In the absence of a widely accepted and common definition of social enterprise (SE), a large research project, the "International Comparative Social Enterprise Models" (ICSEM) Project, was carried out over a five-year period; it involved more than 200 researchers from 55 countries and relied on bottom-up approaches to capture the SE phenomenon. This strategy made it possible to take into account and give legitimacy to locally embedded approaches, thus resulting in an analysis encompassing a wide diversity of social enterprises, while simultaneously allowing for the identification of major SE models to delineate the field on common grounds at the international level. These SE models reveal or confirm an overall trend towards new ways of sharing the responsibility for the common good in today's economies and societies. We tend to consider as good news the fact that social enterprises actually stem from all parts of the economy. Indeed, societies are facing many complex challenges at all levels, from the local to the global level. The diversity and internal variety of SE models are a sign of a broadly shared willingness to develop appropriate although sometimes embryonic-responses to these challenges, on the basis of innovative economic/business models driven by a social mission. In spite of their weaknesses, social enterprises may be seen as advocates for and vehicles of the general interest across the whole economy. Of course, the debate about privatisation, deregulation and globalised market competition-all factors that may hinder efforts in the search for the common good-has to be addressed as well. The second of a series of four ICSEM books, Social Enterprise in Latin America will serve as a key reference and resource for teachers, researchers, students, experts, policy makers, journalists and other categories of people who want to acquire a broad understanding of the phenomena of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship as they emerge and develop across the world.

Contents:
1. Introduction 2. The Pharmaceutical Development Process 3. The Medical Device Development Process 4. Functions and Types of CRO's (referencing function listings in appendices) 5. Selection of CRO 6. Pricing and Cost 7. Monitoring Work 8. Common Problems and their Solutions

Given the near-silence in technological and business history about post-World War II socialist enterprises, this book gives voice to a generation of Communist China's managers, entrepreneurs, cadres, and workers from the Liberation to the early 1970s. Using recently-opened online archival resources, it details and assesses the course of technical and organizational experimentation at state-owned, cooperative, and private enterprises as the PRC strove to construct a socialist economy through trial-and-error initiatives. Core questions treated are: How did Chinese enterprises operate, evolve, experiment, improvise and adjust during the PRC's first generation? What technological initiatives were crucial to these processes, necessarily developed with limited expertise and thin financial resources? How could constructing "socialism with Chinese characteristics" have helped lay foundations for the post-1980 "Chinese miracle," as the PRC confidently entered the 21st century while Soviet and Central European socialisms crumbled? And what might current-day Western managers and entrepreneurs learn from Chinese practice and performance a half-century ago? Readers can anticipate a granular, bottom-up analysis of how businesses worked day-to-day in a planned economy, how enterprise practices and technological strategies shifted during the first postwar generation, how managers and technicians emerged after the capitalist exodus, how organizations experimented and adapted, and how the controversies and convulsions of the PRC's early decades fashioned durable technical and organizational capabilities.

This open access book explores supply chains strategies to help companies face challenges such as societal emergency, digitalization, climate changes and scarcity of resources. The book identifies industrial scenarios for the next decade based on the analysis of trends at social, economic, environmental technological and political level, and examines how they may impact on supply chain processes and how to design next generation supply chains to answer these challenges. By mapping enabling technologies for supply chain innovation, the book proposes a roadmap for the full implementation of the supply chain strategies based on the integration of production and logistics processes. Case studies from process industry, discrete manufacturing, distribution and logistics, as well as ICT providers are provided, and policy recommendations are put forward to support companies in this transformative process.

This book is a selection of the most relevant contributions to the LCM 2011 conference in Berlin. The material explores scientific and practical solutions to incorporating life cycle approaches into strategic and operational decision making. There are several sections addressing methodological topics such as LCSM approaches, methods and tools, while more application-oriented sections deal with the implementation of these approaches in relevant industrial sectors including agriculture and food, packaging, energy, electronics and ICT, and mobility.

Develop a more systematic, human-centered, results-oriented thought process Design Thinking is the Product Development and Management Association's (PDMA) guide to better problem solving and decision-making in product development and beyond. The second in the New Product Development Essentials series, this book shows you how to bridge the gap between the strategic importance of design and the tactical approach of design thinking. You'll learn how to approach new product development from a fresh perspective, with a focus on systematic, targeted thinking that results in a repeatable, human-centered problem-solving process. Integrating high-level discussion with practical, actionable strategy, this book helps you re-tool your thought processes in a way that translates well beyond product development, giving you a new way to approach business strategy and more. Design is a process of systematic creativity that yields the most appropriate solution to a properly identified problem. Design thinking disrupts stalemates and brings logic to the forefront of the conversation. This book shows you how to adopt these techniques and train your brain to see the answer to any question, at any level, in any stage of the development process. * Become a better problem-solver in every aspect of business * Connect strategy with practice in the context of product development * Systematically map out your new product, service, or business * Experiment with new thought processes and decision making strategies You can't rely on old ways of thinking to produce the newest, most cutting-edge solutions. Product development is the bedrock of business whether your "product" is a tangible object, a service, or the business itself and your approach must be consistently and reliably productive. Design Thinking helps you internalize this essential process so you can bring value to innovation and merge strategy with reality.

Innovation contributes to corporate competitiveness, economic performance and environmental sustainability. In the Internet era, innovation intelligence is transferred across borders and languages at an unprecedented rate, yet the ability to benefit from it seems to become more divergent among different corporations and countries. How much an organization can benefit from innovation largely depends on how well innovation is managed in it. Thus, there is a discernible increase in interest in the study of innovation management. This handbook provides a comprehensive guide to this subject. The handbook introduces the basic framework of innovation and innovation management. It also presents innovation management from the perspectives of strategy, organization and resource, as well as institution and culture. The book's comprehensive coverage on all areas of innovation management makes this a very useful reference for anyone interested in the subject. Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315276670

This book describes and evaluates how institutional innovation and technological innovation have impacted on humanity from pre-historical times to modern times, and how societies have been transformed in history. The author interrogates the relationship between innovation and civilisation -- particularly the dynamic whereby innovation leads to empire-building -- and explores innovation efforts that stimulated economic and social synergies from the Babylonian Empire in 1900 BC up to the British Empire in the twentieth century. The author uses historical cross-cultural case studies to establish the factors which have given competitive advantages to societies and empires. This book will be of interest to researchers and students in political economy, economic history, economic growth and innovation economics.

Investors and managers of major projects know how often they result in cost overruns and schedule delays. Risk Navigation Strategies for Major Capital Projects builds on conventional best practice to provide a risk-based view of current practices for planning and executing large international projects. As economies of scale continue to drive projects to ever-higher levels of scope and complexity, new thinking about strategy and risk is required. Since major projects are highly exposed to external risks, the traditional view of predictability as something that can be mandated and ensured by rigorous application of conventional best practice has become a myth. Fresh thinking is required to manage projects today, and this book provides a framework for taking project management best practice to the next level. Risk Navigation Strategies for Major Capital Projects is intended for executives investing in major projects, project leaders and managers, as well as those with a teaching or research interest in project and risk management.

This reference/text outlines best practices and demonstrates how to de Second Edition discusses Internet issues, electronic commerce, and sup Providing a working knowledge of critical techniques and terminology U pdating the landmark first edition (currently in its fourth printing), Product Development and Design for Manufacturing, Second Edition is a proven multidisciplinary reference for quality and reliability, mecha nical, electrical, design, manufacturing, industrial, aerospace, and n uclear engineers, and technical managers, and an ideal text for upper- level undergraduate and graduate management and engineering students.

This book employs a multidisciplinary and multi-level perspective to understand how well-being and resilience can influence innovation in knowledge-intensive contexts. Building on the authors' work in the areas of innovation management, human resource management and the psychological aspects of employee well-being, rich empirical data is presented and analysed in order to develop a conceptual framework. An interdisciplinary and insightful read for those studying HRM, innovation and psychology, this book is aimed at scholars who are interested in examining the relationships between micro- (individual) and meso-level (organisational and managerial practices) influences on innovation outcomes.

The integration of technological innovations, such as In-Memory Analytics, Cloud Computing, Mobile Connectivity, and Social Media, with business practice can enable significant competitive advantage. In order to embrace recent challenges and changes in the governance of IT strategies, SAP and its think tank - the Business Transformation Academy (BTA) - have jointly developed the Digital Capability Framework (DCF). Digital Enterprise Transformation: A Business-Driven Approach to Leveraging Innovative IT by Axel Uhl and Lars Alexander Gollenia outlines the DCF which comprises six specific capabilities: Innovation Management, Transformation Management, IT Excellence, Customer Centricity, Effective Knowledge Worker, and Operational Excellence. In cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Queensland University of Technology (Australia), University of Liechtenstein (Principality of Liechtenstein), and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), SAP and the BTA have been validating each capability and the corresponding maturity models based on analyzing several 'lighthouse' case studies comprising: SAMSUNG, IBM, Finanz Informatik, The Walt Disney Company, Google Inc., HILTI AG. Digital Enterprise Transformation presents how these companies take advantage of innovative IT and how they develop their digital capabilities. On top the authors also develop and present a range of novel yet hands-on Digital Use Cases for a number of different industries which have emerged from innovative technological trends such as: Big Data, Cloud Computing, 3D Printing and Internet of Things.

As technology evolves, it can be difficult to maintain a competitive edge. The management of intangible resources like competence, relationships, brands, processes and systems becomes increasingly important in such a world. Intellectual Capital as a Management Tool reviews the evidence to demonstrate where the intellectual capital view of the firm has made major contributions. The book introduces an updated version of the Intellectual Capital Navigator as an operational tool to help managers maximise value generation from an organisations portfolio of diverse resources. This tool is the only tool that enables organisations to use the resource based view of the firm in an operational way. The book also discusses future developments of the Intellectual Capital Navigator, increasing its precision around the financial aspects of the organisation. The book has broad application across all types of organisations and in all operating environments and is vital reading for managers who want to understand and exploit the importance of managing intellectual capital.

This book examines the implications of new trends of globalisation in corporate research and development. It looks in particular at aspects of integration in developing countries and the impact this will have on the host countries.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203160533

As industries adopt consumer-focused product development strategies, they should offer broader product ranges in shorter design times and the processes that can manufacture in arbitrary lot sizes. In addition, they would need to apply state-of-the-art methods and tools to easily conduct early product design and development trade-off analysis among competing objectives. Methods in Product Design: New Strategies in Reengineering supplies insights into the methods and techniques that enable implementing a consumer-focused product design philosophy by integrating design and development capabilities with intelligent computer-based systems. The book defines customer focused design and discusses ways to assess changing demands and sources, and delves into what is needed to successfully manufacture goods in a demanding market. It reviews proven methods for assessing customer need. Then, after showing how changing needs impact the reengineering of products, it explains how change can be efficiently achieved. It details how IT advances and technology support customer-focused product development, discusses cutting-edge mass customization principles that maximize cost-effective production, and illustrates how to implement effective predictive maintenance policies. Methods in Product Design: New Strategies in Reengineering provides methods, state-of-the-art technologies, and new strategies for customer-focused product design and development that allow organizations to quickly respond to the demanding global marketplace.

As technology evolves, it can be difficult to maintain a competitive edge. The management of intangible resources like competence, relationships, brands, processes and systems becomes increasingly important in such a world. Intellectual Capital as a Management Tool reviews the evidence to demonstrate where the intellectual capital view of the firm has made major contributions. The book introduces an updated version of the Intellectual Capital Navigator as an operational tool to help managers maximise value generation from an organisations portfolio of diverse resources. This tool is the only tool that enables organisations to use the resource based view of the firm in an operational way. The book also discusses future developments of the Intellectual Capital Navigator, increasing its precision around the financial aspects of the organisation. The book has broad application across all types of organisations and in all operating environments and is vital reading for managers who want to understand and exploit the importance of managing intellectual capital.

Responsible Research and Innovation provides a comprehensive and impartial overview of the European Commission's Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework, including discussion of both the meaning and aims of the concept, and of its practical application. As a governance framework for research and innovation, RRI involves four key perspectives: ethical, economic/business, legal and governance and political. The book is organised into chapters covering these different dimensions. The authors provide different viewpoints on these aspects, in order to offer guidance from experts in the field, while at the same time acknowledging the interpretative openness of the RRI frameworks.

This edited collection is a uniquely positioned contribution of interrelated research papers about global business value transformations in both offline and online (digital) worlds. With chapters spanning multiple business disciplines such as strategy, organizational behavior and e-commerce, this book explores the impact of cross-cultural issues, characteristics and challenges with regard to global value innovations. The authors analyze the effects of institutional and regulatory change on international marketing and management from both traditional and digital perspectives, providing concepts and cases for students and academics.

This compendium of product design methods focuses on functional, aesthetically pleasing, mechanically reliable, and easily made products that improve profitability for manufacturers and provide long-term satisfaction for customers. Offers concrete, practical insight immediately applicable to new product design and development projects A useful resource for practicing design and manufacturing professionals who wish to improve their products and their realization processes, Product Design Methods and Practices integrates fundamental engineering design principles with management "best practices" discusses modern design techniques, including design for assembly, analytical optimization, the Taguchi method, and probabilistic design presents numerous case studies and practical examples to illustrate design methods and concepts considers the complex interplay between product performance, product quality, and manufacturing productivity clarifies how to design for cost, quality, and delivery provides original design methods such as process-driven design, manufacturability improvement, standardization and rationalization, and design review checklist emphasizes basing design requirements on customer need stresses the importance of predicting and preventing failure to ensure reliability and durability describes how robustness is achieved by designing products to be tolerant of change and variation in manufacturing, operating, and business conditions shows that low life-cycle cost is attained by designing products to be easily manufactured, assembled, tested, serviced, and maintained and more Organized into concise, self-contained chapters that can be read and applied independently, Product Design Methods and Practices is an essential guide for mechanical, manufacturing, automotive, industrial and product design engineers; production and quality control specialists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these

The fourth industrial revolution is developing globally, with no geographical centre. It is also taking place at enormous speed. This development will shape the workplaces of the future, which will be entirely different from the workplaces created by the first, second and third industrial revolutions. Industry created the industrial worker. The knowledge society will create a new type of "industrial worker", the knowledge worker. While the third industrial revolution was concerned with the digitalization of work, in the fourth industrial revolution, robots will bring about the informatization of work. Many of these robots will be systematically connected, such that they can obtain updated information and learn from their own and others' mistakes. The way we work, where we work, what we work on, and our relationships with our colleagues and employers are all in a state of change. The workplace of the future will not necessarily be a fixed geographical location, but may be geographically distributed and functionally divided. In his book, Jon-Arild Johannessen argues that a "perfect" social storm occurs when inequality grows at a catastrophic rate, unemployment increases, job security is threatened for a growing number and robotization takes over even the most underpaid jobs. Thus, the ingredients for a perfect social storm will be brought forward by cascades of innovations that will most likely lead to economic and social crises and he argues that it is reasonable to assume that it will only take a small spark for this social storm to develop into a social revolution.

Successful innovation is a true challenge and especially when today's companies are intertwined in close inter-organisational relationships and networks with e.g. customers and suppliers. Research has indicated that accounting can play important roles in such innovation processes, but there is little in-depth systematic knowledge about this issue. Accounting, Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships gathers leading researchers from all around the world to argue for the importance of more systematic knowledge about accounting, innovation and inter-organisational relationships. Accounting, Innovation and Inter-Organisational Relationships thus becomes an important source for researchers and practitioners interested in accounting and inter-organisational relationships as well as the related disciplines of management, marketing, innovation and strategy.

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), combined with greater heterogeneity not only online in cloud computing architectures but across the cloud-to-edge continuum, is introducing new challenges for managing applications and infrastructure across this continuum. The scale and complexity is simply so complex that it is no longer realistic for IT teams to manually foresee the potential issues and manage the dynamism and dependencies across an increasing inter-dependent chain of service provision. This Open Access Pivot explores these challenges and offers a solution for the intelligent and reliable management of physical infrastructure and the optimal placement of applications for the provision of services on distributed clouds. This book provides a conceptual reference model for reliable capacity provisioning for distributed clouds and discusses how data analytics and machine learning, application and infrastructure optimization, and simulation can deliver quality of service requirements cost-efficiently in this complex feature space. These are illustrated through a series of case studies in cloud computing, telecommunications, big data analytics, and smart cities.

Originally published in 1972, this book examines ten major areas of innovation with a view to seeing what factors have contributed to success or failure. In each field 3 or 4 companies have been compared - from Britain, the USA and Europe. The book analyses and studies the results and discusses conclusions on the distinctive role of the small and large firm. It includes recommendations for governemnt policy on procurement and industrial structures.

Originally published in 1973 this book applies economic analysis to scientific research and to industrial reserch and development and analyses the interactions between these activities and economic activities in general. The book begins by looking at the relationships between science and technology and then: Analyses research and development in manufacturing industry Explains the different levels of expenditure in research and development in different industries and the role of such expenditure in the growth of firms Looks at the distribution of science and technology expenditure Discusses the international transfer of technology The book draws on evidence from several fields of study and imposes a theme upon the variety of evidence.

Originally published in 1985 this book looks at the way in which some businesses in high technology manufacturing industry have organised their structures and processes in order to manage product innovation effectively. Including detailed case studies of both British and American companies, the book gives examples of both effective and less effective practices. The author puts forward a general framework of good practice for the benefit of both practitioners and business studies students.