The first part of the book discusses aims, who should determine them and how they might be determined. The second part discusses some more specific topics of learning and teaching, such as learning how to learn, the integrated day and the use of competition. The author distinguishes three broad levels of thought in looking at schools: the details of choice and decision; the general principles which are, or ought to be, guiding that detailed practice; and the theoretical commentaries on the guiding principles available from the various disciplines which constitute the study of education.

Questions about land control have invigorated thinkers in agrarian studies and economic history since the nineteenth century. Exclusion, alienation, expropriation, dispossession, and violence animate histories of land use, property rights, and territories. More recently, agrarian environments have been transformed by processes of de-agrarianization, urbanization, migration, and new forms of primitive accumulation. Even the classic agrarian question of how the social relations of agriculture will be influenced by capitalism has been reformulated at critical historical moments, reviving or producing new debates around the importance of land control.

The authors in this volume focus on new frontiers of land control and their active creation. These frontiers are sites where established power relationships are challenged by new enclosures and property regimes, producing new social and environmental dynamics in their stead. Contributors examine labor and production processes engaged by new configurations of actors, new agrarian and environmental subjects and the networks connecting them, and new legal and violent means of challenging established or imminent land controls. Overall we find that land control still matters, though in changed degrees and manners. Land control will continue to inspire struggles for a long time.

This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Peasant Studies.

Response to Intervention (RTI) is an intervention model designed to assist all students regardless of their academic ability. It seeks to assist students who are struggling in academics by providing them with targeted assistance in the form of tutoring, pull-out services, and differentiated classroom instruction. Examining Response to Intervention (RTI) Models in Secondary Education highlights the application of the RTI model to secondary schools through instructional strategies and real-world examples of how this model can be used at the middle and high school levels. Through a series of informative and timely chapters written by global educational specialists, this publication is ideally designed for use by middle and high school teachers and school administrators as well as professors and students in upper-level Educational Leadership and Secondary Education programs.

In foreign language education, decisions must be taken on what languages to teach, who will teach them, in which schools (i.e. all, only urban, only rural), in which grades, the number of hours a week, and the cost involved. This book explores the answers to these questions across a number of Asian polities. It illustrates why some of the efforts undertaken are successful and why some are not, why - despite significant investments of time and resources - some students do not seem to acquire the languages being taught, and why some teachers responsible for instruction in the designated foreign languages have problems achieving fluency in the designated language or have other language teaching difficulties. It suggests some strategies various polities might attempt to achieve their stated language learning objectives. This book was originally published as a special issue of Current Issues in Language Planning.

How often do your primary school pupils have the opportunity to engage in open-ended, sustained pieces of work that offer them choice and control?

Do you find that the curriculum restricts openings to provide your pupils with real challenge?

Is your school grappling with finding effective ways in which to elicit authentic pupil voice?

"

Children as Researchers in Primary Schools "is an innovative and unique resource for practitioners supporting children to become real world researchers in the primary classroom. It will supply you with the skills and ideas you need to implement a children as researchers framework in your school that can be adapted for different ages and abilities. Children in primary schools are accustomed to being set short-term goals and are often unaware of long-term aims or of the connections between the concepts and skills they are learning. In contrast, this book demonstrates that children engaging in the research process have authentic opportunities to apply invaluable personal, learning and thinking skills while managing their own projects, making their voices heard and experiencing increased levels of engagement and self-esteem.

Based on the author s 4-year research study exploring the experiences of young researchers and teachers in primary schools, and on her considerable experience of training young researchers, this book also contains:

• the history and theory behind children as researchers initiatives;
• a model for good practice based on successful real life case studies;
• questions for reflective practice;
• practical examples of research in the classroom;
• photocopiable resources;
• opportunities for self-evaluation.

This comprehensive resource will be appeal to primary teachers, educational practitioners and students on CPD and ITT courses. It will also be of interest to teacher trainers, to academics involved in teaching and research and to all those interested in promoting children s voices.

The articles which make up this book, originally published in the journal The Schoolmaster were originally published at the time of The Education Act 1944 which changed the education system for secondary schools in England and Wales. This Act made secondary education free for all pupils and introduced the tripartite system of education, of which secondary modern schools were one part. This volume examines issues of low self-esteem among pupils at secondary modern schools, academic versus practical curricula, assessment and challenges for teachers issues which are still pertinent today.

Within a single educational system that of England and Wales the nature of schooling available to a child can be dramatically different. Even between residential areas the differences in educational climate can be striking. Apart from differences in the organization of schools and the availability of buildings, teachers and resources, there are also significant ideological variations between local education authorities. This book considers the evidence of such differences, some of the environmental factors (political, social and economic) that may account for their distribution, and the consequences that appear to spring from them.

Using a cross-curricular focus, this book brings together ongoing debates about personalised learning, creativity and ICT in education, and establishes a principled framework for cross-curricular teaching and learning in Science. It identifies a range of key issues and aims to strengthen in-school science practices by introducing ways of teaching rigorous science through, and alongside, other subjects. This highly practical book draws on examples and case studies taken from innovative practices in different schools and subject areas, as well as summarising lessons from key pieces of research evidence. Cross-Curricular Teaching and Learning in the Secondary School.... Science also includes the following: Clear theoretical frameworks for cross-curricular processes of teaching and learning in science, including chapters on Maths, ICT and Technology, English, the Humanities and the Arts An analysis of the use of language, ICT and assessment as key components of a skilful pedagogical practice that affect how teaching is delivered and how pupils learn science in cross-curricular contexts A lively account of theoretical issues blended with engaging stories of current practice Practical tasks and questions for reflective practice This timely textbook is essential reading for all students on Initial Teacher Training courses and PGCE courses as well as practising teachers looking to holistically introduce cross-curricular themes and practices in Science.

Is there an 'ideal' primary school curriculum? Who should decide what the curriculum is? Should teachers have autonomy over how they teach? The curriculum is the heart of what teachers teach and learners learn: effective teaching is only possible with an effective curriculum. Yet in spite of its importance, there has been a crisis in curriculum that has been caused in large part by governments assuming direct control over the curriculum, assessment, and increasingly, pedagogy. Creating the Curriculum tackles this thorny issue head on, challenging student and practising primary school teachers to think critically about past and present issues and to engage with a new wave of curriculum thinking and development. Considering curriculum construction and its impact on teaching and learning in the four countries of the UK, key issues considered include: who should decide the curriculum, its aims and its values the extent to which issues in primary education swing back and forth Subjects versus thematic organisation, stages and phases, progression, breadth and balance prescription versus teacher autonomy the key features of effective classroom practice strategies for assessing the whole curriculum how language in the classroom influences curriculum design understanding curricula in the context of children's social and personal circumstances creativity, curriculum and the classroom. Illustrated throughout with strategies and case studies from the classroom, Creating the Curriculum accessibly links the latest research and evidence with concrete examples of good practice. It is a timely exploration of what makes an effective and meanginful curriculum and how teachers can bring new relevance, motivation and powerful values to what they teach.

One of the few Reggio Emilia books focused on the infant and toddler years, "The Diary of Laura" is a powerful tool for early childhood students and professionals. This beautifully designed book reflects the Reggio Emilia commitment to artistic endeavors through the unique documentation of one child's growth in an infant-toddler program in Reggio Emilia, Italy. An assemblage of affectionately written notes and photographs, "Story of Laura," the original diary, details the progression of young Laura's growth and milestones in the program and offers a unique perspective on her early child care experience. First published in Italian in 1983, the diary is now available for the first time in English. Beautifully presented, "The Diary of Laura" includes a reproduction of the original diary next to the authorized English translation. Many readers familiar with the Reggio Emilia approach will recognize the last entry--Laura's notable discoveries about a watch. "The Diary of Laura "includes new photos and reflective essays by recognized Reggio Emilia experts from around the world, including Carolyn Edwards, Carlina Rinaldi, J. Ronald Lally, Pat Wharton, Jan Millikan, Moonja Oh, and Harold Gothson.

Using interviews gathered from program directors across the country with over 700 years of combined experience, this book is a comprehensive guide to becoming the best director you can be. Combined with current research and best practices you will find realistic real-time solutions to address the most common struggles faced by program administrators today.

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of the burgeoning literature on theory of mind (TOM) after the preschool years and the first to integrate this literature with other approaches to the study of social understanding. By highlighting the relationship between early and later developments, the book provides readers with a greater understanding of what we know and what we still need to know about higher-order TOM. Although the focus is on development in typical populations, development in individuals with autism and in older adults is also explored to give readers a deeper understanding of possible problems in development.

Examining the later developments of TOM gives readers a greater understanding of:

• Developments that occur after the age of 5.
• Individual differences in rate of development and atypical development and the effects of those differences.
• The differences in rate of mastery which become more marked, and therefore more informative, with increased age.
• What it means to have a good theory of mind.
• The differences between first- and second- order theory of mind development in preschoolers, older children, adolescents, and adults.
• The range of beliefs available to children at various ages, providing a fuller picture of what is meant by understanding of belief.
  

After the introduction, the literature on first-order developments during the preschool period is summarized to serve as a backdrop for understanding more advanced developments. Chapter 3 is devoted to the second-order false belief task. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce a variety of other measures for understanding higher-level forms of TOM thereby providing readers with greater insight into other cognitive and social developmental outcomes. Chapter 6 discusses the relation between children s TOM abilities and other aspects of their development. Chapters 7 and 8 place the work in a historical context. First, the research on the development of social and mental worlds that predated the emergence of TOM is examined. Chapter 8 then provides a comparative treatment of the two literatures and how they complement one another.

Ideal as a supplement in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in theory of mind, cognitive development, or social development taught in psychology and education. Veteran researchers will also appreciate this book s unique synthesis of this critical research.

Who are the key thinkers in education?

What are the hot topics in education?

Where will education go from here?

The Routledge Companion to Education presents the most comprehensive, up-to-date guide available to the key theories, themes and topics in education. Forty specially commissioned chapters, covering all aspects of education, introduce you to the ideas, research and issues that have shaped this most diverse, dynamic and fluid field.

• Part one provides an introduction to the key theories, thinkers and disciplines within education
• Part two covers ideas and issues about how, what and why learning takes place
• Part three includes analysis on particular approaches to education and explores the issues that attract much contemporary interest.

Written by an international team of expert contributors, the chapters all include a descriptive introduction, an analysis of the key ideas and debates, an overview of the latest research, key questions for research and carefully selected further reading.

The Routledge Companion to Education is a succinct, detailed, authoritative overview of the topics which are at the forefront of educational research and discourse today. This classic collection is a bookshelf essential for every student and scholar serious about the study of education.

This book does not cover the whole field of Infants' Teaching but is concerned mainly with general principles and matters which are open to the non-specialist. Some technical subjects such as Physical Education have been omitted but nonetheless the volume provides a thorough (if somewhat dated) introduction to early years education in the first half of the twentieth century.

Published long before the importance of early childhood education was formally recognised in the educational landscape this book explores the significance of play for young children. The volume includes an appendix on Montessori education.

Teaching Poetry is an indispensible source of guidance, confidence and ideas for all those new to the secondary English classroom. Written by experienced teachers who have worked with the many secondary pupils who 'don't get' poetry, this friendly guide will help you support pupils as they access, understand, discuss and enjoy classic and contemporary poetry. With an emphasis on active approaches and the power of poetry to enrich the lives of both teachers and students, Teaching Poetry: Provides a succinct introduction to the major ideas and theory about teaching poetry Covers the key genres and periods through tried and tested favourites and a range of less well known new and historical poetry Illustrates good practice for every approach covered, through case studies of theory and ideas in action in the classroom Includes activities, ideas and resources to support teaching at Key Stages 3, 4 and 5. Teaching Poetry tackles head on one of the aspects of English teaching that new and experienced teachers alike find most difficult. It offers both a comprehensive introduction to teaching poetry and a rich source of inspiration and support to be mined when faced with an unfamiliar text or an unresponsive class.

First published in 2012. Mini-set C: Early Childhood Education re-issues 5 volumes originally published between 1913 and 1992. Over that period, but particularly in the last 4 decades, educational policy makers have become increasingly aware of the importance of early childhood education. There are many perspectives for viewing early childhood education, and the volumes in this mini-set reflect this.

The increasing impact of performance based judgments on schools and teachers in the classroom has its critics and supporters. Some oppose the trend and seek to deny the importance of quantitative measures. Others have sought to find ways of implementing educational measurement constructively and with understanding of the concerns. Classrooms are where the operational business of learning takes place and it is on the quality of life within the classroom that the broader process of learning, concerns for the wider community and others, is nurtured. The climate of the classroom has a large impact on the final outcome measure to which so much interest is directed. To help our understanding of the dynamics involved much work has been done in the development and refinement of quantitative studies to this area by studying essential information about how teachers and students perceive the environments in which the work. Research on classroom climates has reached a practical and theoretical maturity and this volume offers an account of the developments that have taken place and the potential for understanding the classroom as a vital component of the curriculum. This book will also be an essential resource tool for anyone engaged in classroom research.

How can teachers ensure that the transition from the Early Years Foundation Stage to Key Stage One is a positive experience for children? What are the issues for children, parents and teachers and how should teachers respond to these? This book introduces the concept of transition and identifies the key problem areas for children and adults focusing on the differences in philosophy and practice between the EYFS and Key Stage One, whilst also giving emphasis to the opportunities that are provided by the transition process.It stresses the need for a balanced approach and the importance of sustained shared thinking from the EYFS through Key Stage One and provides practical strategies for achieving this. Onwards and Upwards: Supporting the Transition to Key Stage One includes detailed guidance on: preparing for the transition to Key Stage One the role of the teacher the balance between adult-led and child initiated activity play and the use of the outdoor environment creating a stimulating environment that supports a balanced approach Throughout the book, Kathleen Orlandi emphasises the child's perspective and draws on naturalistic observations of children before, during and after a period of transition. With case studies, key quotes from children, examples of practice and suggestions for planning, and questions for reflective practice, this textbook will be invaluable for students and practitioners in the EYFS and Key Stage One, as well as those responsible for CPD.

This book explores teaching and learning through science investigation and practical work. It draws upon two representative case studies from New Zealand and examines what students are learning from science investigation; in addition, it identifies and describes ways in which teachers can make changes that benefit student learning when given time to reflect and respond to research literature and findings. The book illustrates how teaching through science investigations in ways that are informed by research can lead to positive learning outcomes for students. As such, it offers valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and educators with an interest in learning through science investigation.

Creativity in secondary English lessons today is a democratically conceived quality that all pupils are expected to achieve and a resource on which all are entitled to draw. But what exactly is creativity? And how does it relate to English? Creativity and Learning in Secondary English answers these questions, and others, by arguing for a version of creativity that sees it as an ordinary, everyday part of successful classroom practice, central to processes of meaning-making, dialogic interaction and textual engagement. In this construction, creativity is not just linked to learning; it is the driving force behind learning itself, offering pupils the opportunity to transform their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.

This book borrows from a range of theories about creativity and about learning, while remaining largely practical in focus. It contains numerous examples for teachers of how to apply ideas about creativity in the classroom. In doing so, it attempts to maintain the subject 's core identity while also keeping abreast of contemporary social, pedagogical and technological developments. The result is a refreshing challenge to some of the more mundane approaches to English teaching on offer in an age focussed excessively on standardisation and teaching to tests.

Practical applications of creativity include:

• Using picture books and graphic novels to stimulate multimodal responses
• Placing pupils in the role of the teacher
• Devising marketing campaigns for class novels
• Adopting experimental approaches to redrafting
• Encouraging extreme forms of re-creative writing
• Focusing on how to listen to texts
• Creating sound-scapes for poems

Thought-provoking and provocative, this textbook draws on current best practice in English teaching and will equip trainee and practising teachers with a wide range of strategies that will lead to greater creativity in the classroom.

Teaching and Learning in the Digital Age is for all those interested in considering the impact of emerging digital technologies on teaching and learning. It explores the concept of a digital age and perspectives of knowledge, pedagogy and practice within a digital context.

By examining teaching with digital technologies through new learning theories cognisant of the digital age, it aims to both advance thinking and offer strategies for teaching technology-savvy students that will enable meaningful learning experiences.

Illustrated throughout with case studies from across the subjects and the age range, key issues considered include:

• how young people create and share knowledge both in and beyond the classroom and how current and new pedagogies can support this level of achievement
• the use of complexity theory as a framework to explore teaching in the digital age

• the way learning occurs one way exchanges, online and face-to-face interactions, learning within a framework of constructivism, and in communities
• what we mean by critical thinking, why it is important in a digital age, and how this can occur in the context of learning
• how students can create knowledge through a variety of teaching and learning activities, and how the knowledge being created can be shared, critiqued and evaluated.

With an emphasis throughout on what it means for practice, this book aims to improve understanding of how learning theories currently work and can evolve in the future to promote truly effective learning in the digital age. It is essential reading for all teachers, student teachers, school leaders, those engaged in Masters Level work, as well as students on Education Studies courses.

What is the role of the humanities in the modern school? Should geography, history, RE and Citizenship teachers remain faithful to long-standing subject cultures and pedagogies? Or is there another way to consider how the curriculum, and the notion of individual subjects and teachers? pedagogy, could be constructed?

Drawing on case studies taken from a range of innovative secondary schools, and interrogating the use of cross-curricular approaches in UK schools, Cross-Curricular Teaching and Learning in Humanities constructs a research based pedagogy with practical steps for students and teachers as they consider how cross-curricular approaches can be implemented in their own subject areas.

Key features include:

• Clear theoretical frameworks for cross-curricular processes of teaching and learning in the humanities
• Lively and engaging text that blends key issues with stories of current practice
• An analysis of the use of assessment, enquiry, and pupil talk as key components in building a cross-curricular approach to the humanities
• Practical and reflective tasks that enable to reader to apply their reading to day to day practice, alongside links to professional standards
• Summaries of key research linked to suggestions for further reading
• Professional development activities to promote cross-curricular dialogue

Part of the Cross-Curricular Teaching and Learning in the Secondary School series, this timely interdisciplinary textbook is essential reading for all students on Initial Teacher Training courses and practising teachers looking to holistically introduce cross-curricular themes and practices in secondary Humanities teaching.

Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School is for every teacher -whether generalist or specialist, trainee or experienced - wanting to confidently introduce foreign language teaching into their classroom. Based on the author's extensive experience of teaching across Key Stages 1-2, this book provides practical strategies that can be easily implemented in your setting. Offering comprehensive guidance on the pedagogy that underpins language teaching, it covers everything you'll need to teach foreign languages effectively: Planning, teaching and assessment Pedagogical approaches Integrating primary languages across the curriculum Where to find and how to use good resources Using TAs effectively to support language learning Inclusive practice Using ICT in language teaching How to promote children's intercultural understanding Illustrated with useful lesson ideas and a range of examples from the classroom, Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School is an indispensable source of support for all student and practising primary school teachers.

How can we ensure we use technology effectively with young children?

Using New Web Tools in the Primary Classroom is for all teachers interested in the application of new web-based ICTs to primary teaching. It offers a justification for using Web 2.0 tools and explores tangible ways in which technologies such as blogs, wikis, podcasting, media sharing and social networking sites can enhance classroom practice, teaching and learning.

Considering key issues such as how children learn, curriculum, policy, and children 's prior experiences of ICT, this book focuses on the expectations and needs of the child and how technology can be unlocked to meet those needs now and in the future. Key ideas considered include:

• Diverse views of social software in education
• Using web tools to create and reinforce stimulating learning environments
• Teacher skills and the availability of suitable technology
• Competing demands of government policies and curriculum
• Practical ideas for enriching learning through social software: Children as producers of knowledge, as explorers, and as communicators.

Enhanced with reflective questions and tasks to support your own thinking, and with practical ideas for using web-based ICTs in a range of subjects and in topic work, Using New Web Tools in the Primary Classroom is a rich resource for all student and practising primary school teachers. Those on Education Studies courses interested in new internet technologies and their potential to enhance learning within primary schools will also find much food for thought.