The past ten years have witnessed intense research on the function of orbitofrontal cortex. As a result, the orbitofrontal cortex has been assigned roles in a number of human behaviors and emotions, from tasks such as assessing economic value and making decisions to the emotional states of regret and uncertainty. Orbitofrontal dysfunction has also been implicated in a variety of human disease states, including addiction, depression and bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and attention deficit disorders.

Despite an enormous increase in our knowledge about this region, we still do not have an account of the contributions that the orbitofrontal cortex makes across different circuits to support human behavior, nor do we understand how changes in this structure or its connectivity may contribute to disease states. This volume explores areas of research are critical to move the field beyond a circuit-centric view of the orbitofrontal cortex to define the roles this area plays in human behavior and mental health. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http: //ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632.

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In Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine, the great nineteenth-century French neurologist Duchenne de Boulogne combined his intimate knowledge of facial anatomy with his skill in photography and expertise in using electricity to stimulate individual facial muscles to produce a fascinating interpretation of the ways in which the human face portrays emotions. This book was pivotal in the development of psychology and physiology as it marked the first time that photography had been used to illustrate, and therefore "prove," a series of experiments. Duchenne's book, which contained over 100 original photographic prints pasted into an accompanying Album, was rare, even when it first appeared in 1862. Duchenne was a superb clinical neurologist and in this study he applied his enormous experience in neurological research to the question of the mechanism of human facial expression. Duchenne has been little cited and little known in this century; his book has been virtually unobtainable, and copies are available in only a few libraries in the United States and Europe.

Containing a selection of teaching tools for general anatomy and pathology, this work, with flip charts, offers an overview and understanding of the subject matter. It is useful for student or patient education. It is suitable for the home, the school library, or the physicians office and can be written on by a dry marker.

This concise introduction to the gastrointestinal system encapsulates the fundamental facts and principles of this rapidly growing and changing specialty. Written by experienced clinicians and teachers, the text covers the basic concepts of both the science surrounding the gastrointestinal system and the basics of clinical practice in an accessible, lucid format. Now fully supported by a companion website at www.ataglanceseries.com/gastro containing interactive MCQs and downloadable digital flashcards, The Gastrointestinal System at a Glance is the ideal revision aid for medical and allied health students, and provides valuable insight for anyone seeking a comprehensive and concise guide to this subject area. * Fully revised and updated to include further coverage of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, revised liver chapters and a new chapter on embryology * Now in full colour throughout * Supported by a companion website containing interactive self-assessment and digital flashcards - perfect for both study and revision * Provides an integrated approach to both the basic and clinical science of this core specialty

Because of developments in powerful computer technology, computational techniques, advances in a wide spectrum of diverse technologies, and other advances coupled with cross disciplinary pursuits between technology and its greatly significant applied implications in human body processes, the field of biomechanics is evolving as a broadly significant area. This Third Volume presents the advances in widely diverse areas with significant implications for human betterment that occur continuously at a high rate. These include dynamics of musculo-skeletal systems; mechanics of hard and soft tissues; mechanics of muscle; mechanics of bone remodeling; mechanics of implant-tissue interfaces; cardiovascular and respiratory biomechanics; mechanics of blood flow, air flow, flow-prosthesis interfaces; mechanics of impact; dynamics of man machine interaction; and numerous other areas. The great breadth and depth of the field of biomechanics on the international scene requires at least four volumes for adequate treatment. These four volumes constitute a well integrated set that can be utilized as individual volumes. They provide a substantively significant and rather comprehensive, in-depth treatment of biomechanic systems and techniques that is most surely unique on the international scene.

The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Pancreatic Embryology and Development / Digestive Enzymes / Water and Ion Secretion from the Pancreatic Ductal System / Regulation of Whole-Organ Pancreatic Secretion / Measurement of Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion in Humans / Clinical Application of Knowledge of Pancreatic Physiology / Summary / References

In Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine, the great nineteenth-century French neurologist Duchenne de Boulogne combined his intimate knowledge of facial anatomy with his skill in photography and expertise in using electricity to stimulate individual facial muscles to produce a fascinating interpretation of the ways in which the human face portrays emotions. This book was pivotal in the development of psychology and physiology as it marked the first time that photography had been used to illustrate, and therefore "prove," a series of experiments. Duchenne's book, which contained over 100 original photographic prints pasted into an accompanying Album, was rare, even when it first appeared in 1862. Duchenne was a superb clinical neurologist and in this study he applied his enormous experience in neurological research to the question of the mechanism of human facial expression. Duchenne has been little cited and little known in this century; his book has been virtually unobtainable, and copies are available in only a few libraries in the United States and Europe.

Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 147

The hand is a remarkable organ which is characteristic of primates and most highly developed in man. This book deals with the evolution and development of hand function, with the structure of the hand and with the hand as a perceptual system. Neurophysiology and psychology of hand function are included, as are problems of disability. With expert interdisciplinary contributions from around the world, this wide-ranging overview is sure to be of value to all those interested in hand function, development, pathology and therapy.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Gain a complete understanding of the functioning of the gastrointestinal system with this concise, engagingly written textGastrointestinal Physiology explains the operation and performance of one of the body's most crucial systems. Using clear, compelling language, the book's presentation makes it easy to absorb the content andintegrate it as you learn the physiology of other bodilysystems. Written to help you understand essential conceptsrather than merely memorize facts, this unique textexamines many medically relevant facets of this important body system, including anatomy, pathophysiology, andtherapeutics, in concert with physiological information. FEATURES: Provides a thorough review of core concepts and highlights clinical application Covers the physiologic principles needed to understand and treat patients with digestive and liver diseases Includes clinical examples that link basic science with the practice of medicine Incorporates new information on emerging topics such as the communication between the intestine and central nervous system that controls food intake, the myriad rolesnewly ascribed to the intestinal microbiota, contemporary approaches to therapy for a number of GI maladies, and the role of the gut in obesity Enhanced by valuable learning aids such as study questions, learning objectives, key concepts, numerous illustrations and charts, and recommended readings

Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. * Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications * Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms * Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: * robot navigation and object selection * image and video quality assessment * image and video coding * Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms

Olfaction and its relation to mental health is an area of growing interest, evidenced by the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine being awarded for discoveries relating to odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. Olfaction is of particular interest to specialists seeking a fuller understanding of schizophrenia, as clear deficits in the sense of smell could predict schizophrenia in apparently unaffected individuals. In this timely book, Warrick Brewer and his team of experts set out our current understanding of olfaction and mental health, relating it to broader principles of neural development and processing as a foundation for understanding psychopathology. The neuropathological, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric aspects of olfactory function and disfunction are all covered (drawing on the latest neuroimaging techniques where appropriate), and indications for future research and applications are discussed. This will be a source of state-of-the art information and inspiration to all mental health professionals.

The progression of heart disease is associated with changes in the neurohumoral mechanisms that control cardiac function. The degree to which this neurohumoral remodelling occurs, even before overt signs of cardiac disease become manifest, is important for prognosis. To determine why some patients experience sudden death while others sustain life in the presence of severely compromised cardiac function, the neuronal control of cardiac electrical and mechanical events must be considered. Starting at the level of individual neurons and building upwards, this book describes the synergistic interactions that occur among intrathoracic and CNS feedback loops to permit precise control of regional cardiac behaviour. On this basic science foundation, subsequent clinical chapters explore the remodelling that occurs in this system with ageing, with the evolution of specific cardiac pathologies, and with the psychological concomitants of heart disease. Most importantly, these chapters provide unique insights into how specific therapies like beta-andrenergic receptor blockade not only affect cardiomyocytes directly but also mitigate the adverse neurohumoral changes that accompany disease processes, such as heart failure and essential hypertension. The paradigm advanced in this volume is that heart disease is a multifaceted phenomenon involving the interplay of neurohumoral, cardiomyocyte and structural elements, each of which depends on the other. With our cumulative understanding of these interdependent processes, new avenues for time-appropriate, targeted methods of treating heart diseases can be developed.

Contents:
1. The Brain, a Putative Source and Target of DHEA 2. DHEA Metabolites During the Life Span 3. Postulated Roles of DHEA in the Decline of Neural Function With Age 3. Postulated Roles of DHEA in the Decline of Neural Function With Age 4. DHEA: Hormone of Youth and Resilience - Still a Maverick 5. DHEA Effects on Liver 6. DHEA and Brain Development 7. DHEA Metabolism in the Brain: Production and Effects of the 7a-hydroxylated Derivative 8. DHEA: Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function in the Central Nervous System 9. Cross-talk Between DHEA and Neuropeptides 10. DHEA Effects on Human behaviour and Psychiatric Illness 11. Effects of DHEA on Diabetes Mellitus 12. The Clinician's View of DHEA: An Overview 13. DHEA Replacement and Cognition in Healthy Elderly Humans

This book provides accurate information about the scientific rationale for an increase of attention of clinicians towards the mechanisms involved in hypertension, a pathology in which it is difficult to reach optimal efficacy with the currently used treatments. The book will appeal to medical students, basic science students and biomedical researchers, as well non-medical professionals interested in this field.