The issue of tortious liability for harm caused by climate change has risen to some prominence in recent legal literature. However, except for a few U.S. cases, litigation in this area remains dormant in most jurisdictions. Now, in anticipation of the likelihood - and desirability - of such litigation, this ground-breaking study examines the extent to which a claim brought by a private, public, or quasi-public claimant against a private defendant (such as a producer of fossil fuels or major emitter of greenhouse gases) alleging climate change-related damage, and based on one or more causes of action under the English law of torts, can be pursued in the English Courts. Focusing on the circumstances and the prerequisites that must be met in order to construct a potentially successful case, the author addresses the following questions: * On the basis of a high-level review of the relevant scientific literature, what impacts is climate change expected to have on the human and natural environment? * What goals would be served by climate change litigation? * Under what circumstances would the English Courts accept jurisdiction in relation to a climate change claim? * To what extent can existing tort law precedents - e.g., negligence, product liability, public nuisance - be used in climate change-related claims? * To what extent does the existence of a regulatory framework limit or extinguish the liability of the defendants if they can show full compliance with the provisions of the relevant regulations? * How would the current law of causation need to develop in order to overcome the difficulties inherent in ascribing certain forms of damage to climate change? The analysis considers each available cause of action in turn, setting out the elements that would have to be established, as well as highlighting the obstacles that would need to be overcome if the validity of the claim was to be upheld. The defences that would be available to the defendants are also examined, and their effectiveness at invalidating a claim is tested. In addition, the study assesses the remedies that could be claimed in law and equity for climate change-related damage. The analysis also incorporates examination of case law from tobacco, asbestosis, handguns, and other relevant types of litigation - including climate-based litigation cases in the U.S. - where comparable issues of multiple tortfeasors, proportional liability, materiality thresholds, increase in risk, and other complexities of causation have already been considered at some length. By concentrating on tortious liability, the author clearly shows that litigation can become a significant means of compensating climate change victims, encouraging regulatory change, and facilitating a socioeconomic transition away from the fossil fuel economy. Although the book will be of particular interest to lawyers in multinational corporations and certain non-governmental organizations, the book's relevance to a much broader spectrum of jurists, academics, and policymakers is undeniable.

This volume discusses a number of questions arising in connection with the relationship between European law and national environmental law, such as the legal basis of European environmental law, its transposition and implementation in the national legal orders, the relationship between environmental law and the internal market. The final chapter surveys the most important EC legislation on the environment.

This book considers what is needed for fairness in the decisions of the UNFCCC. It analyses several principles of procedural fairness in order to develop practical policy measures for fair decision-making in the UNFCCC. This includes measures that determine who should have a right to participate in its decisions, how these decisions should take place and what level of equality should exist between these actors. In doing so, it proposes that procedural fairness is a fundamental feature of a multilateral response to address climate change. By showing that procedural fairness is most likely to be achieved through the inclusive process of the UNFCCC, it also shows that global efforts to address climate change should continue in this forum.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is not close to meeting its mandate to protect American workers, according to administrative law specialists McGarity and Shapiro. Thousands of men and women are still victims of workplace accidents and occupational disease. The goal of this book is to analyze why OSHA has failed and to suggest what can be done to set it back on track. The book, divided into six parts, evaluates the current status of the protection of workers and provides a history of OSHA regulation. The authors suggest four methods to reduce workplace health and safety risks: (1) better management of OSHA; (2) reduced oversight by the courts and the executive branch; (3) a change in OSHA's legislative mandate; and (4) empowering workers to protect themselves.

This important work will be of interest to scholars and professionals in occupational health, labor economics, labor law, and human resource management.

The nature and purpose of legal education has become a topic of intense debate in recent years. This timely book calls for a critical re-evaluation of university legal education, with the particular aim of strengthening its academic nature. The contributors emphasise lecturers' responsibility to challenge the assumptions students have about law, and the importance of putting law in a theoretical and social context that allows for critical reflection and sceptical detachment. In addition, the book reports upon teaching experiences and innovations, offering tools for teachers to strengthen the academic nature of legal education, and concludes with concrete proposals for change. Students and scholars engaged in the debate regarding the re-evaluation of academic legal education will find this book invaluable to their work. It will also be of interest to practitioners, such as educational experts and administrators looking to understand the role of law schools in creating responsible citizens. Contributors include: T. Bleeker, A. Boening, L. Corrias, U. de Vries, M. Del Mar, L. Francot, S. Germain, T. Hutchinson, B. Oomen, C. Schwoebel-Patel, B. Sokhi-Bulley, G. Uygur, B. van Klink, W. van Rossum

This collection considers the future of climate innovation after the Paris Agreement. It analyses the debate over intellectual property and climate change in a range of forums - including the climate talks, the World Trade Organization, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, as well as multilateral institutions dealing with food, health, and biodiversity. The book investigates the critical role patent law plays in providing incentives for renewable energy and access to critical inventions for the greater public good, as well as plant breeders' rights and their impact upon food security and climate change. Also considered is how access to genetic resources raises questions about biodiversity and climate change. This collection also explores the significant impact of trademark law in terms of green trademarks, eco labels, and greenwashing. The key role played by copyright law in respect of access to environmental information is also considered. The book also looks at deadlocks in the debate over intellectual property and climate change, and provides theoretical, policy, and practical solutions to overcome such impasses.

This volume deals with institutions, implementation and innovations in the field of international marine environmental law. It discusses some controversial legal aspects of the marine environment in the context of UNCLOS, as a framework for national, regional and global action in the marine sector. The purpose of this work is to faithfully report scientific expertise, legal insight and policy wisdom presented by the speakers and participants at the Conference. The book identifies major aspects of the current situation and possible future developments in a critical way. Among the key issues covered are implementation and enforcement of environmental conventions; the avoidance, prevention and settlement of disputes; and, liability and compensation for environmental damage. Also included are several articles that discuss the role of the main institutions in this field within the UN system. There is a companion website--andreekirchner.de/imel--specially created to work alongside the texts. A selected bibliography, documents, conventions and links connected to the contents of the book are included to provide an updated and comprehensive resource for the reader.

The book reveals how green buildings are currently being adapted and applied in developing countries. It includes the major developing countries such as China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Cambodia, Ghana, Nigeria and countries from the Middle East and gathers the insights of respected green building researchers from these areas to map out the developing world's green building revolution. The book highlights these countries' contribution to tackling climate change, emphasising the green building benefits and the research behind them. The contributing authors explore how the green building revolution has spread to developing countries and how national governments have initiated their own green building policies and agendas. They also explore how the market has echoed the green building policy, and how a business case for green buildings has been established. In turn, they show how an international set of green building standards, in the form of various techniques and tools, has been incorporated into local building and construction practices. In closing, they demonstrate how the developing world is emerging as a key player for addressing the energy and environmental problems currently facing the world. The book helps developers, designers and policy-makers in governments and green building stakeholders to make better decisions on the basis of global and local conditions. It is also of interest to engineers, designers, facility managers and researchers, as it provides a holistic picture of how the industry is responding to the worldwide call for greener and more sustainable buildings.

Written by an award-winning historian of science and technology, Planet in Peril describes the top four mega-dangers facing humankind - climate change, nukes, pandemics, and artificial intelligence. It outlines the solutions that have been tried, and analyzes why they have thus far fallen short. These four existential dangers present a special kind of challenge that urgently requires planet-level responses, yet today's international institutions have so far failed to meet this need. The book lays out a realistic pathway for gradually modifying the United Nations over the coming century so that it can become more effective at coordinating global solutions to humanity's problems. Neither optimistic nor pessimistic, but pragmatic and constructive, the book explores how to move past ideological polarization and global political fragmentation. Unafraid to take intellectual risks, Planet in Peril sketches a plausible roadmap toward a safer, more democratic future for us all.

This study is an empirical analysis of how the fluctuating legal environment in the courts surrounding obscenity litigation over a thirty year period is an appropriate vehicle with which to demonstrate the dynamics of widespread group involvement in the judicial process. Joseph F. Kobylka traces how the development of the obscenity law from the 1957 Roth v. United States decision, which established the proscription of obscenity through its libertarian interpretation by the Warren court and its reaffirmation by the 1973 Miller v. California decision, necessitated changes in both the behaviors and strategies of libertarian and conservative groups in the active pursuit of their particular goals.

After a review of the shifts in the Supreme Court's doctrines concerning obscenity, Kobylka identifies the various political interest groups, and examines their motives, goals, and the factors, both internal and external, that determined their responses to Miller. He concludes with a summary of findings confirming that the study's empirical approach yields a comprehensive understanding of the fluidity of group politics. Specific group involvement is documented in the appendices, and bibliographies furnish lists of books, articles, and a table of cases. "The Politics of Obscenity" will be a useful, authoritative volume for advanced courses in the judicial process and group politics, and will also be invaluable to academic libraries, political scientists, and other scholars.

EU Anti-Discrimination Law provides a detailed and critical analysis of the corpus of European Union law prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, and sexual orientation. It takes into account the changes brought about by the Treaty of Lisbon and contains a thorough examination of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. The book examines the background to the legislation and explains the essential characteristics and doctrines of EU law and their relevancy to the topic of anti-discrimination. It also analyses the increasingly significant general principles of EU law, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the relevant law flowing from the European Convention on Human Rights. The key concepts contained in anti-discrimination law are subjected to close scrutiny. The substantive provisions of the law on equal pay and the workplace and non-workplace provisions of the governing Directives are similarly examined, as are the numerous exceptions permitted to them. The complex rules governing the rights of pregnant women and those who have recently given birth are dealt with comprehensively and in a separate chapter. Equality in social security schemes is also discussed. The book concludes with an assessment of the practical utility of the existing law and the current proposals for its reform.

This book examines how intellectual property rights (IPR) affect the daily lives of individuals worldwide and how that may in turn impact the health and wealth of nations. While the protection of the intellectual endeavours of authors and inventors is vital for a fair and just society it is important that the IPR regime remains flexible enough to encourage creativity, innovation and the free flow of information and technology that are critical to the well being of billions of people, especially in the developing world. This work examines the implications of the IPR regime for basic human security. It examines the relationship between IPR regime and fundamental human rights, such as the right to education, health and food, and the broader right to development. This book will be of interest to IP scholars, international relations specialists and international security analysts, in particular those interested in non-traditional security issues. It may also serve as resource book for the international business community on developmental and human rights aspects of IP.

This compact and elegant work (equally fitting for both academic as well as the trade audiences) provides a readily accessible and highly readable overview of Bhutan's unique opportunities and challenges; all her prominent environmental legislation, regulatory statutes, ecological customs and practices, both in historic and contemporary terms. At the same time, Bionomics places the ecological context, including a section on animal rights in Bhutan, within the nation's Buddhist spiritual and ethical setting. Historic contextualization accents the book's rich accounting of every national park and scientific reserve, as well as providing up-to-the-minute climate-change related hurdles for the country. Merging the interdisciplinary sciences, engineering and humanities data in a compelling up-to-date portrait of the country, the authors have presented this dramatic compendium against the backdrop of an urgent, global ecological time-frame. It thus becomes clear that the articulated stakes for Bhutan, like her neighboring Himalayan and Indian sub-continental countries (China, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar) are immense, as the Anthropocene epoch unfolds, affecting every living being across the planet. Because Bhutan's two most rewarding revenue streams derive from the sale of hydro-electric power and from tourism, the complexities of modern pressures facing a nation that prides herself on maintaining traditional customs in what has been a uniquely isolated nation are acute.

Adaptive management is an approach to managing social-ecological systems that fosters learning about the systems being managed and remains at the forefront of environmental management nearly 40 years after its original conception. Adaptive management persists because it allows action despite uncertainty, and uncertainty is reduced when learning occurs during the management process. Often termed "learning by doing", the allure of this management approach has entrenched the concept widely in agency direction and statutory mandates across the globe. This exceptional volume is a collection of essays on the past, present and future of adaptive management written by prominent authors with long experience in developing, implementing, and assessing adaptive management. Moving forward, the book provides policymakers, managers and scientists a powerful tool for managing for resilience in the face of uncertainty.

1 Einleitung.- 1.1 Problemstellung.- 1.2 Vorgehensweise.- 2 Handelspolitische Konzepte und Umweltpolitik.- 2.1 Freihandel und Handelsliberalisierung.- 2.1.1 Smith, Ricardo und die Natur.- 2.1.2 Marktversagen und naturliche Ressourcen.- 2.1.3 OEkonomische Loesungen bei Marktversagen mit negativen Umweltauswirkungen.- 2.1.4 Die oekologische Kritik am neoliberalen Ansatz des Umweltschutzes.- 2.1.5 Konstanter Rohstoffverbrauch.- 2.2 Entwicklung der Umweltoekonomie nach oekologischer Kritik.- 2.2.1 Neue Impulse durch die OEkologische Umweltoekonomie.- 2.2.2 Der Mainstream der Umweltoekonomie.- 2.3 Zusammenfassung.- 3 Handel, Umweltschutz und zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen.- 3.1 Handelspolitische Effekte auf die Umweltpolitik.- 3.1.1 Produkteffekte.- 3.1.2 Skaleneffekte.- 3.1.3 Struktureffekte.- 3.2 Auswirkungen der Umweltpolitik auf internationalen Handel.- 3.2.1 Umweltpolitische Instrumente.- 3.2.2 Politisch relevante Effekte umweltpolitischer Instrumente.- 3.3 Empirische Beobachtungen.- 3.3.1 Negative Auswirkungen.- 3.3.2 Positive Effekte.- 3.3.3 Umweltpolitische Handlungsmoeglichkeiten.- 3.4 Bewertung.- 3.4.1 Effekte des internationalen Handels auf internationale Umweltpolitik.- 3.4.2 Internationale Umweltschutzabkommen.- 3.5 Konflikte zwischen Entwicklungs- und Industrielandern.- 3.5.1 Positionen des Sudens im Querschnittsbereich von Handels- und Umweltpolitik.- 3.5.2 "Gruner Protektionismus" und "OEkoimperialismus".- 3.6 Fazit.- 4 Umweltschutz im GATT/WTO-System.- 4.1 Die Entwicklung des Welthandelssystems und die Integration von Umweltschutz.- 4.1.1 Vom GATT zur WTO.- 4.1.2 Grundprinzipien.- 4.1.3 Ausnahmen und institutionelle Probleme.- 4.1.4 Multilaterale Handelsrunden.- 4.1.5 Wichtige Weichenstellungen.- 4.1.6 Die WTO.- 4.2 Die WTO und Umweltschutz.- 4.2.1 Institutionelle Entwicklungen.- 4.2.1 Die Konferenz von Seattle und moegliche Folgen.- 4.2.2 Grunde fur das "Scheitern" und Blick in die Zukunft.- 4.3 Streitschlichtungsverfahren aufgrund umweltpolitischer Handelsmassnahmen.- 4.3.1 Entwicklung im GATT.- 4.3.2 Streitschlichtung in der WTO.- 4.3.3 Streitschlichtung bei umweltpolitischen Handelsmassnahmen.- 4.4 Eine vorlaufige Analyse der Schlichtungsverfahren.- 4.4.1 Internationale Umweltschutzabkommen.- 4.4.2 Produktions- und Prozessmethoden.- 4.4.3 ArtikelXX-Praambel.- 4.4.4 Artikel XX (b).- 4.4.5 Artikel XX (g).- 4.5 Das Komitee fur Handel und Umwelt.- 4.5.1 Institutionelle Entwicklung.- 4.5.2 Das CTE in der WTO.- 4.5.3 Das CTE-Arbeitsprogramm.- 4.5.4 Aktueller Diskussionsstand.- 4.5.5 OEffentliche Kritik.- 4.6 Implikationen.- 4.6.1 Die Suche nach dem Ausgleich.- 4.6.2 Implikationen der Streitfalle.- 4.6.3 Politoekonomische Zusammenhange.- 4.6.4 Grenzen der Abwagung.- 5 Die EU, Umweltschutz und Handelspolitik.- 5.1 Umweltpolitik im Binnenmarkt.- 5.1.1 Die Entwicklung der Umweltpolitik in der EU.- 5.1.2 Die Rechtsgrundlagen europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.1.3 Umweltpolitik und politische Integration.- 5.1.4 Kritik und Unzulanglichkeiten europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.1.5 Der Europaische Gerichtshof und umweltpolitische Handelsmassnahmen.- 5.2 Die internationale Dimension europaischer Umweltpolitik.- 5.2.1 Die Entwicklung internationaler Umweltpolitik der Gemeinschaft.- 5.2.2 Die EU als Akteur.- 5.2.3 Das 5. Umweltaktionsprogramm - "Hin zu Nachhaltigkeit".- 5.3 Die internationale Handelspolitik der Gemeinschaft.- 5.3.1 Die Position der Gemeinschaft im Welthandel.- 5.3.2 Die Rechtsgrundlagen.- 5.3.3 Handelspolitische Instrumente.- 5.3.4 Allgemeine Aspekte der gemeinschaftlichen Handelspolitik.- 5.4 Die Gemeinschaft und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Umweltschutz und Handel.- 5.4.1 Die programmatische Diskussion uber Handel und Umwelt in der Gemeinschaft.- 5.4.2 Umweltpolitische Handelsmassnahmen der Gemeinschaft.- 5.4.3 Schlussfolgerungen.- 6 Schlussbetrachtung.- 6.1 Handelspolitische und umweltpolitische Konzepte.- 6.2 Die Wechselwirkungen in den zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen.- 6.3 Die WTO und di

This reference work presents an analysis of the European legislative framework governing waste management and disposal. Waste legislation in the European Union member states derives in large measure directly from European Community directives and regulations. A thorough understanding of the applicable European law is therefore essential for all those involved in waste management and their legal advisers. The author provides a systematic description and analysis of the framework Directive on waste, general laws relating to civil liability, regulations of specific waste management operations (transboundary movements, transport, incineration, dumping and incineration and dumping at sea) and regulations specific to certain categories of waste (hazardous waste, PCB waste, waste oils, packaging, batteries, TiO2 waste, sewage sludge, animal waste and radioactive waste). It further considers the institutional framework and categories of legal measures that have shaped waste legislation, the basic legal principles arising from the Treaties and the political guidelines which lie at the basis of all current and planned regulations.

Built in to every multilateral environmental agreement is a dilemma: how to incorporate justice and fairness on the one hand and effectiveness on the other. Our immense difficulty in meeting this two-edged imperative highlights the fact that we are, at best, at an early stage in the development of international environmental ethics, and that no coherent and effective ethical system yet exists in this context. This remarkable book starts from a conviction that the principle of common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) offers the best way forward toward the much-desired goal of sustainable development. Presenting a full-scale, multidisciplinary assessment of the feasibility of the principle of CBDR in multilateral environmental agreements, encompassing legal and policy status perspectives as well as historical developments and future prospects, this study identifies issues and aspects in the theoretical and practical application of the CBDR principle. The author responds with in-depth knowledge and awareness to such specific questions as the following: What does the principle of common but differentiated responsibility entail in international environmental law, with special reference to international environmental treaties? How is the principle reflected in the burden-sharing design of current agreements? What problems and challenges does the practical application of the CBDR principle present to the international community and individual countries as well as to the international environmental regimes themselves? What factors should be taken into account when assessing the success or failure of the principle? What is the status of the principle in international environmental law (currently and possibly in the future), and what are its implications in the broader international context? The author examines methods for differentiation from both theoretical and actual treaty-level viewpoints. She offers examples from the negotiation history of international environmental treaties to shed light on the importance of information-sharing and wide participation during the negotiations. Recognizing that, in the international environmental field, problems of economic development and the geopolitics of global wealth distribution soon come to the fore, and that each state's right to development should not be too heavily restricted under international environmental regimes, she demonstrates that the CBDR principle has a strong potential to formally integrate the environment and development at the international level. The study will be of immeasurable value in promoting understanding of how CBDR actually works. It will help lawyers and policymakers perceive how different parties want to use the principle, and to discern clearly what options could be chosen by the parties, which aspects are crucial, and what factors influence the effectiveness of the arrangements.

A comprehensive reference work intended for the business community, sports clubs, sponsors, international sports associations, sports administrators, agents, advertising agencies, sponsorship and marketing directors, licensing and mechandising executives and legal counsels. It covers in detail: sponsorship relationship (contract law); formalities of contract; tax aspects; exclusive arrangements; territorial restrictions; royalties; merchandising; licensing; copyright; trademark policing; advertising; television; video; intellectual property; distribution; insurance; competition law; franchising; packaging; arbitration; litigation; and broadcasting. It covers 26 European countries as well as EC aspects.

This volume explores the sameness and difference between the United States and France in the matters of freedom of expression on the Internet. The United States and France are liberal democracies that are part of the Western family of nations. However, despite their many similarities, they have a number of cultural and ideological differences. The United States is generally France's ally in time of war and its cultural nemesis in time of peace. One of the reasons for this unusual relationship is that the United States and France are self-described "exceptional" countries. The United States and France are therefore two Western countries separated by different exceptionalist logics. Lyombe Eko uses this concept of exceptionalism as a theoretical framework for the analysis of American and French resolution of problems of human rights and freedom of expression in the traditional media and on the Internet. This book therefore analyzes how each county applies rules and regulations designed to manage a number of issues of media communication in real space, to the realities and specificities of cyberspace, within the framework of their respective exceptionalist logics. The fundamental question addressed concerns what happens when rules and regulations designed to regulate the media in clearly defined, national and regional geographic spaces, are suddenly confronted with the new realities and multi-communication platforms of the interconnected virtual sphere of cyberspace.

This book on privacy and data protection offers readers conceptual analysis as well as thoughtful discussion of issues, practices, and solutions. It features results of the seventh annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2014, held in Brussels January 2014. The book first examines profiling, a persistent core issue of data protection and privacy. It covers the emergence of profiling technologies, on-line behavioral tracking, and the impact of profiling on fundamental rights and values. Next, the book looks at preventing privacy risks and harms through impact assessments. It contains discussions on the tools and methodologies for impact assessments as well as case studies. The book then goes on to cover the purported trade-off between privacy and security, ways to support privacy and data protection, and the controversial right to be forgotten, which offers individuals a means to oppose the often persistent digital memory of the web. Written during the process of the fundamental revision of the current EU data protection law by the Data Protection Package proposed by the European Commission, this interdisciplinary book presents both daring and prospective approaches. It will serve as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in privacy and data protection.

A major step towards the comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment is the adoption of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991. The Protocol entered into force in January 1998 and provides a comprehensive system of obligations and prohibitions addressing most types of activities in the region south of 60 degrees south latitude. However, because of the absence of undisputed sovereignty in Antarctica, the legal protection of the Antarctic environment depends on the collective efforts of the Contracting Parties to the Protocol. Have the Contracting Parties adequately incorporated the key provisions of the Protocol into their domestic legal systems? Will the complex of domestic legal systems of the Contracting Parties adequately ensure a 'comprehensive protection' of the 'natural reserve' of Antarctica, as specified by Article 2 of the Protocol? These questions are the subject of this book.

This book investigates the impact of EU law and policy on the Member States' higher education institution (HEI) sectors with a particular emphasis on the exposure of research in universities to EU competition law. It illustrates how the gradual application of EU economic law to HEIs which were predominantly identified as being within the public sector creates tensions between the economic and the social spheres in the EU. Given the reluctance of the Member States to openly develop an EU level HEI policy, these tensions appear as unintended consequences of the traditional application of the EU Treaty provisions in areas such as Union Citizenship, the free movement provisions and competition policy to the HEI sector. These developments may endanger the traditional non-economic mission of European HEIs. In this respect, the effects of Union Citizenship and free movement law on HEIs have received some attention but the impact of EU competition law constitutes a largely unexplored area of research and this book redresses that imbalance. The aim of the research is to show that intended and unintended consequences of the EU economic constitution(s) are enhanced by a parallel tendency of Member States to commercialise formerly public sectors such as the HEI sector. The book investigates the potential tensions through doctrinal analysis and a qualitative study focussing on the exposure of HEI research to EU competition law as an under-researched example of exposure to economic constraints. It concludes that such exposure may compromise the wider aims that research intensive universities pursue in the public interest. Andrea Gideon is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Centre for Law & Business (National University of Singapore) for which she has suspended her position as Lecturer in Law at the University of Liverpool. In her current project she is investigating the application of competition law to public services in ASEAN. Her previous research concerned tensions between the economic and the social in the EU with a focus on EU competition law in which research area she earned her PhD at the University of Leeds in 2014.

Professors Grear and Kotze have masterfully fashioned a landmark work on human rights and the natural environment. This Research Handbook is more than just a library of current ideas about this important topic; it is an intellectual tour de force that stimulates new thinking on the place of social justice and moral responsibility in the Anthropocene.' - Benjamin J. Richardson, University of Tasmania, Australia'As the connections between human rights and the environment become deeper and broader, this Handbook offers an indispensable point of reference. A seriously impressive group of scholars addresses a seriously interesting range of themes that inform and challenge the totality of our understanding.' - Philippe Sands, University College London, UK Bringing together leading international scholars in the field, this authoritative Handbook combines critical and doctrinal scholarship to illuminate some of the challenging tensions in the legal relationships between humans and the environment, and human rights and environment law. The accomplished contributors provide researchers and students with a rich source of reflection and engagement with the topic. Split into five parts, the book covers epistemologies, core values and closures, constitutionalisms, universalisms and regionalisms, with a final concluding section exploring major challenges and alternative futures. An essential resource for students and scholars of human rights law, the volume will also be of significant interest to those in the fields of environmental and constitutional law. Contributors: S. Adelman, U. Beyerlin, K. Bosselmann, D.R Boyd, P.D. Burdon, L. Code, L. Collins, S. Coyle, C.G Gonzalez, E. Grant, A. Grear, E. Hey, C.J. Iorns Magallanes, B. Jessup, A. Jones, A. A. Khavari, L.J. Kotze, R. Lyster, K. Morrow, A. Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, W. Scholtz, P. Simons, S. Theriault, F. Venter

With the rapid growth of global industrialization, there has been substantial consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas along with growing carbon dioxide emissions. Unprecedented environmental and ecological crisis clouded the world. Fortunately, the Climate Conference in Copenhagen signaled hope amid the sluggish global economic recovery. Countries worldwide have been braced for developing their scientific and industrial strategies in the era of post financial crisis with a green and low-carbon philosophy. In 2008, the UN unveiled a plan for green politics and green economy, which is well-received and carried out by countries worldwide. China s 30-year rapid economic development has attracted worldwide attention. However, how to develop in a sustainable manner when faced with acute contradictions between economic growth, resources and environment has posed great challenges to China. Therefore, it is of great significance for us to speed up the study of green development and find a rational growth model. This study is completed by Prof. Li Xiaoxi and the dedication of other leading thinkers in economics, management, environment and resources together with the help of China Economic Monitoring and Analysis Center (CEMA)."