This study explores the potential impacts of compounding risk between natural hazards and infectious disease outbreaks such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) region. Compound risk occurs when two or more shock events overlap, inducing additional pressure on social and physical vulnerabilities. As part of the study, scenarios of a natural hazard occurring during an outbreak are created for each CAREC country. The study concludes that compound risk may pose a challenge for the CAREC region in terms of elevated costs of response due to higher operational complexity, longer timelines required for reconstruction, and higher procurement costs resulting from supply interruptions or price shocks. It is therefore important to consider compound risk when investing in disaster risk management.

This book traces trends in nonperforming loans (NPLs) during and after financial crises in Asia and Europe. It examines the impact of high NPLs, compares the effectiveness of resolution strategies, and explores policy considerations. The volume highlights the need for decisive and comprehensive policy action to help manage NPLs swiftly. It explores the legal and economic conditions conducive to NPL resolution, the role of asset management companies, the potential of technological solutions, and the importance of regional financial cooperation. It provides insights to help policy makers chart a course through the financial and economic fallout of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to recovery and sustained financial stability in Asia, Europe, and beyond. The publication is a collaborative project of the Asian Development Bank, the European Central Bank, and the Joint Vienna Institute.

This publication identifies financial inclusion priorities to stimulate economic recovery and explores the challenges and opportunities of accelerated digital transformation. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the vital role of financial inclusion in supporting resilience and economic recovery among the most vulnerable populations in Asia and the Pacific. This publication proposes recommendations to aid policy makers and regulators. It shares insights from the 2021 Asia-Pacific Financial Inclusion Forum, a policy initiative of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Finance Ministers' Process. It was prepared in collaboration with the APEC Business Advisory Council, the Asian Development Bank Institute, and the Foundation for Development Cooperation.

Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Management contains the papers presented at the 20th European Safety and Reliability (ESREL 2011) annual conference in Troyes, France, in September 2011. The books covers a wide range of topics, including: Accident and Incident Investigation; Bayesian methods; Crisis and Emergency Management; Decision Making under Risk; Dynamic Reliability; Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis and System Health Management; Fault Tolerant Control and Systems; Human Factors and Human Reliability; Maintenance Modelling and Optimisation; Mathematical Methods in Reliability and Safety; Occupational Safety; Quantitative Risk Assessment; Reliability and Safety Data Collection and Analysis; Risk and Hazard Analysis; Risk Governance; Risk Management; Safety Culture and Risk Perception; Structural Reliability and Design Codes; System Reliability Analysis; Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis. Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Management will be of interest to academics and professionals working in a wide range of scientific, industrial and governmental sectors, including: Aeronautics and Aerospace; Chemical and Process Industry; Civil Engineering; Critical Infrastructures; Energy; Information Technology and Telecommunications; Land Transportation; Manufacturing; Maritime Transportation; Mechanical Engineering; Natural Hazards; Nuclear Industry; Offshore Industry; Policy Making and Public Planning.

""Should We Risk It?" is a timely and unique book. Its 'hands-on' approach to diverse risk problem-solving and decision-making methods fills a long-existing void. Using real-world problems, it introduces basic and more advanced methods in a clear, evenhanded, and thought-provoking manner. The more people who read it--both those already active in risk policy and those with a general interest--the better we as a society will be ready to cope with increasingly complex risk decisions. This book will improve both risk-based decisions and the associated public discourse."--William Ruckelshaus, former Administrator of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

"This is a splendid book. It should be of interest to a wide range of students and professionals across the environmental and health sciences."--John Harte, University of California, Berkeley; author of "Consider a Spherical Cow"

"Dan Kammen and David Hassenzahl have filled a long-standing need and have done it brilliantly. Their book provides the bridge between the technical tooks of risk analysis and the real world of health and environmental problems. Mastering the contents of this book should be a requirement for anyone--student or policy maker--who wants to understand risk analysis."--J. Clarence "Terry" Davis, Director, Resources for the Future Center for Risk Management

"The authors have done a remarkable job of showing the common structures underlying the variety of risks that we face in our personal and professional lives. Moreover, their approach allows integrating the diverse forms of knowledge needed to address these complex problems. Readers will think differently after reading this book."--Baruch Fischhoff, Professor of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University

"This book will be very useful as a text in a risk-analysis class. It will also be a valuable reference for practitioners of risk assessment in industry, government, and consulting. . . . The organization of the book is logical and effective."--James K. Hammitt, Harvard University

This publication provides updates on the bond market in Thailand since 2016. The ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide series provides information on the investment climate, rules, laws, opportunities, and characteristics of bond markets in Asia and the Pacific. It aims to help bond market issuers, investors, and financial intermediaries understand the local context and encourage greater participation in the region's rapidly developing bond markets. This edition updates the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide 2016: Thailand.

Tourism destinations are traditionally dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises that provide a wide range of products to tourists such as accommodation, travel services, transportation, recreation and entertainment, and food and beverage services. New knowledge and global risks have emerged, and small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) are now highly vulnerable. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the whole world and caused a change in the tourism paradigm. Many SMTEs around the world have been severely affected by the need to completely shut down their activities for months, and expectations for recovery in the medium term are not optimistic. SMTEs do not have the capacity and increased resources-financial, human, operational-of large companies to prepare for crisis contingencies (planning) and respond to the challenges they face. They simply do not have the resources or knowledge for risk analysis and the creation of crisis teams or plans. This is an area of growing importance and concern, both in the public and private sectors, where specific research and more in-depth knowledge are needed. Risk, Crisis, and Disaster Management in Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises connects research in the field of crisis management with the risks affecting small and medium-sized tourism enterprises. The book presents prevailing research on SME-related planning, response, and recovery during crisis situations, further propelling much-needed literature on these challenges in today's tourism industry. The chapters cover important topics such as terrorism threats, disaster management, resilient strategies, pandemic management, and risk analysis. The target audience of this book will be composed of professionals working in the tourism and hospitality industries, restaurateurs, travel agencies, hotel executives, directors, managers, crisis and risk planners, policymakers, government officials, researchers, and academicians who are interested in the threats to tourism businesses and how small and medium-sized enterprises can manage and navigate these risks.

This study provides a review of infectious disease risk financing schemes to draw lessons and recommend solutions for the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) member countries. CAREC region was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Prearranged financing for shock events greatly enhances the cost-efficiency and effectiveness of response, but this was virtually nonexistent for infectious diseases risk prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. The study offers some recommendations to strengthen the disaster risk management strategies and public sector budget resilience of CAREC member countries.

With the adoption of its new constitution on 20 September 2015, Nepal became a federal democratic republic. Since then, the country's transition from a unitary system of government to the new federal system has been ongoing and remains a challenging process. The report examines the evolving institutional arrangements, challenges, and governance risks for the sectors in which ADB operates. It also identifies potential reform measures that ADB could support to help address these governance risks. The report aims to contribute to the preparation of ADB's 2020-2024 country partnership strategy for Nepal.