This book is an introduction to the mathematical description of information in science and engineering. The necessary ma- thematical theory will be treated in a more vivid way than in the usual theoretical proof structure. This enables the reader to develop an idea of the connections between diffe- rent information measures and to understand the trains of thoughts in their derivation. As there exist a great number of different possible ways to describe information, these measures are presented in a coherent manner. Some examples of the information measures examined are: Shannon informati- on, applied in coding theory; Akaike information criterion, used in system identification to determine auto-regressive models and in neural networks to identify the number of neu- rons; and Cramer-Rao bound or Fisher information, describing the minimal variances achieved by unbiased estimators.

This book has won the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title award 2014. Since its launch in 2006, Twitter has evolved from a niche service to a mass phenomenon; it has become instrumental for everyday communication as well as for political debates, crisis communication, marketing, and cultural participation. But the basic idea behind it has stayed the same: users may post short messages (tweets) of up to 140 characters and follow the updates posted by other users. Drawing on the experience of leading international Twitter researchers from a variety of disciplines and contexts, this is the first book to document the various notions and concepts of Twitter communication, providing a detailed and comprehensive overview of current research into the uses of Twitter. It also presents methods for analyzing Twitter data and outlines their practical application in different research contexts.

'El libro de S.I. Strong, Katia Fach Gomez y Laura Carballo Pineiro sigue la estructura de algunos textos clasicos de Derecho Comparado, como los de Rudolf Schelsinger y John Henry Merryman, cotejando los elementos generales de los dos grandes sistemas juridicos del Derecho Civil y el Common Law, analizando las semejanzas y diferencias de ambos sistemas con un fin eminentemente practico: atender a las necesidades de aquellos que trabajan cruzando las fronteras linguisticas para analizar un analisis comparado.' - Rodrigo Polanco Lazo, Universidad de Chile and Universidad de Berna, Suiza Comparative Law for Spanish-English Lawyers (Derecho Comparado para Abogados Anglo- e Hispanoparlantes) provides lawyers and law students who are conversationally fluent in both Spanish and English with the information and skills needed to undertake comparative legal research in their second language and facilitate communication with colleagues and clients in that language. Key features include: fully Spanish-English bilingual enables lawyers to develop the broad practical skills critical to success in today's increasingly international legal market covers a variety of substantive and procedural areas of law and includes information on legal and business practices in a number of English- and Spanish-speaking jurisdictions contextualizes information about foreign legal systems and develops readers' linguistic and legal skills through both immersion and instruction. Suitable for use by both individuals and groups, helping practitioners, academics and law students at any stage of their professional development, this book is perfect for anyone who wishes to move from conversational fluency in a second language to legal fluency. Comparative Law for Spanish English Lawyers / Derecho comparado para abogados anglo- e hispanoparlantes, escrita en ingles y espanol, persigue potenciar las habilidades linguisticas y los conocimientos de derecho comparado de sus lectores. Con este proposito, terminos y conceptos juridicos esenciales son explicados al hilo del analisis riguroso y transversal de selectas jurisdicciones hispano- y angloparlantes. El libro pretende con ello que abogados, estudiantes de derecho y traductores puedan trabajar en una segunda lengua con solvencia y consciencia de las diferencias juridicas y culturales que afectan a las relaciones con abogados y clientes extranjeros. La obra se complementa con ejercicios individuales y en grupo que permiten a los lectores reflexionar sobre estas divergencias.

World English is an exciting new four-skills program which uses National Geographic content, images, and video to teach the language that learners need to succeed in their daily lives. The series is built upon clear and practical learning goals which are presented and practiced through appropriate themes and topics. World English uses real people, real places, and real language to connect English language learners to the world. Each level in the World English series is accompanied by World English Writing Portfolio which is specially written to develop learners writing skills from basic word and sentence formation to writing connected paragraphs in a variety of writing contexts.

This lively and informative text examines children's first experience of non-fiction during the pre-school and foundation years. Its careful consideration of different kinds of quality non-fiction, including books, posters, charts and computer software will provide a helpful framework from which Early Years teachers can work. With annotated lists, notes and suggestions for further reading, this is an ideal source of inspiration and stimulation for the busy classroom teacher, placing literacy teaching in a fresh, modern context.

The book offers a rich resource of information, with illustrative case studies and many examples of children's responses to non-fiction, providing:

* coverage of pre-school and foundation years for children up to 6 years of age
* references to research findings on the place of non-fiction in early years
* references to The National Literacy Strategy, Early Learning Goals and the National Curriculum for English
* an evaluation of the place of e-books, CDROMs and video-film in Early Years

The author's zest and expertise helps to give this book an infectious enthusiasm that will permeate the classroom, providing the nursery and primary school teacher, student teacher, or classroom assistant with an invaluable guide and resource tool.

What did eighth-century Japanese sound like? How does one decode its complex script? This book provides the definitive answers to these questions using an unprecedented range of data from the past and the present, including Chinese, Vietnamese, Sanskrit and Tibetan sources, and enables the reader to approximate the original pronunciation of Old Japanese literature.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203510720

Routledge A Level English Guides equip students with the skills they need to explore, evaluate and enjoy English. Books in the series are built around the various skills specified in the assessment objectives (AOs) for all AS and A2 Level English courses. Focusing on the AOs most relevant to their topic, the books help students to develop their knowledge and abilities through analysis of lively texts and contemporary data. Each book in the series covers a different example of language and literary study and offers accessible explanations, examples, exercises, a glossary of key terms and suggested answers. This series has been written by senior examiners in the light of how the new specifications have actually worked out in practice. "Writing for Assessment" helps students to develop the writing skills they need to succeed in AS and A2 Level English. It offers a step-by-step guide to approaching writing tasks and structuring a response, looks at a range of writing tasks - from argumentative essays to data-based investigations - provides Personal Audit Sheets (PASS) to help students assess their own writing skills and make practical steps to develop them, and can be used as preparati

What makes someone a playwright? How do their identities and ideas interweave and co-exist? What permanent truths can we discern from examining existing texts? How can we write theatre that encapsulates the contemporary moment? How do we develop an idea from the embryonic impulse to a full and robust piece of theatre? In this fresh, lively and often very funny book, playwright Ryan Craig makes a case for the vitality of playwriting in our contemporary world and offers a way into writing those plays. From the very first moment of the process, as you sit in a coffee shop, staring at your 'laptop yawning open like some big, gormless mouth, the screen a flickering blank', to seeing your play staged and reviewed, the author takes you through the complete journey. Drawing on his own experience of writing for theatres such as the National, Hampstead and Tricycle and Menier Chocolate Factory, TV drama scripts for BBC, ITV and Channel Four, radio plays and adaptation, as well as commercial theatre, the author explores what practical tools the dramatist can use to write plays that build bridges between us. Full of practical advice for the aspiring - and practising - playwright, this book is also an important call-to-arms for playwrights everywhere, arguing for its necessity in the context of an increasingly fractured, distracted, disconnected world.

This book also comes as part of a pack with audio CDs: ISBN 9781406679304 Talk German 2 (Book) has already helped thousands of people to improve their German and is great support if you're attending a German class. Whether you're returning to the language and don't want to start from scratch or you've completed an introductory course, Talk German 2 is the ideal way to take your German to the next level - fast. With its clear and effective approach, you'll soon be able to engage in increasingly sophisticated conversations and express opinions on a wide range of subjects from food to property, as well as get to know people and cope confidently in everyday situations. Learn faster and smarter using the successful, proven Talk method. Develop your language skills with a wealth of activities to help you learn. Express yourself more confidently on interesting and contemporary topics. Also available: Talk German 2 Pack (this book with 2 x 60-minute CDs) ISBN 9781406679304; Talk German Complete ISBN 9781406679229, which combines the bestselling Talk German 1 (book and 2 x 60-minute CDs), Talk German 2 (this book and 2 x 60-minute CDs) and Talk German Grammar (book). Other languages in the series: French, Italian and Spanish www.bbcactivelanguages.com

This volume offers a new perspective on the evaluation of writing. The first half of the volume reviews research on composing and examines existing methods of evaluating writing. The second half sets some limitations in assessing changes in
composing processes, describes some methods researchers in other areas have used to investigate cognitive processes, and outlines a model of writers' knowledge that can lead to comprehensive assessments of writing skills.

Designed for courses on theories and methods of teaching college writing, this text is distinguished by its emphasis on giving teachers a foundation of knowledge for teaching writing to a diverse student body. As such, it is equally relevant for teacher training in basic writing, ESL, and first year composition, the premise being that in most colleges and universities today teachers of each of these types of courses encounter similar student populations and teaching challenges. Many instructors compile packets of articles for this course because they cannot find an appropriate collection in one volume. This text fills that gap. It includes in one volume:
*the latest thinking about teaching and tutoring basic writing, ESL, and first year composition students;
*seminal articles, carefully selected to be accessible to those new to the field, by classic authors in the field of composition and ESL, as well as a number of new voices;
*attention to both theory and practice, but with an emphasis on practice; and
*articles about non-traditional students, multiculturalism, and writing across the disciplines.
The text includes suggestions for pedagogy and invitations for exploration to engage readers in reflection and in applications to their own teaching practice.

"Describes the quantitative research process--framing analytical questions, developing a comprehensive outline, providing a roadmap for the reader, and accessing indispensable computer and program tools. Supplies end-of-chapter checklists, extensive examples, and biobliographies."

Filled with practical advice from an award-winning playwright, with a range of resources to guide you in the craft and business of theatre writing, The Art of Writing for the Theatre provides everything you need to write like a seasoned theatre professional, including: * how to analyze and break down a script * how to write a wide range of plays * how to critique a theatre production * how to construct and craft critical essays, cover letters, and theatrical resumes This thorough introduction is supplemented with exercises and new interviews with a host of internationally acclaimed playwrights, lyricists, and critics, including Marsha Norman, Beth Henley, Lyn Gardner, Octavio Solis, Ismail Khalidi, and David Zippel, among many others. Accompanying online resources include playwriting and script analysis worksheets and exercises, an example of a playwriting resume, and critical points to consider on playwriting, design, acting, directing and choreography.

Each chapter represents a personal account of a reading disorder through which details of the features of the disorder, methods used for testing, and theoretical accounts are illustrated. Controversies are explained, theories evaluated and anomalies pointed out.
From this emerges a picture of the central properties of each disorder and the contribution of each to our understanding of the reading system as a whole. However, the picture is not complete: loose threads tantalise, some findings are hard to explain, and some newly controversial theories are put forward. The intention is to provide information that will help to equip the reader with the knowledge and expertise necessary to take the study of these reading disorders forward.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.

Exploring French Text Analysis introduces students of French to a range of methods of text analysis, including stylistics and discourse analysis.
The editors provide a clear framework for analysing written French critically. Through a series of commentaries on a range of texts by different contributors, they present a variety of models for readers to follow.
The texts have been carefully chosen both to illustrate key points of language analysis and to present a picture of national identity. Texts including adverts, newspapers, magazines, travel writing, fiction and political texts cover a range of topics such as food, sport, law and the arts. The book also includes a comprehensive glossary of linguistic terms.

In every field of therapeutic practice a significant amount of time is spent writing letters about and to patients. In Letters From the Clinic Derek Steinberg applies detailed literary and psychological analysis to over 40 letters, highlighting why certain words or phrases were used, how they could have been put better, and builds around them principles and theoretical positions based on narrative therapy, consultative approaches and the psychological impact of words and phrases.
Using the context of child, adolescent and family psychiatry, while also applicable to all therapeutic work, the book deals with issues such as
* explaining clinical conditions and treatments
* confirming clinical contracts
* conveying difficult advice and painful news
* missed appointments and other practicalities
Each letter is followed by detailed annotations and discussion.
Letters From the Clinic will prove a valuable tool to all those working in clinical and therapeutic practice.

Intermediate students and their teachers will find this compact manual an invaluable resource for essay-writing and debate in German. Thirty sections provide questions and vocabulary on a range of contemporary issues guaranteed to stimulate thought and discussion. Includes introductory notes on approaches to group work and writing strategies. Topics include:
*computers
*the environment
*young people
*war and peace
*the third world

This work provides a detailed account of word level pronunciation in England and Scotland between 1700 and 1900. All major and minor source materials are presented in depth and there is a close discussion of contemporary attitudes to pronunciation standards and orthographic reform. The materials are presented in three chronological periods: 1700-1750, 1750-1800 and the Nineteenth century, so that the reader is able not only to see the main characteristics of the pronunciation of both vowels and consonants in each period, but can also compare developments from one period to another, thus identifying ongoing changes to the phonology.

One of the major activities of academics is reviewing colleagues' manuscripts, yet no formal training on how to put together a meaningful review is usually provided by Ph.D. programs or professional associations. "Winning Reviews" brings together highly-respected scholars to discuss the fundamental nuts and bolts of writing a review. Insights are offered by leading journal editors and the vital role that reviews play in the knowledge creation process is examined. The book provides a comprehensive and much-needed guide to evaluating and reviewing scholarly writing.

Your knees are shaking, your throat is dry, and out in front of you in the Lerenbaum Room of the Ramada Inn is the 167th Annual Meeting of the Tucson Dentists Weekend Warrior Organization. You step to the podium, there's a short crackle of microphone feedback, and all eyes are on you. What do you say? Are you prepared enough? Will your audience love you? Hate you? If these are your fears, put them away and open up Professionally Speaking: Public Speaking for Health Professionals. In it, you?ll learn how to turn weak knees and wishy-washy introductions into confident gestures and words of wisdom. Packed with examples and proven tips and techniques from the front lines of public convention speaking, this helpful volume has everything you need to transform your next presentation from so-so to successful.Professionally Speaking will help you in both professional speaking and teaching scenarios. You?ll find its practical advice and helpful guidelines will enhance your performance at the podium by one hundred percent. Specifically, you?ll get page after page of useful direction in these and other important but seldom-talked-about areas: how to select, write, and deliver a talk use of voice speech preparation and the use of slides icebreakers giving good introductions and avoiding trail-offs keeping on the audience's "good side" chalk talks the proper use of humorAnyone who has faced or will face the potential disaster of addressing a large audience of colleagues--mental health professionals, dentists, physicians, pharmacists, for example--will want to consult Professionally Speaking before his or her next scheduled speech. Useful as an introductory guide for beginners or a supplementary text for seasoned veterans, this practical, one-of-a-kind look at public speaking will change the way you see your audience and improve the way they listen to you.

Writing assessment programs help place entering and mid-career students in composition courses at the appropriate level, monitor the progress of those students, and assist in placing them in writing courses throughout their undergraduate careers. These same universities also have writing instruction programs, which might include writing centers, writing-across-the-curriculum initiatives, and freshman and advanced composition programs. At many institutions, though, writing assessment is not necessarily considered fundamental to writing instruction, and there is little communication between the assessment program and the composition program. This book demonstrates that writing assessment and instruction programs may be successfully integrated. The contributors analyze the development of the writing assessment and instruction program at Washington State University, which is nationally recognized for its success. In doing so, they provide guidance to other institutions planning to develop similar integrated programs. The volume argues that writing assessment and instruction should inform and influence each other; that they should evolve together; and that they should be developed locally. By tracing the success of the WSU program, the authors directly challenge the use of national packaged assessment programs, such as standardized placement tests.