Risk is the effect of uncertainty on the ability of an organization to meet its strategic objectives. The effects of uncertainty are expressed as opportunities and threats. Yet, most people associate risk with hazards and losses (i.e., pure risk). Unlike pure risk, uncertainty risk is not insurable because of its upside risk opportunities. Risk management is a key element of the open-sourced, high-level structure developed by the International Organization for Standardization. This structure for managing important organizational programs has been adopted by over 180 country standard-setting organizations. This book helps the organization's top leader gather the information needed to identify opportunities and threats and decide on the appropriate risk response in this uncertain world. The two most widely used risk management standards are presented to demonstrate that an organization can use either one or a combination of the two standards to help manage the effects of uncertainty on their organization. It's fool-worthy to attempt to run an organization without formal uncertainty risk management. Let this book help you find your company's way in an uncertain world.

Options are the fastest growing trading venue offered today. Option trading volume grew 22% in 2018 alone-faster than any other trading venue. Why? Because traders are learning how options are statistically predictable and orderly. And they provide extensive financial leverage and strategic flexibility. When compared to buying and selling stock, futures, or foreign exchange currency pairs, it's not even a contest! For just a few hundred dollars, an option trader can control tens of thousands of dollars' worth of stock, ETF shares, a financial index, or futures contracts. And options offer dozens of trading strategies designed to exploit current market conditions. This book contains 78 option trading strategies, which provides readers with an option toolbox that fits every market condition, i.e., bullish, neutral, or bearish. No other financial instrument offers this flexibility and no other trading venue can provide the same steady financial return week in and week out.

Trade credit is extensively used in both domestic and international commercial transactions. Although it clearly supports growth, its significance is even greater for developed countries, where the market has recovered remarkably since the global financial crisis. The number and heterogeneity of motivations to trade credit justify the variability observed in the international data and the instrument's role in coordinating supply chains has become crucial to its success The range of trade credit finance solutions is diversified and includes instruments offered by financial intermediaries and market products, highlighting a very interesting set of intermediate solutions deriving from the application of new technologies to financial services. Trade credit is characterized by strong attractiveness for financiers, but a deep evaluation of potential losses grounds on a deep understating of the plurality of sources of credit risk (default and dilution risk). This book offers managers a complete analysis of the various facets of commercial credit and presents an international analysis of the various types of markets, instruments, and risks associated with trade credit in supply chains across the globe.

Trade credit finance is characterized by strong attractiveness deriving from risk mitigation, but the plurality of sources of credit risk (default and dilution risk) requires the implementation of a credit risk management system that exploits the broad knowledge developed by financing supply relationships. Consequently, financiers could be hindered from developing a full understanding of the underwritten risks and are thus unable or only partially able to evaluate their full potential to expand financial relationships over the credit capability of a single counterparty with respect to the supplier-debtor pair. The richness of the information available in trade credit financing is not an obstacle for the development of a modern risk management framework, but it must be calibrated to avoid distortions in the implementation. In addition, risk analysis in the supply chain is not limited to the crises of individual members but must assess the effects of such crisis on the entire supply chain and assess the specific risks of contagion and the favorable conditions for the propagation. This book offers managers a complete analysis of the various issues of credit risk management for trade credit financing instruments supported by applications to various types of markets and presents an analysis on risks associated with trade credit in supply chains.