Artificial neural networks can be employed to solve a wide spectrum of problems in optimization, parallel computing, matrix algebra and signal processing. Taking a computational approach, this book explains how ANNs provide solutions in real time, and allow the visualization and development of new techniques and architectures. Features include a guide to the fundamental mathematics of neurocomputing, a review of neural network models and an analysis of their associated algorithms, and state-of-the-art procedures to solve optimization problems. Computer simulation programs MATLAB, TUTSIM and SPICE illustrate the validity and performance of the algorithms and architectures described. The authors encourage the reader to be creative in visualizing new approaches and detail how other specialized computer programs can evaluate performance. Each chapter concludes with a short bibliography. Illustrative worked examples, questions and problems assist self study. The authors' self-contained approach will appeal to a wide range of readers, including professional engineers working in computing, optimization, operational research, systems identification and control theory. Undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science, electrical and electronic engineering will also find this text invaluable. In particular, the text will be ideal to supplement courses in circuit analysis and design, adaptive systems, control systems, signal processing and parallel computing.

Multimodal Interfaces represents an emerging interdisciplinary research direction and has become one of the frontiers in Computer Science. Multimodal interfaces aim at efficient, convenient and natural interaction and communication between computers (in their broadest sense) and human users. They will ultimately enable users to interact with computers using their everyday skills. These proceedings include the papers accepted for presentation at the Third International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI 2000) held in Beijing, China on 1416 O ctober 2000. The papers were selected from 172 contributions submitted worldwide. Each paper was allocated for review to three members of the Program Committee, which consisted of more than 40 leading researchers in the field. Final decisions of 38 oral papers and 48 poster papers were made based on the reviewers' comments and the desire for a balance of topics. The decision to have a single track conference led to a competitive selection process and it is very likely that some good submissions are not included in this volume. The papers collected here cover a wide range of topics such as affective and perceptual computing, interfaces for wearable and mobile computing, gestures and sign languages, face and facial expression analysis, multilingual interfaces, virtual and augmented reality, speech and handwriting, multimodal integration and application systems. They represent some of the latest progress in multimodal interfaces research.

This volume is the Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Multimedia Content Processing (AMCP 98). With the remarkable advances made in computer and communication hardware/software system technologies, we can now easily obtain large volumes of multimedia data through advanced computer networks and store and handle them in our own personal hardware. Sophisticated and integrated multimedia content processing technologies, which are essential to building a highly advanced information based society, are attracting ever increasing attention in various service areas, including broadcasting, publishing, medical treatment, entertainment, and communications. The prime concerns of these technologies are how to acquire multimedia content data from the real world, how to automatically organize and store these obtained data in databases for sharing and reuse, and how to generate and create new, attractive multimedia content using the stored data. This conference brings together researchers and practitioners from academia, in dustry, and public agencies to present and discuss recent advances in the acquisition, management, retrieval, creation, and utilization of large amounts of multimedia con tent. Artistic and innovative applications through the active use of multimedia con tent are also subjects of interest. The conference aims at covering the following par ticular areas: (1) Dynamic multimedia data modeling and intelligent structuring of content based on active, bottom up, and self organized strategies. (2) Access archi tecture, querying facilities, and distribution mechanisms for multimedia content."

This volume and the accompanying software describe and demonstrate all the basics and fundamentals of modern computer graphics. After an overview of computer graphics, the following chapters--complete with discussions and exercises--are devoted to modeling of 3D objects with polygons and wireframes; animation of modeled objects; and rendering of photorealistic images from the modeled objects, including lighting, shading, and texture mapping. After modeling, animating, and rendering, coverage details how to add special effects such as warping, bending, or morphing, as described in the chapter on image manipulation and postproduction. The book concludes with a look into the future of computer graphics and an overview of computer graphics in various fields. The CD-ROM software includes a complete 3D graphics application with a user-friendly graphical interface, which can be used to perform all the exercises in the book.

Some of the best current research on realistic rendering is included in this volume. It emphasizes the current "hot topics in this field: image based rendering, and efficient local and global-illumination calculations. In the first of these areas, there are several contributions on real-world model acquisition and display, on using image-based techniques for illumination and on efficient ways to parameterize and compress images or light fields, as well as on clever uses of texture and compositing hardware to achieve image warping and 3D surface textures. In global and local illumination, there are contributions on extending the techniques beyond diffuse reflections, to include specular and more general angle dependent reflection functions, on efficiently representing and approximating these reflection functions, on representing light sources and on approximating visibility and shadows. Finally, there are two contributions on how to use knowledge about human perception to concentrate the work of accurate rendering only where it will be noticed, and a survey of computer graphics techniques used in the production of a feature length computer-animated film with full 3D characters.

Graph-based representation of images is becoming a popular tool since it represents in a compact way the structure of a scene to be analyzed and allows for an easy manipulation of sub-parts or of relationships between parts. Therefore, it is widely used to control the different levels from segmentation to interpretation. The 14 papers in this volume are grouped in the following subject areas: hypergraphs, recognition and detection, matching, segmentation, implementation problems, representation.

This text is intended to be used by postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students in the study of discrete-time integrals. It focuses on an algebraic approach to the analysis and design of discrete-time signal processing algorithms which renders the Laplace and z-transforms redundant for this purpose. While the material on difference equations is developed slowly, from an elementary base, it is assumed that the reader has a working knowledge of complex numbers and has completed a first course in vector and matrix analysis. Various subjects and problems are discussed including: - The solution of both difference and state space equations - Provides an alternative approach to the use of Laplace and z-transformations - Linear-algebraic ideas for the analysis and design of linear signals - The Design of recursive (IIR) and nonrecursive (FIR) digital filters - The design of classical Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptical analog filters and the transformation of analog filters - The Discrete Fourier Transform and its implementation through the Fast Fourier Transform - Applications of least-squares analysis to the design of linear phase FIR filters, convolution (FIR and IIR) signal models, and state space signal models - Design of digital filters via discrete approximation of analog filters, digital transformation of analog filter, and digital transformation of digital filter - Finite wordlength (FWL) implementation of IIR digital filters including the basic properties of both fixed and floating point arithmetic representations, implication of arithmetic quantizations and filter structure on accuracy and speed of real-time implementation - Written with clarity and containing the latest, detailed results based on comprehensive research, this book is an important textbook for all students interested in discrete-time signals - The text supports the use of algebra-based software packages, such as MATLAB .

These proceedings contain papers presented at the 8th Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery conference, held 17-19, March 1999 at ESIEE, Marne-la- Vall ee. The domains of discrete geometry and computer imagery are closely related. Discrete geometry provides both theoretical and algorithmic models for the p- cessing, analysis and synthesis of images; in return computer imagery, in its variety of applications, constitutes a remarkable experimentational eld and is a source of challenging problems. The number of returning participants, the arrival each year of contributions from new laboratories and new researchers, as well as the quality and originality of the results have contributed to the success of the conference and are an - dication of the dynamism of this eld. The DGCI has become one of the major conferences related to this topic, including participating researchers and la- ratories from all over the world. Of the 41 papers received this year, 24 have been selected for presentation and 7 for poster sessions. In addition to these, four invited speakers have contributed to the conference. The site of Marne-la-Vall ee, just 20 min away from Paris, is particularly we- suited to hold the conference. Indeed, as a newly built city, it showcases a great amount of modern creative architecture, whose pure lines and original shapes o er a favorable context for the topic of Geometry.

The third evolutionary I adaptive computing conference organised by the Plymouth Engineering Design Centre (PEDC) at the University of Plymouth again explores the utility of various adaptive search algorithms and complementary computational intelligence techniques within the engineering design and manufacturing domains. The intention is to investigate strategies and techniques that are of benefit not only as component I system optimisers but also as exploratory design tools capable of supporting the differing requirements of conceptual, embodiment and detailed design whilst taking into account the many manufacturing criteria influencing design direction. Interest in the integration of adaptive computing technologies with engineering has been rapidly increasing in recent years as practical examples illustrating their potential relating to system performance and design process efficiency have become more apparent. This is in addition to the realisation of significant commercial benefits from the application of evolutionary planning and scheduling strategies. The development of this conference series from annual PEDC one day workshops to the biennial 'Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control' conference and this year's event reflects this growth in both academic and industrial interest. The name change to include manufacture relates to a desire to increase cover of integrated product development aspects, facility layout and scheduling in addition to process I machine control.

This book consitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the First European Workshop on Evolutionary Computation in Image Analysis and Signal Processing, EvoIASP '99 and of the First European Workshop on Evolutionary Telecommunications, EuroEcTel '99, held in G teborg, Sweden in May 1999. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the volume. The book presents state-of-the-art research results applying techniques from evolutionary computing in the specific application areas.

This book contains papers presented at the Noblesse Workshop on Non-linear model based image analysis held in Glasgow, 1-3 July 1998. Current models have mainly been developed for image coding purposes. They are rather simple and far away from being optimal and do not contribute to more complex tasks like those needed in image databases. This book meets the challenging tasks in multimedia applications by discussing new sophisticated model-based schemes for a high-level description of images and image sequences. Novel results are covered in the papers presented in this book, opening new potential fields of application like the support for building databases in multimedia applications, image archiving and image sequence coding, including such topics as: - 3D Image Models; Image/Video Restoration; Segmentation and Object Oriented Coding; Colour Image Processing; Database Retrieval; Image Models; Video Pre- and Post processing

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, DGCI '97, held in Montpellier, France, in December 1997. The volume presents 17 revised full papers together with three invited full papers. The contributions are organized in sections on 2D recognition, discrete shapes and planes, surfaces, topology, features, and from principles to applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Brazilian Symposium on Document Image Analysis, BSDIA'97, held in Curitiba in November 1997. The volume presents 19 revised full papers selected from 30 submissions as well as eight full-paper invited contributions by internationally leading authorities. The invited papers give a unique survey of the state of the art in the area. The selected papers are organized in sections on low level processing, document processing and retrieval, handwriting recognition, signature verification, and application systems.

This book is part of the refereed 2-volume proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP'97, held in Florence, Italy, September 1997.
Both volumes together present several keynote contributions and 173 revised papers selected from over 300 submissions. The contributing authors (more than 400 in number) provide a wealth of new results in the areas of image analysis, pattern recognition and computer vision. Among the basic topics covered are image enhancement, image segmentation, image compression, motion analysis, object recognition, image understanding, and special hardware architectures and systems, etc. Among the application areas covered are biomedical imaging, character recognition, safety and surveillance, object identification, etc.

Database research in the last decade has increasingly focused on providing support for non-standard applications. One important domain is representation and processing of spatial information, needed, e.g., in geographical information systems. Spatial data types provide a fundamental abstraction for modeling the structure of geometric entities, their relationships, properties and operations. This monograph is an extensive survey of this field and introduces a new, general, sophisticated framework for the formal definition and robust implementation of spatial data types.

Information extraction (IE) is a new technology enabling relevant content to be extracted from textual information available electronically. IE essentially builds on natural language processing and computational linguistics, but it is also closely related to the well established area of information retrieval and involves learning. In concert with other promising and emerging information engineering technologies like data mining, intelligent data analysis, and text summarization, IE will play a crucial role for scientists and professionals as well as other end-users who have to deal with vast amounts of information, for example from the Internet. As the first book solely devoted to IE, it is of relevance to anybody interested in new and emerging trends in information processing technology.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP '97, held in Kiel, Germany, in September 1997.
The volume presents 92 revised papers selected during a double-blind reviewing process from a total of 150 high-quality submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on pattern analysis, object recognition and tracking, invariants, applications, shape, texture analysis, motion calibration, low-level processing, structure from motion, stereo and correspondence, segmentation and grouping, mathematical morphology, pose estimation, and face analysis.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Scale-Space Theory for Computer Vision, Scale-Space '97, held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in July 1997.
The volume presents 21 revised full papers selected from a total of 41 submissions. Also included are 2 invited papers and 13 poster presentations. This book is the first comprehensive documentation of the application of Scale-Space techniques in computer vision and, in the broader context, in image processing and pattern recognition.

Discrete "H"A Optimization is concerned with the study of "H"A optimization for digital signal processing and discrete-time control systems. The first three chapters present the basic theory and standard methods in digital filtering and systems from the frequency-domain approach, followed by a discussion of the general theory of approximation in Hardy spaces. AAK theory is introduced, first for finite-rank operators and then more generally, before being extended to the multi-input/multi-output setting. This mathematically rigorous book is self-contained and suitable for self-study. The advanced mathematical results derived here are applicable to digital control systems and digital filtering.

Knowledge-based (or expert systems) and image processing have been applied to many domains but, although both fields frequently address common application areas, they are rarely applied together. Often a combined knowledge-based system and image processing approach can be highly appropriate and this book provides an insight into both areas and show students how a judicious mix of the two can result in a more effective system. The authors include detailed case studies to illustrate the two approaches as well as worked examples and solutions to problems throughout the text. Third and fourth year undergraduates and MSc students with some computer science background will find this book invaluable. Postgraduates and researchers looking for an introduction to either area - or ways to combine the two - will also welcome this clearly written and comprehensive text.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, IPMI'97, held in Poultney, Vermont, USA, in June 1997.
The 27 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 96 submissions; also included are 31 poster presentations. The book is divided into topical sections on shape models and matching, novel imaging methods, segmentation, image quality and statistical character of measured data, registration/mapping, statistical models in functional neuroimaging, and MR analysis and processing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First IAPR International Workshop on Multimedia Information Analysis and Retrieval, MINAR'98, held in Hong Kong, China, in August 1998.
The volume presents 18 revised papers carefully reviewed and selected by the program committee for inclusion in the book. Also included are two invited presentations. Among the topics covered are invariant properties, color or geometric, of images for robust image and video retrieval in compressed domain, pictorial query languages, video segmentation by content, and efficient storage organization for multimedia data.

This book concerns modern methods in scientific computing and linear algebra, relevant to image and signal processing. For these applications, it is important to consider ingredients such as: (1) sophisticated mathematical models of the problems, including a priori knowledge, (2) rigorous mathematical theories to understand the difficulties of solving problems which are ill-posed, and (3) fast algorithms for either real-time or data-massive computations. Such are the topics brought into focus by these proceedings of the Workshop on Scientific Computing (held in Hong Kong on March 10-12, 1997, the sixth in such series of Workshops held in Hong Kong since 1990), where the major themes were on numerical linear algebra, signal processing, and image processing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cryptography and Coding held at the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) in Cirencester, UK, in December 1997. The 35 revised full papers presented emphasize the links and commonality between the underlying mathematical bases and algorithmic foundations of cryptography, error control coding and digital signal processing devices available today. Besides classical crypto topics, other issues concerning information transmission and processing are addressed, such as multiple-access coding, image processing, synchronization and sequence design.

This publication deals with the application of advanced digital signal processing techniques and neural networks to various telecommunication problems. The editor presents the latest research results in areas such as arrays, mobile channels, acoustic echo cancellation, speech coding and adaptive filtering in varying environments.