This is a Classic Edition of Dorothy Bishop's award-winning textbook on the development of language comprehension, which has been in print since 1997, and now includes a new introduction from the author. The book won the British Psychological Society book award in 1999, and is now widely seen as a classic in the field of developmental language disorders. Uncommon Understanding provides a comprehensive account of the process of comprehension, from the reception of an acoustic signal, to the interpretation of communicative intentions, and integrates a vast field of research on language acquisition, psycholinguistics and neuropsychology. In the new introduction Dorothy Bishop reflects on the organization of the book, and developments in the field since the book was first published. A major theme in the book is that comprehension should not be viewed as a unitary skill - to understand spoken language one needs the ability to classify incoming speech sounds, to relate them to a "mental lexicon," to interpret the propositions encoded by word order and grammatical inflections, and to use information from the environmental and social context to grasp an intended meaning. Another important theme is that although neuropsychological and experimental research on adult comprehension provides useful concepts and methods for assessing comprehension, it should be applied with caution, because a sequential, bottom-up information processing model of comprehension is ill-suited to the developmental context. Although the main focus of the book is on research and theory, rather than practical matters of assessment and intervention, the theoretical framework presented in the book will continue to help clinicians develop a clearer understanding of what comprehension involves, and how different types of difficulty may be pin-pointed.

This is the first book to examine in-depth the crucial role of the speed of information processing in the brain in determining reading fluency in both normal and dyslexic readers. Part I explains fluency in reading from both traditional and modern perspectives. Fluency has historically been viewed as the outcome of other reading-related factors and has often been seen as a convenient measure of reading skills. This book, however, argues that fluency has a strong impact on other aspects of reading and plays a central role in the entire reading process. Part II deals with the determinants of reading fluency. Chief among these is the speed of information processing in the brain. Using both behavioral and electrophysiological evidence, the book systematically examines the features of processing speed in the various brain systems involved in reading: visual-orthographic, auditory-phonological, and semantic and shows how speed of processing affects fluency in reading. Part III deals with the complex issues of cross-modal integration and specifically with the need for effective synchronization of the brain processes involved in reading. It puts forward the Synchronization Hypothesis and discusses the role of the Asynchrony Phenomenon as a major factor in dyslexia. Finally, it summarizes research on manipulating reading rate by means of the Acceleration method, providing evidence for a possible intervention aimed at reducing Asynchrony. Key features of this outstanding new book include: *Expanded View of Fluency. Reading fluency is seen as both a dependent and an independent Variable. Currently available books focus on reading rate solely as the outcome of other factors whereas this volume stresses that it is both an outcome and a cause. *Information Processing Focus. Fluency itself is determined to a large extent by a more general factor, namely, speed of processing in the brain. The book presents wide-ranging evidence for individual differences in speed of processing across many subpopulations. *Brain Synchronization Focus. The book posits a new theory arguing that effective reading requires synchronization of the different brain systems: visual orthographic, auditory-phonological, and semantic. *Research-Based Interventions. Interventions to enhance fluency and, thereby, reading skills in general are presented in detail. *Author Expertise. Zvia Breznitz is Head of the Department of Learning Disabilities and Director of the Laboratory for Neurocognitive Research at Haifa University in Israel, where she has been researching this topic for over a decade. This book is appropriate for researchers and advanced students in reading, dyslexia, learning disabilities, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology.

The central assertion in this volume is that the young child uses general skills, scaffolded by adults, to acquire the complex knowledge of sound patterns and the goal-directed behaviors for communicating ideas through language and producing speech. A child's acquisition of phonology is seen as a product of her physical and social interaction capacities supported by input from adult models about ambient language sound patterns. Acquisition of phonological knowledge and behavior is a product of this function-oriented complex system. No pre-existing mental knowledge base is necessary for acquiring phonology in this view. Importantly, the child's diverse abilities are used for many other functions as well as phonological acquisition. Throughout, an evaluation is made of the research on patterns of typical development across languages in monolingual and bilingual children and children with speech impairments affecting various aspects of their developing complex system. Also considered is the status of available theoretical perspectives on phonological acquisition relative to an emergence proposal, and contributions that this perspective could make to more comprehensive modeling of the nature of phonological acquisition are proposed. The volume will be of interest to cognitive psychologists, linguistics, and speech pathologists.

Speech and language pathologists, like all professionals who claim to be scientific in their practice, make a public commitment to operate on the basis of knowledge derived in accordance with sound scientific standards. Yet students in communication disorders are given relatively little grounding in the fundamentals of science; indeed, they often receive implicit encouragement to rely on clinical wisdom. This pathbreaking text introduces the principles of critical scientific thinking as they relate to assessing communication problems, deciding about alternative approaches to intervention, and evaluating outcomes. The author provides many illustrative examples to help readers contextualize the ideas. Her clear presentation will help not only undergraduate and graduate students but also established professionals reason more effectively about what they are doing and why. Though the examples come from speech and language pathology, this illuminating and readable book constitutes a valuable resource for all clinical practitioners.

This unique, edited book bridges studies in language disorders and linguistic theory with timely contributions from leading scholars in language development. It presents an attempt to define Specific Language Impairment, relating it to children of normal and disordered language capabilities. The chapter presentations examine language development across a variety of populations of children, from those with Specific Language Impairment to second language learners. The contributors discuss criteria for the definition of SLI, compare and contrast SLI with profiles of children with other disorders and dialects, and offer a comprehensive look at the Whole Human Language, which ties together spoken and signed languages. Methodological concerns that affect the credibility and generalizability of the findings are discussed and controversies between opposing linguistic approaches to language acquisition are presented. The conceptual thread that gradually reveals itself as the chapters unfold is a theoretical issue of central importance to cognitive theory, as well as to our understanding of the biological correlates of language--it concerns the variability that linguistic competence can manifest in children under different biological conditions and life circumstances. Language Competence Across Populations: Toward a Definition of Specific Language Impairment is an essential volume for advanced students and scholars in linguistics and psychology who have an interest in language acquisition and language disorders, as well as for the clinical professionals dealing with children with language impairments.

In the general study of speech and phonetics, vowels have stood in second place to consonants. But what vowels are, how they differ from one another, how they vary among speakers, and how they are subject to disorder, are questions that require a closer examination. This Handbook presents a comprehensive, cogent, and up-to-date analysis of the vowel, including its typical development in children's speech, description by perceptual and instrumental methods, cross-linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects, and disorders of its production and use. It approaches the problems of vowel production and perception from the viewpoints of physiology, physics, psychology, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, and speech-language pathology. The chapters are logically complementary, and the major sections of the book are like key dimensions of understanding, each adding a perspective and base of knowledge on vowels. The sum total of the chapters is a synthesis of information on vowels that has no precedent.

"The Silent Child" describes a way of understanding and communicating with children who are not speaking, but rather using their bodies and somatic symptoms to express states of mind. Jeanne Magagna has worked for 45 years trying to find ways of helping these children, varying in age and symptoms. Using infant observation methods of understanding primitive states of mind expressed through gestures of eyes, hands, body posture, she has worked in in-patient or out-patient settings with contributors: a group of psychiatrists, psychologists, family and child psychotherapists, physiotherapists, nurses, therapeutic care workers, teachers, parents groups and work discussion seminar members in out-patient and in-patient settings. In their chapters, the professionals and a parent show how they use their observation, empathy and countertransference experiences to promote understanding in the silent child and his/her parents and siblings.This book is particularly important for mental health professionals, teachers and parents who are encountering "a child communicating without words." It will assist them in being curious and nurturing rather than paralyzed by the experience of having to think without the child s verbal response.Contributors: Jeanne Magagna, Nancy L. Bakalar, Melanie Bladen, Sarah Dixon, Alex Dubinsky, Jo Guiney, Bryan Lask, Natalie Le Clezio, Tara Pepper-Goldsmith, Cynthia Rousso, Ankur Sharma, Michelle Scott, Naomi Simon, David Wood, Charlotte Wormald."

This exciting new text offers a comprehensive, engaging, and readable overview to the dynamic field of medical speech-language pathology. It is the first medical speech-language pathology textbook that is not focused on the various disorders, but instead examines the scope and key concepts of the profession, such as clinical reasoning, interprofessional practice, and the continuum of care. The book provides an in-depth overview of healthcare workplace settings (acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing, home health, outpatient care, pediatric service delivery, pharmacology, and neuroimaging). The text also includes numerous case studies that instructors and students can use to explore application of both clinical and setting specific principles as a primer for practice in "the real world." Key Features Chapters are authored by respected experts within both academia and medical speech-language pathology Numerous figures, tables, and photos enhance readers' visual learning experience. Boxed focal points highlight areas of emphasis, special practice considerations, competencies, and cases. Case studies, where students are introduced to patient assessment, treatment, and management examples across the care continuum. An Appendix listing common medical test procedures and reference values. PowerPoint lecture slides for instructors. Medical Speech-Language Pathology Across the Care Continuum: An Introduction is also helpful for speech-language pathologists transitioning from a school based or private practice setting into health care.

Word Aware 3 is a comprehensive, practical and engaging resource that focuses on teaching vocabulary and word learning skills to children aged 6 to 11 years who have vocabulary learning needs. For many children, particularly those with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) or those whose home language isn't English (ELL or EAL learners), the vocabulary of the classroom can be a barrier to learning. This book outlines how to best support these children who require extra help, offering concrete, easy-to-implement activities and resources for use in small groups, to maximise the impact on learning and open up access to the curriculum. Word Aware 3: Takes a highly practical, evidence-based and curriculum-focused approach to vocabulary learning that supports a broad range of learners Includes photocopiable and downloadable planning, intervention and evaluation resources Provides staff training resources and an overview video presented by the authors This book can be used as an adjunct to Word Aware 1, or as an intervention on its own. Although it is most suited to children aged 6 to 11 years, it may be adapted for older students with significant learning needs. It is an essential resource for teaching assistants and learning support assistants and will also save time for special educational needs co-ordinators (SENCOs) and speech and language therapists (SaLTs) who are keen to establish effective vocabulary interventions.

An invaluable resource for teachers, teaching assistants and therapists. This practical book offers a wealth of ideas and strategies to support children with dyspraxia, which is difficulty in controlling voluntary movements of the vocal chords, resulting in an inability to control sequences of sounds or gestures. With over twenty years experience, Lois Addy emphasises the importance of understanding dyspraxia in order to provide effective support for children with co-ordination and perceptual difficulties. The book includes: what to look out for to recognise children with dyspraxia; useful checklists for identification; details on the needs and difficulties faced by children with dyspraxia; ideas for support across the curriculum, in particular the areas of; handwriting, numeracy, PE, reading, social skills and communication frequently asked questions about dyspraxia - and the answers! Lois Addy is a paediatric occupational therapist and has over twenty years experience of working with children with dyspraxia. She currently works at York St John College, University of Leeds as a senior lecturer in professional health studies.

Few activities can match the complexity of human communication. Given its intricacy, it is understandable that the process will not always work properly. When it doesn't, the effects can be devastating, given how much of everyday life depends on communicating with one another. Despite its importance, however, much is still unclear about how we turn thoughts into language and then speech. Debates rage over various components of the communication system. Myths abound, most based on nothing more than speculation and misinformation. It all makes for a fascinating area of study and practice, particularly when considering the importance of the topic. This book provides readers with the basics of human communication without shying away from the controversies. Dale F. Williams, Ph.D. utilizes a panel of internationally recognized experts in all areas of the field to clearly explain normal communication as well as disorders of speech, language, hearing, and swallowing. Topics that overlap all disorders-diagnosis, treatment, research, ethics, work settings, and multicultural issues-are also covered in a reader-friendly style. In addition to the relevant information on human communication, the book also includes first-hand accounts of both people with disorders and those who work with them. Discussion questions are posed to help readers explore the gray areas and additional readings are described for those wishing to research specific topics. In these ways, readers are provided with information that truly helps them to understand communication sciences and disorders from a variety of perspectives. Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Introduction to the Professions is essential reading for anyone contemplating a career in speech-language pathology or audiology. In addition, the clear and entertaining writing style makes the field, in all its complexity, accessible to anyone with even a passing interest in the process of human communication.

Grounded in scientific research on thinking styles and learning, the guidance and advice throughout has been developed to help individuals put theory into practice Provides a unique hands-on approach to managing dyslexia/SpLD Presented in a dyslexic-friendly style, including visual learning aids such as mind-maps, boxed features and colour throughout Written by individuals with dyslexia, who fully understand the complexities of managing the condition

Why do many people with disorders of communication experience a sense of demoralization? Do these subjective experiences have any bearing on how such problems should be treated? How can professionals dealing with speech, language, hearing and other communication disorders analyse and respond to the subjective and relational needs of clients with such problems? In this book, authors in the fields of communication disorders analyse the psychological, social and linguistic processes and interactions that underpin clinical practice, from both client and clinician perspectives. The chapters demonstrate how it is possible to analyze and understand client-clinician discourse using qualitative research, and describe various challenges to establishing relationships such as cultural, gender and age differences. The authors go on to describe self-care processes, the therapeutic use of the self, and various psychological factors that could be important for developing therapeutic relationships. Also covered are the rarely considered topics of spirituality and transpersonal issues, which may at times be relevant to clinicians working with clients who have debilitating, degenerative and terminal illnesses associated with certain communication disorders. While this book is geared toward the needs of practicing and training speech, language and hearing clinicians, other professional such as teachers of the deaf, psychotherapists, nurses, and occupational therapists will find the ideas relevant, interesting and easily translatable for use in their own clinical practice.

Now in a fully updated second edition, this comprehensive and practical book outlines the theoretical underpinnings for vocabulary and acts as a 'how to' guide to developing word learning across the school and curriculum. It is packed with easy-to-implement activities, worksheets and resources that can be put into practice immediately with individual students or groups, whole classes and throughout the school. The Word Aware approach provides a structured framework to promote vocabulary development in all children and has been rigorously tried and tested. Now in full colour, with photocopiable and downloadable materials, it is an outstanding resource that will be an essential addition to any school and classroom. The second edition of Word Aware 1 brings: An even wider range of ready-to-go vocabulary activities Fine-tuned teaching techniques Enhanced resources to develop children's independent word learning skills A step-by-step guide to developing a whole school approach Word Aware 1 is an invaluable tool for teachers and other professionals looking to support children as they broaden their vocabulary. It is particularly suited to children aged 5-11 years but can easily be adapted for older children.

This book synthesizes research on language development and communication disability in Sub-Saharan Africa and highlights best practices for providing speech and language therapy services to individuals with language, communication, and hearing disorders across the lifespan. The book brings together a wide range of international contributions from various disciplines, such as speech-language pathology, audiology, developmental psychology, language education, social work, neurology, neuropsychology, pediatrics, linguistics, pedagogy, and phonetics to provide perspectives on problems, challenges, ideas, concepts, and models to serve the people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key areas of coverage include: Challenges for speech-language therapists in the health sector. Community awareness and the sustainable delivery of services. Culture-specific support of communication and language development in early childhood. Malnutrition, dysphagia, feeding difficulties, pediatric HIV, and related issues. Communication disability treatments, including assessment and intervention, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and issues specific to bilingualism and biliteracy. Inclusive education of children with communication disorders with case studies from Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. The Handbook of Speech-Language Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa is an essential reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other professionals in developmental psychology, speech-language pathology and therapy, social work, neuropsychology, pediatrics, special education, community based rehabilitation, and all related disciplines.

This year 's special issue contains papers presented at the 39th Clinical Aphasiology Conference held in Keystone, Colorado in May, 2009. The issue contains another excellent mix of articles, demonstrating the depth and breadth of issues covered in clinical aphasiology at the present time. As a venue for the discussion of applied research in aphasia, CAC encourages researchers to explore the ultimate social ramifications of different assessment and treatment protocols, while retaining strong theoretical underpinnings related to both neurological and cognitive factors involved in the impairment.

Talkabout for Children: Developing Self-Awareness and Self-Esteem is a bestselling professional workbook supporting educators and therapists who deliver social and relationship skills groups for children with social, emotional or behavioural difficulties. Self-awareness and self-esteem is an essential prerequisite to developing social skills and so this book is an excellent first step to any social skills programme. This resources creates the foundation of the Talkabout heirachy, where self-awareness comes before non-verbal skills and non-verbal comes before verbal, with assertiveness coming last. Resources include: an assessment framework planning and evaluation forms a three-term intervention plan for schools over 40 structured activity sessions focussing on self-awareness and self-esteem all the supplementary handouts and images needed to deliver the sessions. This second edition is presented with full-colour illustrations and handouts, and includes a new introduction by Alex Kelly reflecting on her own experiences of using the resources since they were first developed.

This highly practical resource has been designed to support working memory and curriculum success in the Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2 classroom. Working memory is crucial for success in maths, reading, reading comprehension and problem solving, yet children with poor working memory often struggle to meet the demands of everyday classroom activities. Filled with activities and support for Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2 Maths and English, this book offers ideas for the practising teacher on how to make the classroom a place to reinforce memory skills, and to ensure that those with working memory difficulties are included and supported. Key features include: * Information on recognising working memory difficulties * Practical and specific strategies to support learners in the classroom * Graduated activities for Maths and English learners based on the national curriculum The importance of working memory on curriculum success is becoming increasingly evident, with growing emphasis on testing and an ever more demanding curriculum. With photocopiable and downloadable resources, this is an essential book for teachers, teaching assistants and other education staff looking to support working memory with children.

Many national professional organizations of speech-language pathologists have adopted evidence-based practice (EBP) as the preferred approach to clinical practice. This mandate brings with it an added responsibility for university programs because they need to prepare future generations of speech-language pathologists for these new demands.

This special issue is the first in a peer-reviewed journal in the field that focuses on the teaching of EBP at the pre-professional level! That is, four university programs from three continents (Australia, Europe, and North America) showcase how they conceptualized and implemented their innovative approach to teaching EBP.

Because many programs are in the midst of moving toward EBP, this is a must read for anyone who is teaching or learning in a university-based program in speech-language pathology.

We believe that this issue will serve as a catalyst for increased scholarly discourse on this critical need.

This resource-packed, functional, and inspirational professional guidebook provides SLPs and related professionals, such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists, with a go-to manual for their ambitions of entrepreneurship. The SLP Entrepreneur: The Speech-Language Pathologist's Guide to Private Practice and Other Business Ventures provides a practical blueprint for professionals who are interested in starting their own business or expanding their current business model. Utilizing the co-authors' extensive clinical, corporate, and mentoring expertise, this text sets readers up for personal and professional success by offering user-friendly and meaningful tools. Unlike traditional "how-to" manuals, The SLP Entrepreneur takes readers on a journey from their vision of starting a business to making it a reality. This book is filled with functional resources, checklists, and self-guided exercises that will equip new and seasoned SLPs with the tools to be successful entrepreneurs. This must-have handbook inspires the reader to think outside the box and create dynamic new business opportunities that challenge the status quo. As an added bonus, the authors have included interviews and profiles from over 35 SLP entrepreneurs and other related business professionals. This book will guide you through mindset shifts, provide you with tangible steps related to operating or expanding any business, and ease you into the transformation from a clinical professional to an entrepreneur.

Fourteen specialists from across the European Union discuss current issues regarding Middle Eastern and North African immigrants in Europe, focusing on topics such as immigration legislation, assimilation, integration, multiculturalism, community formation, citizenship, political participation, and religious and cultural identities.
This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Immigrants and Minorities.

Shortlisted for the 2008 Katharine Briggs Award.

For centuries the witch has been a powerful figure in the European imagination; but the creation of this figure has been hidden from our view. Charles Zika s groundbreaking study investigates how the visual image of the witch was created in late fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe. He charts the development of the witch as a new visual subject, showing how the traditional imagery of magic and sorcery of medieval Europe was transformed into the sensationalist depictions of witches in the pamphlets and prints of the sixteenth century.

This book shows how artists and printers across the period developed key visual codes for witchcraft, such as the cauldron and the riding of animals. It demonstrates how influential these were in creating a new iconography for representing witchcraft, incorporating themes such as the power of female sexuality, male fantasy, moral reform, divine providence and punishment, the superstitions of non-Christian peoples and the cannibalism of the New World.

Lavishly illustrated and encompassing in its approach, The Appearance of Witchcraft is the first systematic study of the visual representation of witchcraft in the later fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It will give the reader a unique insight into how the image of the witch evolved in the early modern world.

The Routledge Companion to Dyslexia is a ground-breaking analysis of the whole field of dyslexia by a distinguished team of international contributors and editors, engaged in literacy, inclusion and learning. Their diverse perspectives and wide expertise make this invaluable guide one of the most important additions to the field of dyslexia for over a decade. Dyslexia is without doubt the most high profile and contentious learning difficulty, and it is a topic that has attracted a vast amount of research, opinion, professional schisms, and debate. The Companion provides an invaluable overview of the field of dyslexia with vital and clear emphasis on linking theoretical perspectives with best practice. This accessible text: presents a survey of current and future development in research, with a focus on how research can inform practice focuses on areas such as neurobiology, phonological processing, literacy acquisition, numeracy and multilingualism considers assessment and identification, with contributions on early identification, reading, spelling and mathematics addresses identifying and meeting needs in an inclusive context discusses inclusion and barriers to learning in a variety of different national contexts includes models of instruction, direct instruction, co-operative learning and cross-curricular learning. The Routledge Companion to Dyslexia is a superb resource for anyone interested in the subject, whether in education or related subjects such as psychology or neurology. Fully indexed and cross-referenced, with helpful further reading sections at the end of each entry, it is ideal for those coming to the field of dyslexia for the first time as well as students and practitioners already familiar with the subject.

• Provides an easy to administer, quick to score, standardised assessment of a child’s expressive vocabulary. • Fully revised with fresh colour images and replacement words, where necessary, to modernise the test and ensure items are familiar and appropriate for all socio-economic, ethnic and geographic groups. • Test has been extended upwards, providing an assessment tool for the whole primary age range, for children aged 3.0 – 11.0 years old. • Test has been re-standardised against a contemporary school population.

This practical teaching resource has been designed to give children aged 9-12 the basic tools required to challenge some of the conflicting information which they may encounter in everyday life. With increasing exposure to modern information technology and social media, amongst other things, children are increasingly exposed to misleading information that can seriously influence their worldview and self-esteem. The sooner they are helped to approach some of this material with a critical eye, the better they will be able to make independent judgements and resist undue persuasion. Key features of this book include: * Short texts designed to give opportunities for critical examination, created to be points of discussion with individuals, groups or whole classes * Topics covering seven areas of critical thought, ordered in level of difficulty, including finding contradictions, and detecting bias and fake news * Supporting teacher prompts and questions, as well as photocopiable resources without prompts The ability to question and evaluate information is an essential life skill, as well as a key skill for academic learning, yet it remains one of the most challenging aspects of comprehension to teach. This is a vital text for teachers, teaching assistants and other professionals looking to develop critical thinking skills in their students.