This book is a testimony to Evgeny Nikolaevich Sokolov's years of work in developing knowledge in the areas of perception, information processing and attention, and to the research it has spawned. It presents a historical account of a research program, leading the reader toward a cognitive science approach to the study of perception and attention. An understanding of neuroscience and mathematical modeling are helpful prerequisites. The co-authors collected data on orienting, attention, and information processing in the brain using single-cell recordings, central, autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and verbal measures. This commonality brought them together for a series of meetings which resulted in the production of this book. The book ends with a review of some of the co-authors studies that have developed from or in parallel with Sokolov's research. They investigate, in particular, the concepts of attention and anticipation using a psychophysiological methodology.

This totally revised and expanded reference/text emphasizes the intricate relationship between adaptive filtering and signal analysis-highlighting the most recent stochastic processes, signal representations and properties, analytical tools, and implementation methods. Includes new chapters on adaptive techniques in communications and rotation based algorithms Providing practical applications in information, estimation, and circuit theories, the Second Edition of Adaptive Digital Filters contains current FORTRAN listings of computer subroutines novel engineering design options and finite word-length effects for least mean squares (LMS) modern linear prediction theory for fast algorithm operations state-of-the-art design and performance aspects for fast least squares (FLS) and more With nearly 1400 display equations and drawings, the Second Edition of Adaptive Digital Filters is an invaluable reference for electrical, electronics, video, audio, network, computer, digital design, multimedia software, signal processing, and communication engineers, and an authoritative text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

A resource like no other—the first comprehensive guide to phase unwrapping

Phase unwrapping is a mathematical problem-solving technique increasingly used in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, optical interferometry, adaptive optics, and medical imaging. In Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping, two internationally recognized experts sort through the multitude of ideas and algorithms cluttering current research, explain clearly how to solve phase unwrapping problems, and provide practicable algorithms that can be applied to problems encountered in diverse disciplines. Complete with case studies and examples as well as hundreds of images and figures illustrating the concepts, this book features:

• A thorough introduction to the theory of phase unwrapping
• Eight algorithms that constitute the state of the art in phase unwrapping
• Detailed description and analysis of each algorithm and its performance in a number of phase unwrapping problems
• C language software that provides a complete implementation of each algorithm
• Comparative analysis of the algorithms and techniques for evaluating results
• A discussion of future trends in phase unwrapping research
• Foreword by former NASA scientist Dr. John C. Curlander

Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping skillfully integrates concepts, algorithms, software, and examples into a powerful benchmark against which new ideas and algorithms for phase unwrapping can be tested. This unique introduction to a dynamic, rapidly evolving field is essential for professionals and graduate students in SAR interferometry, optical interferometry, adaptive optics, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Part of the continuing growth in the applications of digital signal processing, multirate digital signal processing has become an active research area of considerable importance. The key characteristic of multirate algorithms is their high computational efficiency, and hence their increasing implementation. This new technique is now widely employed in a range of applications from digital audio broadcasting (DAB) to multi-carrier data transmission and subband speech coding. This topical book gives a comprehensive analysis of multirate digital signal processing. Features include:

• A thorough introduction to the fundamental theory of multirate digital signal processing.
• A summary of the key properties of those filters which employ multirate techniques including cascaded multirate filters, multirate complementary filters, and interpolated FIR filters.
• An assessment of the properties of various digital filter banks, such as quadratur mirror, paraunitary, biorthogonal, modulated, polyphase, and multicomplementary filter banks.
• Design methodologies for multirate filters and filter banks.
• An examination of the discrete wavelet transform using filter banks, the construction of wavelets and examples of wavelet systems.
• A complete overview of current applications and a look ahead towards the future developments in this field.

Employs a combined source channel coding technique that supplies error This reference/text focuses on the transmission of image and video inf Features a detailed description of the state-of-the-art MPEG-4 video c Stressing the importance of coding to counteract errors when transmitt ing over mobile channels, Examining channel coding techniques used for video applications in a wireless environment, Video Coding for Wirele ss Communication Systems is a blue-chip reference for electrical; elec tronics; signal, image, and video processing; computer circuit and sys tems; digital design; and communication engineers; and a superb text f or upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these discipline s.

Digital signal processing is ubiquitous. It is an essential ingredient in many of today's electronic devices, ranging from medical equipment to weapon systems. It makes the difference between dumb and intelligent systems. This book is organized into five parts: (1) Introduction, which contains an account of Prof. Constantinides' contribution to the field and brief summaries of the remaining chapters of this festschrift, (2) Digital Filters and Transforms, which covers efficient digital filtering techniques for improving signal quality, (3) Signal Processing, which provides an insight into fundamental theories, (4) Communications, which deals with some important applications of signal processing techniques, and (5) Finale, which contains a discussion on the impact of digital signal processing on our society and the closing remarks on this festschrift.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI 2019), held at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Dhaka, on 25-26 October 2019 and jointly organized by the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Bangladesh; Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh; and South Asian University (SAU), India. These proceedings present novel contributions in the areas of computational intelligence, and offer valuable reference material for advanced research. The topics covered include collective intelligence, soft computing, optimization, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent software, robotics, data science, data security, big data analytics, and signal and natural language processing.

Digital signal processing (DSP) covers a wide range of applications such as signal acquisition, analysis, transmission, storage, and synthesis. Special attention is needed for the VLSI (very large scale integration) implementation of high performance DSP systems with examples from video and radar applications. This book provides basic architectures for VLSI implementations of DSP tasks covering architectures for application specific circuits and programmable DSP circuits. It fills an important gap in the literature by focusing on the transition from algorithms specification to architectures for VLSI implementations. Areas covered include:

• architectures for basic operations and elementary functions
• parallel processing and pipelining
• application specific array processors
• programmable digital signal processors

Wavelet analysis is among the newest additions to the arsenals of mathematicians, scientists, and engineers, and offers common solutions to diverse problems. However, students and professionals in some areas of engineering and science, intimidated by the mathematical background necessary to explore this subject, have been unable to use this powerful tool.

The first book on the topic for readers with minimal mathematical backgrounds, Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing provides a thorough introduction to wavelets with applications in image processing. Unlike most other works on this subject, which are often collections of papers or research advances, this book offers students and researchers without an extensive math background a step-by-step introduction to the power of wavelet transforms and applications to image processing.
The first four chapters introduce the basic topics of analysis that are vital to understanding the mathematics of wavelet transforms. Subsequent chapters build on the information presented earlier to cover the major themes of wavelet analysis and its applications to image processing. This is an ideal introduction to the subject for students, and a valuable reference guide for professionals working in image processing.

The introduction and preliminary chapters discuss the background and development of CCD technology, and the structure and operation of CCD image sensors. Subsequent chapters examine the technology and sensor manufacturing process, including modelling, the theories behind digital imaging processing, and the applications of digital cameras. Finally, the editor discusses future technological and market trends anticipated in this fast growing industry.
This title contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the development of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD), which makes possible the widespread use of consumer camcorders and broadcasting color cameras. The material in this book is comprehensive enough to be of great value to researchers, industrialists and post-graduate students in the area of image technology, while the simplicity and clarity of explanation make it easy to understand to the non-expert.

This text deals with signal processing as an important aspect of electronic communications in its role of transmitting information, and the language of its expression. It develops the required mathematics in an interesting and informative way, leading to confidence on the part of the reader. The first part of the book focuses on continuous-time models, and contains chapters on signals and linear systems, and on system responses. Fourier methods, so vital in the study of information theory, are developed prior to a discussion of methods for the design of analogue filters. The second part of the book is directed towards discrete-time signals and systems. There is full development of the z- and discrete Fourier transforms to support the chapter on digital filter design.
All preceding material in the book is drawn together in the final chapter on some important aspects of speech processing which provides an up-to-date example of the use of the theory. Topics considered include a speech production model, linear predictive filters, lattice filters and cepstral analysis, with application to recognition of non-nasal voiced speech and formant estimation.
In addition to course requirement for undergraduates studying electrical engineering, applied mathematics, and branches of computer science involving such signal processing as speak synthesis, computer vision and robotics, this book should provide a valuable reference source for post-graduate research work in industry and academia.
An elementary knowledge of algebra (e.g. partial fractions) is a prerequisite, and also calculus including differential equations. A knowledge of complex numbers and of the basic concept of a function of a complex variable is also needed.
Deals with signal processing as an important aspect of electronic communications in its role of transmitting information, and the language of its expressionTopics considered include a speech production model, linear predictive filters, lattice filters and cepstral analysis, with application to recognition of non-nasal voiced speech and formant estimation

This volumes discusses various aspects regarding the capacity/achievable data rate of stationary Rayleigh fading channels. First, it analyses bounds on the achievable data rate with zero-mean proper Gaussian input symbols, which are capacity achieving in the coherent case, i.e., in case of perfect channel knowledge at the receiver. These bounds are tight in the sense that the difference between the upper and the lower bound is bounded for all SNRs. The lower bound converges to the coherent capacity for asymptotically small channel dynamics. Furthermore, these bounds are extended to the case of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels and to the case of frequency selective channels. In a further part, the present work studies the achievable rate with receivers based on synchronized detection and a code-aided channel estimation. For a specific type of such a receiver an approximate upper bound on the achievable rate is derived. The comparison of this approximate upper bound and the achievable data rate with receivers using synchronized detection based on a solely pilot based channel estimation gives an approximate upper bound on the possible gain by using this kind of code-aided channel estimation in comparison to the conventional receiver using a solely pilot based channel estimation. In addition, the achievable data rate with an optimal joint processing of pilot and data symbols is studied and a lower bound on the achievable rate for this case is derived. In this context, it is also shown which part of the mutual information of the transmitter and the receiver is discarded when using the conventional receiver with synchronized detection based on a solely pilot based channel estimation.

First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Random Signals, Noise and Filtering develops the theory of random processes and its application to the study of systems and analysis of random data. The text covers three important areas: (1) fundamentals and examples of random process models, (2) applications of probabilistic models: signal detection, and filtering, and (3) statistical estimation--measurement and analysis of random data to determine the structure and parameter values of probabilistic models. This volume by Breipohl and Shanmugan offers the only one-volume treatment of the fundamentals of random process models, their applications, and data analysis.

Artificial Vision is a rapidly growing discipline, aiming to build computational models of the visual functionalities in humans, as well as machines that emulate them. Visual communication in itself involves a numberof challenging topics with a dramatic impact on contemporary culture where human-computer interaction and human dialogue play a more and more significant role.
This state-of-the-art book brings together carefully selected review articles from world renowned researchers at the forefront of this exciting area. The contributions cover topics including image processing, computational geometry, optics, pattern recognition, and computer science. The book is divided into three sections. Part I covers active vision; Part II deals with the integration of visual with cognitive capabilities; and Part III concerns visual communication.
Artificial Vision will be essential reading for students and researchers in image processing, vision, and computer science who want to grasp the current concepts and future directions of this challenging field.
Key Features
* This state-of-the-art book brings together selected review articles and accounts of current projects from world-renowned researchers at the forefront of this exciting area; The contributions cover topics such as:
* psychology of perception
* image processing
* computational geometry
* visual knowledge representation and languages
* It is this truly multi-disciplinary approach that has produced successful theories and applications for the subject.

Case-based reasoning in design is becoming an important approach to computer-support for design as well as an important component in understanding the design process. Design has become a major focus for problem solving paradigms due to its complexity and open-ended nature. This book presents a clear description of how case-based reasoning can be applied to design problems, including the representation of design cases, indexing and retrieving design cases, and the range of paradigms for adapting design cases. With a focus on design, this book differs from others that provide a generalist view of case-based reasoning.
This volume provides two important contributions to the area:
* a general description of the issues and alternatives in applying case-based reasoning to design, and
* a description of specific implementations of case-based design.
Through this combination, the reader will learn about both the general issues and the practical problems in supporting design through case-based reasoning. This book was prepared to fill a gap in the literature on the unique problems that design introduces to computational paradigms developed in computer science. It also addresses the needs of computational support for design problem solving from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book's introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.

Sixth in the book series, Advances in Image Communication, which documents the rapid advancements of recent years in image communication technologies, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of subband coding.

Originally, subband coding and transform coding were developed separately. The former, however, benefitted considerably from the earlier evolution of transform coding theory and practice. Retaining their own terminology and views, the two methods are closely related and this book indeed aims to unify the approaches. Specifically, the volume contributes effectively to the understanding of frequency domain coding techniques. Many images from coding experiments are presented, enabling the reader to consider the properties of different coders.

Chapter 1 introduces the problem of image compression in general terms. Sampling of images and other fundamental concepts, such as entropy and the rate distortion function, are briefly reviewed. The idea of viewing coding techniques as series expansions is also introduced. The second chapter presents signal decomposition and the conditions for perfect reconstruction from minimum representations. Chapter 3 deals with filter bank structures, primarily those displaying the perfect reconstruction property. Quantization techniques and the efficient exploitation of the bit resources are discussed from a theoretical perspective in Chapter 4 and this issue is further examined in Chapter 6, from a more practical point of view. Chapter 5 provides a development of gain formulas, i.e. quantitative measures of the performance of filter banks in a subband coding context, and these are then employed in a search for optimal filter banks. A number of examples of coded images using different subband coders are presented in Chapter 7, these indicating that subband coders give rise to some characteristic types of image degradations. Accordingly, Chapter 8 presents several techniques for minimizing these artifacts. The theory and practice of subband coding of video, at several target bit rates, is discussed in the last chapter.

Spectacular advances during the last decade have altered the related disciplines of computing and telecommunications beyond all recognition. The developments in the"enabling technologies,"which have made these advances possible, have been less obvious to the casual observer. The subject of this book is one of these technologies--the coding of still images and picture sequences (video).
Digital Compression of Still Images and Video is general in approach and covers all the recognized coding algorithms; explaining their basic theory in enough detail that the reader will understand the principles involved. Results which have been achieved with coding algorithms by researchers in all parts of the world are also discussed. A brief historical review of the area is included to orient those new to the field, and the work is supported by references spanning the period from the earliest work on time/frequency analysis, to the latest topic of research interest--image sequence transmission using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) techniques.
This book will make an excellent reference for graduates and researchers working on image coding and transmission, and will also be of use to those in the related areas of computer vision and multimedia developments. It is essential reading for the rapidly increasing number of technical and professional staff in the industrial environment who, maybe for the first time, are coming to grips with image coding.
Key Features
* Provides complete and up-to-date coverage of all digital image and video coding (compression) techniques
* Includes more than 850 references covering relevant work from the 1940s to the present
* Presents information on new directions in coding
* Contains details on current coding standards
* Describes and explains all algorithms in use for image coding

Providing a wealth of information on fundamental topics in the areas of linear air and underwater acoustics, as well as space-time signal processing, this book provides real-world design and analysis equations. As a consequence of the interdisciplinary nature of air and underwater acoustics, the book is divided into two parts: Acoustic Field Theory and Space-Time Signal Processing. It covers the fundamentals of acoustic wave propagation as well as the fundamentals of aperture theory, array theory, and signal processing. Starting with principles and using a consistent, mainly standard notation, this book develops, in detail, basic results that are useful in a variety of air and underwater acoustic applications. Numerous figures, examples, and problems are included.

The rapid advancements in image communication technologies are documented in the book series, Advances in Image Communication. Each publication provides an in-depth exploration of an intrinsic element of the multi-disciplinary field and together they form a comprehensive overview of the whole.

This volume, the fifth in the series, examines the definition, study and use of the wavelet transform in communications for two-dimensional (2-D) digital signals. The transform is used for signal reorganization before compression and the trade-off between these two steps and the whole compression process is discussed.

The five chapters specifically present the theory of wavelets applied to images, then applications of compression of still images and sequences. Chapter 1 introduces biorthogonal bases of compactly supported wavelets: this generalization of orthonormal wavelet theory allows the use of linear phase filters. A non rectangular wavelet representation of 2-D signals is developed in the second chapter: the properties usually used with wavelets, phase, linearity, and regularity are discussed. Chapter 3 is composed of three parts: a description of commonly used biorthogonal wavelets; a presentation of vector quantization algorithms; a consideration of lattice vector quantization followed by a discussion of the bit allocation procedure (with experimental results given). The fourth chapter deals with a region-based discrete wavelet transform for image coding. Chapter 5 investigates the transmission of image sequences: wavelet transforms and motion estimation are detailed in a multiconstraint approach of image sequence coding.

This volume is an extended description of continuous-time signals related to the course of Signals and Systems. As a time-varying process of any physical state of any object, which serves for representation, detection, and transmission of messages, a modern electrical signal possesses, in applications, many specific properties. To make possible for readers to deal with signals free, the book systematically covers major principle foundations of the signals theory. The representation of signals in the frequency domain (by Fourier transform) is considered with strong emphasis on how the spectral density of a single waveform becomes that of its burst and then the spectrum of its train. Different kinds of amplitude and angular modulations are analyzed noticing a consistency between the spectra of modulating and modulated signals. The energy and power presentation of signals is given along with their correlation properties.

Image communication technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years and the book series, Advances in Image Communication is dedicated to documenting these developments. Third in the series, this publication contributes as effectively as its forerunners to the multidisciplinary overview afforded by the series as a whole. At the same time, it stands alone as a comprehensive synopsis of its own particular area of interest.

The book specifically explores two complementary topics, namely:

the coding algorithms made to compress the data rate of digital moving-picture sequences (video-telephony, television TV] and high-definition television HDTV]) and

the transmission on Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM] networks (packet-switching transmission media). It provides an in-depth view of the current state-of-the-art and endeavors to stimulate increasing research efforts for the future.

In the area of Digital Image Processing the new area of "Time-Varying Image Processing and Moving Oject Recognition" is contributing to impressive advances in several fields. Presented in this volume are new digital image processing and recognition methods, implementation techniques and advanced applications such as television, remote sensing, biomedicine, traffic, inspection, and robotics. New approaches (such as digital transforms, neural networks) for solving 2-D and 3-D problems are described. Many papers concentrate on motion estimation and recognition i.e. tracking of moving objects. Overall, the book describes the state-of-the-art (theory, implementation, applications) of this developing area, together with future trends. The work will be of interest not only to researchers, professors and students in university departments of engineering, communications, computers and automatic control, but also to engineers and managers of industries concerned with computer vision, manufacturing, automation, robotics and quality control.

This unique reference presents in-depth coverage of the latest methods and applications of digital image processing describing various computer architectures ideal for satisfying specific image processing demands.