochemistry, synthesis and natural TFA biosynthesis, health effects, food formulation, and also regulation and consumer perception. Each chapter contains the latest references and major advances and breakthroughs in a specific area of trans fatty acids research. Furthermore, the book also includes a discussion of a major issue - the health effects of the natural trans isomers, comparing their effects to those observed for TFA produced during hydrogenation.
The availability of so much information in a single volume will help to clarify the major effects of TFA in human nutrition that have been discovered over the last two decades. This book guides the next generation of scientists to the important opportunities for making further progress in this challenging field of research.
The First Edition of Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition carried out a very similar task for the state of our knowledge in the late 1990s but the rapid expansion and progress in the subject meant that it had to be completely re-written and expanded from the original nine to the present fifteen chapters of the Second Edition.

Spiralling fuel costs, frequent power cuts, 'energy wars' with fuel rich countries holding consumers to ransom - these are just some of the issues that are helping to ensure that microgeneration of power, at the individual building level, is becoming a more and more attractive option to 'grid power'.
In this book author Dave Parker describes the many and varied microgeneration options, from wind turbines and solar power to biomass and heatsinks, and even gives advice on how architects and developers can best access the increasingly large amount of government funding to help implement these strategies.
This book can help those in the building and construction industry to really make a difference in the fight against climate change, by explaining how to utilise the technology already within our reach.
* Comprehensive review of the latest technology available
* Shows how to assess/compare/combine the merits of the available systems
* Gives hard information on how to adopt appropriate microgeneration technology for a specific project

As the cleanest source of fossil energy with the most advantageous CO2 footprint, natural gas continues to increase its share in the global energy market. This book provides state-of-the-art contributions in the area of gas processing. Special emphasis is given to Liquified Natural Gas (LNG); the book also covers the following gas processing applications in parallel sessions:
* Natural Gas processing and treatment
* Gas To Power and water
* Gas To Liquid (GTL)
* Gas To Petrochemicals, including olefins, ammonia and methanol

* Provides a state-of-the-art review of gas processing technologies
* Covers design, operating tools, and methodologies
* Includes case studies and practical applications

Resource allocation in wireless networks is traditionally approached either through information theory or communications networks. To break down the barriers between these distinct approaches, this book (whose preparation is carried out under the auspices of the EC Network of Excellence in Wireless Communications NEWCOM++) bridges the physical and network layers by providing cross-layer resource allocation techniques, models and methodologies.
Cross-Layer Resource Allocation's unique approach allows optimisation of network resources and will enable engineers to improve signal quality, enhance network and spectrum utilization, increase throughput, and solve the problem of shadowing. Topics covered include different views of spectral efficiency, the role of spatial diversity, of delay in resource allocation, and possible extensions to OFDMA systems.
This will be an ideal reference on cross-layer resource allocation between the PHY and MAC layers for R&D and network design engineers and researchers in universities dealing with sensor networks and cognitive systems.
""This is a nice treatise on the cross-layer optimization of wireless systems. The authors offer a useful guide on a timely subject most relevant to future generation of wireless communications." - Lang Tong, Irwin and Joan Jacobs Professor in Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, USA"
""The authors have written a book that offers to researchers and practitioners a thorough and comprehensive overview, with a cross-layer perspective, of theory, models and methods related to resource allocation in multi-user wireless systems." - Professor Velio Tralli, University of FerraraCommunication Technologies Laboratory"
Ana I. Perez-Neira is Professor of Signal Theory and Communication at Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, and Research Associate at Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels (CTTC).
Marc Realp Campalans has worked as a Research Associate in the Access Technologies Area at CTTC since 2002.
* Gives a full description of the characteristics of the PHY layer that promote efficient resource allocation strategies
* Gives special emphasis on cross-layer design for spatial diversity schemes
* Provides a framework for interaction between the PHY and MAC layers, their parameters of performance and their relationship
* Presents resource allocation as a cross-layer design based on an optimization of MAC layer parameters with an accurate model of the PHY layer

Provides researchers and engineers with a complete set of modeling, design, and implementation tools for tackling the newest IC technologies

Revised and completely updated, "RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications, Second Edition" is a unique, state-of-the-art guide to wireless integrated circuit design that provides researchers and engineers with a complete set of modeling, design, and implementation tools for tackling even the newest IC technologies. It emphasizes practical design solutions for high-performance devices and circuitry, incorporating ample examples of novel and clever circuits from high-profile companies.

Complete with excellent appendices containing working models and CAD-based applications, this powerful one-stop resource: Covers the entire area of circuit design for wireless applicationsDiscusses the complete system for which circuits are designed as well as the device technologies on which the devices and circuits are basedPresents theory as well as practical issuesIntroduces wireless systems and modulation typesTakes a systematic approach that differentiates between designing for battery-operated devices and base-station design

"RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications, Second Edition "is an indispensable tool for circuit designers; engineers who design wireless communications systems; and researchers in semiconductor technologies, telecommunications, and wireless transmission systems.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) stands for an intriguing phenomenon in which a series of non-emissive molecules in solutions are induced to emit strongly in the aggregate or solid state. The concept of AIE was first coined by author Ben Zhong Tang in 2001, when he and his co-workers serendipitously discovered that 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole was almost non-emissive in ethanol solution but became extremely bright in water-ethanol mixtures. Over the past 15 years, AIE has grown into a research field with high visibility and broad impact across both science and technology. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Materials and Applications summarizes the recent advances in AIE research, ranging from fundamentals, such as design, synthesis, and optical properties of AIE-active molecules, to mechanism studies supported by modeling and experimental investigations, and further to promising applications in the fields of energy, environment, and biology. The topics covered in Volume 2 include: AIE polymers; AIE-induced chirogenesis; Room-temperature phosphorescent AIE molecules; Liquid crystalline AIE molecules; AIE materials for energy devices; New chemo- and biosensors with AIE molecules; Cell structure and function imaging with AIE molecules; and AIE materials in drug delivery and therapy.

The self-assembled nanostructured materials described in this book offer a number of advantages over conventional material technologies in a wide range of sectors. World leaders in the field of self-organisation of nanostructures review the current status of research and development in the field, and give an account of the formation, properties, and self-organisation of semiconductor nanostructures. Chapters on structural, electronic and optical properties, and devices based on self-organised nanostructures are also included.
Future research work on self-assembled nanostructures will connect diverse areas of material science, physics, chemistry, electronics and optoelectronics. This book will provide an excellent starting point for workers entering the field and a useful reference to the nanostructured materials research community. It will be useful to any scientist who is involved in nanotechnology and those wishing to gain a view of what is possible with modern fabrication technology.
Mohamed Henini is a Professor of Applied Physics at the University of Nottingham. He has authored and co-authored over 750 papers in international journals and conference proceedings and is the founder of two international conferences. He is the Editor-in-Chief of "Microelectronics Journal" and has edited three previous Elsevier books.
Key Features:
- Contributors are world leaders in the field
- Brings together all the factors which are essential in self-organisation of quantum nanostructures
- Reviews the current status of research and development in self-organised nanostructured materials
- Provides a ready source of information on a wide range of topics
- Useful to any scientist who is involved in nanotechnology
- Excellent starting point for workers entering the field
- Serves as an excellent reference manual

Large amounts of data obtained through environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 10 Asian countries and Australia have been compiled and explored using principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment. This book also includes descriptions and discussions of current governmental policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs in these countries.
* Compiles up-to-date sources, distributions, transport, and fates of highly concerned persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
* Presents exploratory examinations of the data guided by the principles of environmental chemistry, toxicology, and risk assessment
* Includes important context and insight regarding government policies, monitoring and surveillance programs, history of manufacturing and applications, emission sources, impacts on human health, and cross-boundary transport of POPs

Africa has been and continues to be a significant source of medicinal and aromatic plants and botanicals to the world's food, drug, herb and dietary supplement market, and in the past decade numerous African plant materials have established a strong international market presence. This book provides an excellent opportunity to delve into the current and future contributions that African plants can and will continue to make both internal to Africa and on the global stage. This book expertly covers various medicinal plants of African origin and the some of the latest basic and clinical research supporting their ongoing and potential uses in self-care and healthcare. This work also examines various issues and trends in medicinal plants from their uses in Traditional Medicine and ethnobotany, to our modern understanding of the plants chemistry and pharmacognosy, natural products chemistry and applications of medicinal plants, quality control, and models of benefit sharing.

When choosing the technology options to develop a wireless sensor network (WSN), it is vital that their performance levels can be assessed for the type of application intended. This book describes the different technology options - MAC protocols, routing protocols, localisation and data fusion techniques - and provides the means to numerically measure their performance, whether by simulation, mathematical models or experimental test beds. Case studies, based on the authors' direct experience of implementing wireless sensor networks, describe the design methodology and the type of measurements used, together with samples of the performance measurements attained.
The book will enable you to answer vital questions such as:
* How long will my network remain alive given the amount of sensing required of it?
* For how long should I set the sleeping state of my motes?
* How many sensors should I distribute to meet the expected requirements of the application?
* What type of throughput should I expect as a function of the number of nodes deployed and the radio interface chosen (whether it be Bluetooth or Zigbee)?
* How is the Packet Error Rate of my Zigbee motes affected by the selection of adjacent frequency sub bands in the ISM 2.4GHz band?
* How is the localisation precision dependant on the number of nodes deployed in a corridor?
Communications and signal processing engineers, researchers and graduate students working in wireless sensor networks will find this book an invaluable practical guide to this important technology.
""This book gives a proper balance between theory and application; it is a book for those R&D engineers that want to appreciate both why, how and in which domains Wireless Sensor Networks can be best applied."" - Fabio Bellifemine, Telecom Italia
""This book is a thorough and accessible exposition on wireless sensor networks with a good balance between theory and practice; it is valuable for both students and practicing engineers, and is an essential addition for engineering libraries."" - Professor Moe Win, Associate Professor at the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*Only book to examine wireless sensor network technologies and assess their performance capabilities against possible applications
*Enables the engineer to choose the technology that will give the best performance for the intended application
*Case studies, based on the authors' direct experience of implementing wireless sensor networks, describe the design methodology and the type of measurements used, together with samples of the performance measurements attained.

This book is based on a set of notes developed over many years for an introductory course taught to seniors and entering graduate students in materials science. An Introduction to Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics Relevant to Materials Science is about the application of thermodynamics and kinetics to solve problems within Materials Science. Emphasis is to provide a physical understanding of the phenomenon under discussion, with the mathematics presented as a guide.
The problems are used to provide practice in quantitative application of principles, and also to give examples of applications of the general subject matter to problems having current interest and to emphasize the important physical concepts.
End of chapter problems are included, as are references, and bibliography to reinforce the text. This book provides students with the theory and mathematics to understand the important physical understanding of phenomena.
* Based on a set of notes developed over many years for an introductory course taught to seniors and entering graduate students in materials science
* Provides students with the theory and mathematics to understand the important physical understanding of phenomena
* Includes end of chapter problems, references, and bibliography to reinforce the text

The book gives an in-depth study of the principles of the spread spectrum techniques and their applications in mobile communications. It starts with solid foundations in the digital communications that are essential to unequivocal understanding of the CDMA technology, and guides the reader through the fundamentals and characteristics of cellular CDMA communications.
Features include:
* A very clear and thorough description of the principles and applications of spread spectrum techniques in multi-user mobile communications.
* Matlab-based worked examples, exercises and practical sessions to clearly explain the theoretical concepts.
* An easy-to-read explanation of the air interface standards used in IS-95 A/B, cdma2000, and 3G WCDMA.
* Clear presentations of the high speed downlink and uplink packet access (HSDPA/HSUPA) techniques used in 3G WCDMA.
The book is a very suitable introduction to the principles of CDMA communications for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well researchers and engineers in industry who are looking to develop their expertise.
* A very clear and thorough description of the principles and applications of spread spectrum techniques in multi-user mobile communications.
* Matlab-based worked examples, exercises and practical sessions to clearly explain the theoretical concepts.
* An easy-to-read explanation of the air interface standards used in IS-95 A/B, cdma2000, and 3G WCDMA.
* Clear presentations of the high speed downlink and uplink packet access (HSDPA/HSUPA) techniques used in 3G WCDMA.

Cheese is a unique food product which requires a significant amount of scientific knowledge to be produced successfully. However, due to the many, complex and interrelated changes which occur during cheese manufacture and ripening, it is still not possible to guarantee the production of premium quality cheese. Written by an international team of renowned contributors, Cheese problems solved provides responses to over 200 of the most frequently asked questions about cheese and the cheese-making process, in a unique and practical question-and-answer format.
Opening chapters concentrate on queries regarding the preparation of cheese milk, the conversion of milk to curd, the ripening process, pathogens, cheese analysis and nutritional aspects of cheese amongst other issues. The latter half of the book discusses particular types of cheeses such as Cheddar, Grana-type cheeses, Mozzarella, Dutch-type, Swiss and Blue cheeses, to name but a few.
Edited by a leading expert and with contributions from specialists within the field, Cheese problems solved is an essential reference and problem solving manual for professionals and trainees in the cheese industry.
Provides responses to over 200 of the most frequently asked questions about cheese and the cheese-making processAn essential reference and problem solving manual for professionals and trainees in the cheese industryBenefit from the knowledge of leading specialists in the field

Chirality as an environmental phenomenon was dealt with in a thorough and interesting manner in a series of three symposia entitled "Modern Chiral Pesticides: Enantioselectivity and Its Consequences," sponsored by the Agrochemical Division of the American Chemical Society and held in Washington, DC (2005), Boston, MA (2007) and San Francisco, CA (2010). All three symposia included speakers from industry, government and academia, representing several European countries, China, and the United States. Corresponding to this broad group of countries, institutions and speakers, the range of topics touched on almost all facets of chirality as it is manifested in environmental and human exposure and toxicity. The 40 oral and 20 poster presentations indeed approached comprehensive coverage: analysis of enantiomers and other stereoisomers; preparative separation of enantiomers; stereoselective occurrences of chiral pesticides in environment soil and water and in wildlife and human tissues and fluids; stereoselective degradation and metabolism of chiral pesticides; and stereoselective toxicity.
This book is a result of manuscript contributions by some of the oral and poster presenters to the third symposium in 2010. In addition to symposium participants, invitations were extended to the environmental chiral chemistry community in general, including most of the speakers in the 2005 and 2007 symposia, in an attempt to attain good coverage of this rather broad topic. Thus, this ACS Symposium book will generate many new ideas from interested readers and inform them of useful techniques for experimental exploration of the somewhat exotic, but important, area of chiral chemistry of pesticides.

The primary objective of this work is to give the reader an understanding of stress wave behaviour while taking into account the dynamic constitutive equations of elastic-plastic solids. The author has combined a 'materials characteristics' approach with a 'singularity surface' approach in this work, which readers will find to be a novel and unique route to solving their problems.
* Helps engineers understand the effects and behavior of stress waves in various materials
* Aids in the process of engineering design, testing, and evaluation