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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Psychology
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and
theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology,
ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex
learning and problem solving. Each chapter provides a thoughtful
integration of a body of work. Volume 33 includes in its coverage
early symbol understanding and its use, word identification reflex,
and prospective memory.
Given medical advances and greater understanding of healthful
living habits, people are living longer lives. Proportionally
speaking, a greater percentage of the population is elderly.
Despite medical advances, there is still no cure for dementia, and
as elderly individuals succumb to Alzheimer's Disease or related
dementia, more and more people are having to care their elderly
parents and /or siblings. Profiles in Caregiving is practical
source of information for anyone who teaches caregiving, acts as a
caregiver, or studies caregiving.
Clinical Neuropsychology is an up-to-the minute overview of the
major and many interesting minor disorders and behavioral syndromes
caused by localized brain damage or abnormal brain functioning. The
text combines clinical findings with studies on normal, healthy
individuals to provide a comprehensive picture of the human brain's
operation and function. Biological rather than cognitive in
emphasis, Clinical Neuropsychology integrates findings across a
broad range of disciplines. This text serves as an up-to-date
reference source for clinicians, researchers, and graduate students
and as a textbook for advanced undergraduate courses on clinical
neuropsychology. Coverage includes the ramifications of localized
brain damage/abnormal brain functioning on emotion, thought,
language, and behavior, illustrative case histories, chapter
overviews, and more than 700 recent references.
Advances in the Study of Behavior continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes serve to foster cooperation and communication in these diverse fields.
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial
intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered
diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central
conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its
consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves as The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of
representation - that all representation has the nature of
encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, but The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is
proposed and examined.
This volume contains selected and edited papers from the 7th European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM 7) held in Durham, UK on August 31-September 3 1993. The volume is organized as follows: - Invited Lectures, Pursuit and Co-Ordination, Saccade and Fixation Control, Oculomotor Physiology, Clinical and Medical Aspects of Eye Movements, Eye Movements and Cognition, Eye Movements and Language and finally, Displays and Applications
Advances in Child Development and Behavior is intended to ease the task faced by researchers, instructors, and students who are confronted by the vast amount of research and theoretical discussion in child development and behavior. The serial provides scholarly technical articles with critical reviews, recent advances in research, and fresh theoretical viewpoints. Volume 25 offers perspectives on children's activity memory, spatial representation, social reasoning, and metacognitive development.
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter provides a thoughtful integration of a body of work. Volume 31 covers children's representations of groups, diagnostic reasoning in medical expertise, and object representation.
The field of neuropsychology has grown rapidly in recently years.
New developments have been of interest across disciplines to
cognitive, clinical, and experimental psychologists as well as
neuroscientists.
How do animals learn? By what means can animals be conditioned? This volume of the acclaimed Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition, reviews such basic models as Pavlovian conditioning as well as more modern models of animal memory and social cognition. Sure to represent a benchmark of a vast literature from diverse disciplines, this reference work is a useful addition to any library devoted to animal learning, conditioning behavior, and interaction.
Graphic displays such as charts, graphs, diagrams, and maps play in important role today in the design and presentation of instructional materials education. There is also a strong need in scientific, technical and administrative fields to visually present facts, laws, principles etc. The increasing use of computer-based learning environments has also become an important field where the visual presentation of information plays a central role. Despite the importance of graphical displays as a means of communication and the fact that research about learning and cognition has advanced rapidly in the past two decades, the comprehension of graphics is still a rather unexplored area. The comprehension of graphics is not only a stimulating topic in the fields of science and instructional psychology, but also in related disciplines such as semiotics, and artificial intelligence. Research on the comprehension of graphics complements the scientific investigation of cognitive processes in text comprehension, which has contributed much to our understanding of human cognition and learning. Ultimately, a better understanding of the cognitive processes involved in the comprehension of graphics will have an impact not only on cognitive theory, but also on educational practice.
Donald Kausler is one of the founding fathers of research on aging.
Internationally recognized, his efforts have formed the cornerstone
of research on how age affects memory and learning. Now, in one
comprehensive volume, Kausler condenses research findings in this
realm into one engaging and forthright book. What are the effects
of aging on classical and operant conditioning? How does age affect
memory capacity/transfer of learning skill acquisition? Kausler
addresses all of these issues and more in a clearly presented,
easily understood review of major research findings.
The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science brings together
elements of cognitive psychology, mathematics, perception,
linguistics, and artificial intelligence. Given this breadth,
textbooks have had difficulty providing balanced coverage-most
resort to disjointed edited treatises that prove difficult to
use.
This work is for upper-level undergraduates, academics and professionals in neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience.;It identifies how excitory and inhibitory messages in the human nervous system combine and coordinate to affect attention, cognition, memory, and language. Communication within the nervous systems involves the excitation and inhibition of neurons. How these processes interact to affect cognition and behavioral performance has been an area of ongoing investigation that is once again at the forefront of cognitive research. This volume brings together cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists to identify the neural evidence for inhibitory mechanisms in cognitive processing and discusses how these inhibitory mechanisms subsequently affect cognition and behavior.
Advances in the Study of Behavior continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes serve to foster cooperation and communication in these diverse fields. Volume 23 focuses on research on the lower vertebrates with respect to the functional significance of different breeding strategies, the level at which natural selection acts, methods of teasing apart the genetic control of behavior, the assumptions underlying models of territoriality, and signalling systems and the sensory mechanisms on which they depend.
This volume contains selected papers from the 10th Interdisciplinary Workshop in Informatics and Psychology which had as its theme Cognitive Aspects in Visual Languages and Interfaces. Visual languages in general, visual programming languages in particular, and graphical or visual user interfaces are increasingly regarded as important improvements for the interaction between people and artifacts. Visual and graphical user interfaces have already a history of a number of years in terms of research and development. The focus on visual languages and visual programming languages, however, is more recent. The development of graphical user interfaces was accompanied and reinforced by psychological research but visual languages are still mainly inventions of designers and not designed on the basis of principles derived also from knowledge of psychology or other behavioral sciences. The presentations and discussions at the workshop showed increasing interest in paradigms of visual languages and their psychological foundation. Visual languages and interfaces must be seen as means to support and enhance represention, application and processing knowledge visually. The study of the cognitive aspects in visual languages and interfaces is thus an important part of Human-Computer Interaction as a discipline "concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computer systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them" (definition of HCI in the ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer Interaction). This book will stimulate future research in the area of Human-Computer Interaction and Visual Languages.
This volume aims to contribute to the integration of three traditions that have remained separate in psychology. Specifically, the developmental, the psychometric, and the cognitive tradition. In order to achieve this aim, the text deals with these three aspects of human knowing that have been the focus of one or more of the three traditions for many years. Answers are provided to questions such as the following: What is common to intelligence, mind, and reasoning? What is specific to each of these three aspects of human knowing? How does each of them affect the functioning and development of the other? The chapters are organized into two parts. Part I focuses on
intelligence and mind and has reasoning at the background. The
papers in this part present new theories and methods that
systematically attempt to bridge psychometric theories of
intelligence with theories of cognitive development or information
processing theories. Part II focuses on mind and reasoning and has
intelligence at the background. The papers in this part develop
models of reasoning and attempt to show how reasoning interacts
with mind and intelligence. Two discussion chapters are also
included. These highlight the convergences and the divergences of
the various traditions as represented in the book.
A dynamical system refers to any fluctuating system in which the elements interact in complex, often non-linear ways to form coherent patterns. Many systems once thought to be chaotic are in fact dynamical systems whose interaction of elements and feedback processes are only now beginning to be understood. Hence dynamical systems is sometimes referred to as "chaos theory." This metatheory has proved useful in understanding phenomenon in meteorology, population biology, chemistry, statistical mechanics, economics, and cosmology. The book demonstrates how the dynamical system perspective can be brought to bear on social psychological research in explaining such complex phenomenon as social relations, attitudes, social cognition, and interpersonal behavior.
This volume presents a variety of studies relating to the reach to grasp movement and provides a necessary and valuable contribution to the field of motor control. The professions covered in this book range from those interested in the basic sciences to those more interested in practical application. Neurophysiologists and biomechanists join with therapists and neural modelers to present an extensive overview of current developments. Evolutionary and developmental aspects are included together with descriptions of how this movement is affected by central nervous system damage. Purely theoretical aspects of the motor control of this movement are interspersed with treatment applications and robotics.
With a long-standing tradition for excellence, this series is a collection of quality papers that are widely read by researchers in cognitive and experimental psychology. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline.
This is a comprehensive, interpretive account of aphasia written to
appeal to a broad audience. It combines historical, anatomic, and
psychological approaches toward understanding the nature of
aphasia. Included is a discussion of the brain-language
relationship, the symptoms and syndromes common to aphasia, and
alternative approaches to classification.
While the main source of knowledge of human cognition has come from studies of information processing in a single culture, primarily within the U.S. or within certain countries in Europe, much research has also been conducted in other parts of the world. Can the study of cognition across cultures lead us to interesting conclusions about human cognition in general? Surely any general theory of language processing, for example, must be able to explain phenomena observed across cultures and not just within a single one. This book is an attempt to look at this issue of universals in thinking and understanding by providing a compendium of cross cultural investigations in the four major areas of cognitive psychology: (1) memory and knowledge representation, (2) language processing, (3) perception, and (4) reasoning and problem solving. The differences found across cultures are also fascinating and extremely informative. A final chapter provides a summary of the major findings reported in each of these areas. The chapters included in this work were written for those interested in cross-cultural psychology and also those with an interest in cultural anthropology. The authors are well-known in the areas of cross-cultural psychology, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. However, the reader need not be an expert in any one of these fields to understand the conclusions and implications of the work reported here.
The simple task of grasping objects has been studied for centuries by scientists, therapists and engineers who have tried to understand and duplicate the versatility of the human hand. Using an interdisciplinary approach and new framework for looking at prehension, the authors uncover the subleties of the amazing interaction between the hand and the brain. They draw from such diverse fields as experimental psychology, kinesiology, robotics, neural networks, artificial intelligence, neuropsychology and rehabilitation. A triangle strategy is presented, starting from conceptual models that suggest both experimental and computational models. Chapters describe the multiple postures established by the hand, phases in the dynamic process of reaching for, grasping and manipulating various objects, and the constraints acting on such activity. Appendices provide the complete anatomy of the upper limb, the basics of computational modelling, and the fundamentals of prosthetic and dextrous robot hands. The ultimate goal of this book is to develop a common vocabularly for multidisciplinary researchers who strive to understand a system as complex as the hand under the control of the human brain.
The objective of the series has always been to provide a forum in which leading contributors to an area can write about significant bodies of research in which they are involved. The operating procedure has been to invite contributions from interesting, active investigators, and then allow them essentially free rein to present their perspectives on important research problems. The result of such invitations over the past two decades has been collections of papers which consist of thoughtful integrations providing an overview of a particular scientific problem. The series has a tradition of high quality papers and is widely read bv researchers in cognitive and experimental psychology.;This volume in the series includes topics such as: models of data- driven category learning and processing; data-driven and theory-driven processing and processing models, and concepts, category boundaries and conceptual combination.
This book aims to reverse the bias shown in research literature
concerning the decline of information processing abilities with
age. Twenty chapters identify areas of limited or no decline in
cognitive functioning with respect to rate of information
processing, attentional capacity, object perception, word
perception, language comprehension, learning, memory, and
problem-solving. These findings attest to the imbalance of previous
published research, presenting a fairer portrayal of the aged mind.
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