Following five successful workshops in the previous five years, the Rendering Workshop is now well established as a major international forum and one of the most reputable events in the field of realistic image synthesis. Including the best 31 papers which were carefully evaluated out of 68 submissions the book gives an overview on hierarchical radiosity, Monte Carlo radiosity, wavelet radiosity, nondiffuse radiosity, and radiosity performance improvements. Some papers deal with ray tracing, reconstruction techniques, volume rendering, illumination, user interface aspects, and importance sampling. Also included are two invited papers by James Arvo and Alain Fournier. As is the style of the Rendering Workshop, the contributions are mainly of algorithmic nature, often demonstrated by prototype implementations. From these implementations result numerous color images which are included as appendix. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are certainly an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

The European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) has established itself as a major event in this exciting and very active field of research and development. These refereed two-volume proceedings include the 123 papers accepted for presentation at the 4th ECCV, held in Cambridge, UK, in April 1996; these papers were selected from a total of 328 submissions and together give a well-balanced reflection of the state of the art in computer vision.
The papers in volume I are grouped in sections on structure from motion; recognition; geometry and stereo; texture and features; tracking; grouping and segmentation; stereo; and recognition, matching, and segmentation.

Recent developments in computer visualisation mean that it is now possible to combine computer-generated image sequences with real video, in real time, for broadcast quality production. This will not only revolutionise the broadcast industry, by making "electronic film sets" possible for example, but also has important implications for related fields such as virtual reality, multi-media, industrial vision, and medical image processing. This volume contains papers from the European Workshop on Combined Real and Synthetic Image Processing for Broadcast and Video Production, held in Hamburg, 23-24 November 1994. The papers cover three main aspects of research: hardware, image analysis, and image synthesis, and include several key contributions from the EU RACE II supported MONA LISA (MOdelling NAturaL Images for Synthesis and Animation) project. The resulting volume gives a comprehensive overview of this important area of research, and will be of interest to practitioners, researchers, and postgraduate students.

27 contributions treat the state of the art in Monte Carlo and Finite Element methods for radiosity and radiance. Further special topics dealt with are the use of image maps to capture light throughout space, complexity, volumetric stochastic descriptions, innovative approaches to sampling and approximation, and system architecture. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

It is probably an overstatement to say that the discipline of telecommunication systems is becoming an application of digital signal processing (DSP). However, there is no doubt that by the mid-I980s integrated circuit technology has advanced to such an extent that revolutionary advances in telecommunications are fostered by the introduction of new and poweiful DSP algorithms. Actually, DSP has been recently playing a major role in the development of telecommuni cations systems: to name just one of the most widespread applications where this interaction has been most effective, we may mention the use of intelligent DSP to improve the peiformance of transmission systems by allowing sophisticated algorithm to be implemented in radio transmitters and receivers for personal communications. Other areas have equally benefited by the latest advances of DSP: speech coding and synthesis, speech recognition and enhancement, radar, sonar, digital audio, and remote sensing, just to cite afew. With this in mind, when choosing the topic for the 7th Tyrrhenian Workshop on Digital Communications, whose contributions are collected in this book, we aimed at focusing on the state of the art and the perspectives of the interaction between DSP and telecommunications, two disciplines that are becoming increasingly intertwined. Although by no means exhaustive of all the applications of DSP to telecommu nications, we believe that the material presented in this book pinpoints the most interesting among them, and hence it will be considered as a useful tool for investigating this complex and highly challenging field."

Digital signal processing has become more and more an integral part of observational seismology. While it offers unprecedented power in extracting information from seismic signals, it comes at the price of having to learn a variety of new skills. Dealing with digital seismic data requires at least a basic understanding of digital signal processing. Taking the calculation of true ground motion as the guiding problem, this course covers the basic theory of linear systems, the design and analysis of simple digital filters, the effect of sampling and A/D conversion and an introduction to spectral analysis of digital signals. It contains a number of examples and exercises that can be reproduced using the PITSA software package (Scherbaum and Johnson 1993) or similar programs.

Image sequence processing is becoming a tremendous tool to analyze spatio-temporal data in all areas of natural science. It is the key to studythe dynamics of of complex scientific phenomena. Methods from computer science and the field of application are merged establishing new interdisciplinary research areas. This monograph emerged from scientific applications and thus is an example for such an interdisciplinaryapproach. It is addressed both to computer scientists and to researchers from other fields who are applying methods of computer vision. The results presented are mostly from environmental physics (oceanography) but they will be illuminating and helpful for researchers applying similar methods in other areas.

In Object Recognition through Invariant Indexing, Charles Rothwell provides a practical and accessible introduction to two-dimensional shape description using projective invariants while contrasting the various interpretations of the descriptors currently in use. He also surveys a number of new invariant descriptors for three-dimensional shapes that can be recovered from single images, showing how such measures can be used to ease the recognition of real objects by a computer. Rothwell then proceeds to describe a promising new architecture for a real recognition system. In reviewing a broad field of recognition theory, the book is unique in its deft synthesis of research and application. It will be welcomed by students and researchers in computer vision, robotics, pattern recognition, and image and signal processing.

Over the last few years, multimedia hardware and applications have become widely available in the personal computer and workstation environments, and multimedia is rapidly becoming an integral part of stand-alone, single-user sy stems. In contrast, the problems encountered when moving to open, distributed environments are only just beginning to be identified. Examples are the trans mission of dynamic data (video, sound) over large distances and cooperative work. Following on from two successful workshops on multimedia, EG-MM '94 concentrates on topics related to multimedia/hypermedia in open, distributed environments. The goal of this symposium was not only to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, development, and standardisation in the field, but also to provide an opportunity for live demonstrations to experience directly the presented results. The symposium program consists of two invited keynote speeches, eight tech .nical sessions, one tutorial, and one demonstration session. A workshop following immediately after the symposium provides an opportunity for in-depth discussi ons of open problems among experts. It is intended to fill a gap often experienced at larger meetings and conferences: the lack of time to discuss in detail issues raised during the event, such as the characteristics of different approaches to a certain problem. It is intended that the results of the workshop be published as a Eurographics Technical Report."

This workshop on Graphics Modeling and Visualization in Scientific, Engineering and Technical Applications was held in Darmstadt, Germany, on 13-14 April 1992. Visualization is known as the key technology to control massive data sets and to achieve insight into these tera bytes of data. Graphics Modeling is the enabling technology for advanced interaction. This book contains the keynote papers from three internationally well-known invited speakers and a selection of papers submitted to this workshop. Due to the effective scientific contacts between German and Portuguese researchers, and the results from this cooperation, the workshop was also the 2nd Luso-German Meet- ing on Computer Graphics. The keynote papers present an excellent overview of the main topics of the workshop. Prof. Rae Earnshaw focuses on Scientific Visualization as an inter- disciplinary area of research and application, presenting state of the art concepts and works currently being developed, and the requirements of visualization sys- tems in the 90's. Prof. Frank-Lothar Krause presents Product Modeling as the key for information integration in industry, in particular to support CAD-CAM inte- gration and CIM. Dr. Rolf Iindner introduces the DEDICATED (DEvelopment of a new DImension in Computer Assisted Teaching and EDucation) project, a European DELTA project with a strong involvement of German and Portuguese partners.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP'93), held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1993. Formerly, the events in this biennial conference series were thought as a forum where East European researchers and professionals from academia and industry had an opportunity to discuss their results and ideas with Western colleagues active in image processing and pattern recognition. Now, CAIP'93 has a much more international scope, and in the future these conferences will not any longertake place only in East European countries, but roam throughout whole Europe. Besides invited talks by Belikova, Gimel'farb, Haralick and Roska, the volume contains 114 contributions, either presented as lectures or posters and carefully selected by a highly competent international program committee from a total of some 230 submissions; thus the book gives a thorough survey on recent research results and their applications in image processing and pattern recognition. The proceedings is organized in 20 sections, for example on image data structures, image processing, edges and contours, Hough transforms and related methods, shape, motion, 3-D vision, character recognition and document processing, biomedical applications, industrial applications, and neural networks.

Computational geometry is the part of theoretical computer science that concerns itself with geometrical objects; it aims to define efficient algorithms for problems involving points, lines, polygons, and so on. The field has gained popularity very rapidly during the last decade. This is partly due to the many application areas of computational geometry and partly due to the beauty of the field itself. This monograph focuses on three problems that arise in three-dimensional computational geometry. The first problem is the ray shooting problem: preprocess a set of polyhedra into a data structure such that the first polyhedron that is hit by a query ray can be determined quickly. The second problem is that of computing depth orders: we want to sort a set of polyhedra such thatif one polyhedron is (partially) obscured by another polyhedron then it comes first in the order. The third problem is the hidden surface removal problem: given a set of polyhedra and a view point, compute which parts of the polyhedra are visible from the view point. These three problems involve issues that are fundamental to three-dimensional computational geometry. The book also contains a large introductory part discussing the techniques used to tackle the problems. This part should interest not only those who need the background for the rest of the book but also anyone who wants to know more about some recent techniques in computational geometry.

Learn about the latest developments in Automotive Ethernet technology and implementation with this fully revised third edition. Including 20% new material and greater technical depth, coverage is expanded to include detailed explanations of the new PHY technologies 10BASE-T1S (including multidrop) and 2.5, 5, and 10GBASE-T1, discussion of EMC interference models, and description of the new TSN standards for automotive use. Featuring details of security concepts, an overview of power saving possibilities with Automotive Ethernet, and explanation of functional safety in the context of Automotive Ethernet. Additionally provides an overview of test strategies and main lessons learned. Industry pioneers share the technical and non-technical decisions that have led to the success of Automotive Ethernet, covering everything from electromagnetic requirements and physical layer technologies, QoS, and the use of VLANs, IP and service discovery, to network architecture and testing. The guide for engineers, technical managers and researchers designing components for in-car electronics, and those interested in the strategy of introducing a new technology.

This three-part monograph addresses topics in the areas of control systems, signal processing and neural networks. Procedures and results are determined which constitute the first successful synthesis procedure for associative memories by means of artificial neural networks with arbitrarily pre-specified full or partial interconnecting structure and with or without symmetry constraints for the connection matrix.

There exists a large variety of image reconstruction methods proposed by different authors (see e. g. Pratt (1978), Rosenfeld and Kak (1982), Marr (1982)). Selection of an appropriate method for a specific problem in image analysis has been always considered as an art. How to find the image reconstruction method which is optimal in some sense? In this book we give an answer to this question using the asymptotic minimax approach in the spirit of Ibragimov and Khasminskii (1980a, b, 1981, 1982), Bretagnolle and Huber (1979), Stone (1980, 1982). We assume that the image belongs to a certain functional class and we find the image estimators that achieve the best order of accuracy for the worst images in the class. This concept of optimality is rather rough since only the order of accuracy is optimized. However, it is useful for comparing various image reconstruction methods. For example, we show that some popular methods such as simple linewise processing and linear estimation are not optimal for images with sharp edges. Note that discontinuity of images is an important specific feature appearing in most practical situations where one has to distinguish between the "image domain" and the "background" . The approach of this book is based on generalization of nonparametric regression and nonparametric change-point techniques. We discuss these two basic problems in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is devoted to minimax lower bounds for arbitrary estimators in general statistical models.

Autonomous mobile systems (AMS) are systems capable of some mobility and equipped with advanced sensor devices in order to flexibly respond to changing environmental situations, thus achieving some degree of autonomy. The purpose of this book is to contribute to some essential topics in this broad research area related to sensing and control, but not to present a complete design of an AMS. Subjects conceming knowledge based control and decision, such as moving around obstacles, task planning and diagnosis are left for future publications in this series. Research in the area of AMS has grown rapidly during the last decade, see e.g. WAXMAN et al. 87], DICKMANNS, ZAPP 87]. The requirements of an AMS strongly depends on the desired tasks the system should execute, its operational environment and the expected speed of the AMS. For instance, road vehicles obtain velocities of 10 m/s and more, therefore the processing of sensor data such as video image sequences has to be very fast and simple, while indoor mobile robots deal with shorter distances and lower speeds, thus more sophistcated techniques are applicable and -as is done in our approach- additional sensors can be integrated to allow for multi sensor processing.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the Second International Conference on Parallel Image Analysis (ICPIA '92), held in Ube, Japan, December 21-23, 1992. The conference topics are data structures, parallel algorithms and architectures, neural networks, computational vision, syntactic generation and recognition, and multidimensional models. The first meeting with these topics was theInternational Colloquium on Parallel Image Processing, which took place in Paris in June 1991. The aim of the meetings is to bring together specialistsfrom various countries who are interested in the topics and to stimulatetheoretical and practical research in the field of parallel image processingand analysis. The volume contains three invited papers, a summary of a tutorial lecture, and twenty selected and refereed communications.

This book contains the 61 papers that were accepted for presenta tion at the 1992 British Machine Vision Conference. Together they provide a snapshot of current machine vision research throughout the UK in 24 different institutions. There are also several papers from vision groups in the rest of Europe, North America and Australia. At the start of the book is an invited paper from the first keynote speaker, Robert Haralick. The quality of papers submitted to the conference was very high and the programme committee had a hard task selecting around half for presentation at the meeting and inclusion in these proceedings. It is a positive feature of the annual BMV A conference that the entire process from the submission deadline through to the conference itself and publication of the proceedings is completed in under 5 months. My thanks to members of the programme committee for their essential contribution to the success of the conference and to Roger Boyle, Charlie Brown, Nick Efford and Sue Nemes for their excellent local organisation and administration of the conference at the University of Leeds."

Industrial processes such as long-wall coal cutting and me- tal rolling, together with certain areas of 2D signal and image processing, exhibit a repetitive, or multipass struc- ture characterized by a series of sweeps of passes through a known set of dynamics. The output, or pass profile, produced on each pass explicitly contributes to that produced on the text. This interpass interaction can lead to the growth of oscillations, and hence a form of instability, in the se- quence of pass profiles which require control strategies that explicitly incorporate the essential repetitive struc- ture of the process in their decision making. This monograph is unique in developing the new techniques necessary for sy- stematic control systems design in the form of a stability theory and computationally feasible stability tests based on finite simulations and polynomial analysis. Its development requires a basic knowledge of linear frequency domain and state-space theory and a knowledge of basic functional ana- lysis would be beneficial. The text is aimed at researchers in the area of control and systems theory and should also be of interest to those working in the related area of signal and image processing.

Image processing is a fascinating applications area, not a fundamental science of sufficient generality to warrant studying it for its own sake. In this area, there are many opportunities to apply art and experience, as well as knowledge from a number of sciences and engineering disciplines, to the creation of products and processes for which society has an expressed need. Without this need, work in the field would be sterile, but with it, image processing can readily provide the interested scientist or engineer with a professioilal lifetime of challenging problems and corresponding rewards. This point of view motivates this book and has influenced the selection and treatment of topics. I have not attempted to 1 be encyclopedic; this service has already been performed by others. It will be noted that the word "digital" is not in the title of this book. While much of present-day image processing is implemented digitally, this work is not intended for those who think of image processing as a branch of digital signal processing, except, perhaps, to try to change their minds. Image gathering and image display, vital parts of the field with strong effects on image quality, are inherently analog, as are all of the channels and media now used, or likely to be used in the future, to record TV signals and to transmit them to the home.

Block pulse functions have been studied and applied extensively in the past fifteen years as a basic set of functions for signal characterizations in systems science and control. Written for staff, students and engineers in industry interested in digital signal processing for system analysis and design, this book presents the principles and techniques ofblock pulse functions in a systematic and uniform manner. Readers who are interested in using these functions in their own problems can obtain an overview of the existing methods and the developing tendency of this area. In comparison with other basic functions or polynomials, block pulse functions can lead more easily to recursive computations to solve concrete problems.

The four chapters of this volume, written by prominent workers in the field of adaptive processing and linear prediction, address a variety of problems, ranging from adaptive source coding to autoregressive spectral estimation. The first chapter, by T.C. Butash and L.D. Davisson, formulates the performance of an adaptive linear predictor in a series of theorems, with and without the Gaussian assumption, under the hypothesis that its coefficients are derived from either the (single) observation sequence to be predicted (dependent case) or a second, statistically independent realisation (independent case). The contribution by H.V. Poor reviews three recently developed general methodologies for designing signal predictors under nonclassical operating conditions, namely the robust predictor, the high-speed Levinson modeling, and the approximate conditional mean nonlinear predictor. W. Wax presents the key concepts and techniques for detecting, localizing and beamforming multiple narrowband sources by passive sensor arrays. Special coding algorithms and techniques based on the use of linear prediction now permit high-quality voice reproduction at remorably low bit rates. The paper by A. Gersho reviews some of the main ideas underlying the algorithms of major interest today.

Lewis Carroll once wrote a story about a king who wanted a very accurate map of his kingdom. The king had a pathologically fastidious eye for detail and consequently decided that the map was to be produced at a scale of 1:1. The scribes dutifully set to and, in time, the map was made. The map carried details of every tree, every rock and every blade of grass throughout the entire land. The problem occurred when they tried to use -it. First of all, the map was extraordinarily difficult to open out and line up with the countryside. Its sheer bulk meant that it took whole armies to carry it and a great host of bureaucrats and technicians to maintain the information. Such was the detail of the map that as soon as the wind blew strongly, whole sections needed to be redrawn. What was worse was that all the farmers protested because the map completely cut out the light from the sun and all the crops died. Eventually the howls of protest became so strong that the king was forced to take action. He did away with the old paper copy and decided to use the kingdom itself as the map. All lived happily ever after. There are, at least, two morals to this tale. First, you are almost certainly doomed to failure if you do not get the representation of the problem right.

This textbook gives details of recent developments in the field of image processing, machine vision and analysis. Based on the original book published in Czech, this English edition has been expanded to include 3D vision, neural networks and invariants.

The 1990 Grainger Lectures delivered at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, September 28 - October 1, 1990 were devoted to a critical reexamination of the foundations of adaptive control. In this volume the lectures are expanded by most recent developments and solutions for some long-standing open problems. Concepts and approaches presented are both novel and of fundamental importance for adaptive control research in the 1990s. The papers in Part I present unifications, reappraisals and new results on tunability, convergence and robustness of adaptive linear control, whereas the papers in Part II formulate new problems in adaptive control of nonlinear systems and solve them without any linear constraints imposed on the nonlinearities.