This book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of minimally invasive (MI) surgical options for the treatment of pancreatic diseases. The opening chapters present the state of the art of MI pancreatic resection according to the 2016 IHPBA Conference, offer information on the safe dissemination of MI pancreatic surgical techniques, and discuss preoperative evaluations protocols and surgical planning options. The book subsequently investigates the full range of currently available minimally invasive techniques, which includes: biliary and gastric bypass, ampullectomy, central and distal pancreatectomy, laparoscopic and robotic pancreatoduodenectomy, and robotic pancreas transplantation. Combining the acknowledged expertise of the Italian school in pancreatic surgery and the contributions of many leading international experts, the book offers a valuable guide for all surgeons who perform this complex surgery, as well as for residents and fellows-in-training.

This volume reviews the evolution of information regarding the epidemiology of DCIS and its modes of detection, as well as treatment options as a function of both clinical trial data and ongoing investigational therapeutic prospects. Several of the challenging and clinically-relevant scenarios of DCIS that appear in daily practice is discussed, including the difficulties of distinguishing "true" DCIS from borderline patterns of other breast diseases and the therapeutic implications of differentiating these various diagnoses. Particular attention is paid to pathologic evaluation of DCIS, including histologic patterns and the importance of margin evaluation/margin control. The text also explores the data regarding DCIS in medical research in hereditary susceptibility for breast cancer and race/ethnicity-associated disparities in breast cancer. Written by experts in the field, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Microinvasive/Borderline Breast Cancer is a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of the field, and serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, surgeons and researchers with an interest in breast cancer.

Primum non nocere... The fact that a surgical procedure can leave any kind of pain casts a shadow over this tenet, which is seen as the basis of medical practice and anchor of its principle ethic... It is all the more surprising in that medicine has only paid attention to this paradoxical chronic pain situation for the past few years. Clarifying the knowledge acquired in this field has become all the more urgent for any care-giver today confronted by a legitimate request from patients: Why and how can a surgical procedure, which is supposed to bring relief, leave behind an unacceptable sequela? This is the approach which the contributors to this new subject of major clinical interest invite you to follow as you work your way through this book.

Single-access laparoscopic surgery (SALS), performed using a single transumbilical access, has recently proved to bring advantages over other forms of laparoscopic surgery due to the reduction in the number of incisions and the consequent decrease in morbidity, less blood loss and postoperative pain. Furthermore, cosmesis may be improved because incision within the umbilicus renders surgery virtually scarless. Nevertheless, as with all new surgical concepts, questions may be raised regarding safety, usefulness and appropriateness. This book analyzes the use of SALS for different indications and abdominal surgical procedures based on a careful literature review of the experience of the most important surgical teams employing this approach and also the authors' personal observations. The coverage is broad, encompassing, for example, the role of SALS in appendectomy, repair of abdominal wall defects, cholecystectomy, gastric surgery, nephrectomy, splenectomy, hemicolectomy and pancreatic, liver and gynecological surgery.

This book comprehensively summarizes the current state of knowledge on malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Dedicated organ-based chapters evaluate current treatments and management and provide information on incidence, etiology and biological characteristics. The state of the art in the radiologic and endoscopic staging of gastrointestinal malignancies is described, and guidance is offered on the role of interventional radiology and interventional gastroenterology in the treatment of these challenging tumors. In addition, the book explores novel and evolving treatments, including personalized systemic therapy and minimally invasive surgical and radiology techniques, and addresses patient-reported outcomes and survivorship challenges. It closes by discussing animal models of gastrointestinal malignancies and examining the significance of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. It will be of benefit to all surgeons, oncologists and other specialists who treat these malignancies, as well as to trainees looking to increase their understanding of the field.

This book provides a thorough background to the emerging field of medical robotics. It covers the mathematics needed to understand the use of robotic devices in medicine, including but not limited to robot kinematics, hand-eye and robot-world calibration, reconstruction, registration, motion planning, motion prediction, motion correlation, motion replication and motion learning. Additionally, basic methods behind state-of-the art robots like the DaVinci system, the CyberKnife, motorized C-arms and operating microscopes as well as stereotactic frames are presented. The book is a text book for undergraduates in computer science and engineering. The main idea of the book is to motivate the methods in robotics in medical applications rather than industrial applications. The book then follows the standard path for a robotics textbook. It is thus suitable for a first course in robotics for undergraduates. It is the first textbook on medical robotics.

This book offers a complete overview on non colorectal non neuroendocrine (NCRNNE) liver metastases and describes in detail the currently available therapies. Each chapter focuses on the treatment of metastases from a particular primary malignancy and also provides valuable information on incidence, natural history and diagnosis. NCRNNE liver metastases are rare entities compared with colorectal and neuroendocrine metastases, for which the treatments are well codified. While more publications have appeared on the topic in recent years, an in-depth study has to date been lacking. Furthermore, most published series are insufficiently comparable as they comprise patients with NCRNNE hepatic metastases from a variety of primary malignancies and consequently overlook differences in tumor behavior, frequency of isolated hepatic metastases, response to neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy and interval between diagnosis of the primary tumor and the liver metastases. This book, with its more specific approach, will serve not only as an up-to-date guide to diagnosis and treatment but also as a reference on which to base future studies.

This text provides a comprehensive overview of orthopaedic oncology – the field of orthopaedic surgery that specializes in the evaluation and treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors of the musculoskeletal system. The opening chapters cover musculoskeletal imaging interpretation and the principles of musculoskeletal biopsy. Assessment and treatment of the full range of tumors are then described in a series of well-illustrated chapters. Detailed consideration is given to benign tumors, osteosarcomas, Ewing sarcomas, chondrosarcomas, metastatic bone disease of the axial and appendicular skeleton, and soft tissue sarcomas. This book will be invaluable for both orthopaedic surgeons and medical oncologists, providing a framework for understanding the fundamentals of these tumors and a sound basis for their treatment.

This book provides an up-to-date review of current management techniques for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. It addresses all of the latest issues that have been raised by the discovery of oncogenic drivers and the improvement of diagnosis and therapeutic methods, including new radiotherapy techniques and anticancer strategies like immunotherapy. New strategies for patients with molecular alterations and the management of particular types of cases are also highlighted. Written by recognized experts in their field, the book represents a unique and valuable resource in the field of lung cancer, both for those currently in training and for those already in clinical or research practice.

This Recent Results in Cancer Research volume provides an up-to-date overview of the multidisciplinary management of locally confined rectal cancer as well as colorectal cancer with synchronous resectable liver metastases. The contents comprise the majority of the invited contributions from the Second St. Gallen EORTC Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference, held on 6-8 March 2014 in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Written by some of the world’s leading experts in the imaging, endoscopy, pathology, molecular biology, surgery, radiotherapy and medical oncology of rectal cancer and liver metastases, the chapters offer a comprehensive view on the latest recommendations in diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment. Every clinician involved in the care of patients with rectal cancer will find this book interesting and helpful.

This monograph summarizes state of the art knowledge regarding peritoneal surface malignancies, with in-depth description of treatment options and the results achieved to date. It explores the most challenging problems on the basis of the authors’ very extensive clinical experience and examines the most relevant clinical trials. A comprehensive summary is provided of all phase 2 studies (the only available completed studies) and of ongoing and future phase 3 studies. Particular attention is paid to the results of integrated treatment comprising cytoreduction (peritonectomy) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Helpful background information is also included on the definition and clinical assessment of each clinical form. The book, drawing on data from the entire Italian experience as well as world literature, will be an outstanding benchmark for health professionals and researchers.

This book describes the current applications of the robotic system in general surgery, focusing on the technical aspects of the procedures most commonly performed by this means. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in robotic surgery and presents the most recently available evidence as documented in the literature. The opening chapters review robotic platforms, discuss the general advantages, limitations, and strategies of robotic surgery, and identify challenges and critical elements when setting up a robotic program. The full range of applications of the robotic system is then covered, encompassing thoracic, esophageal, gastric, hepatobiliopancreatic, splenic, colorectal, endocrine, and transplantation surgery. Detailed attention is also paid to innovative applications and future trends in the robotic platform, with inclusion of a special chapter on fluorescence imaging during robotic procedures. The book closes by considering aspects related to credentialing and privileging, such as mentoring, proctoring, and teaching modules for residents and fellows. Against the background of increasing acceptance of the robotic surgery system across the globe, this book will be invaluable for all general surgeons. There is no doubt that within general surgery the system will continue to flourish on account of its undoubted technical advantages, which minimize most of the intrinsic shortcomings of laparoscopy.

This volume presents a detailed survey of cancers. This volume was written by of various methodologies related to diag- 94 oncologists representing 13 countries. nosis, therapy, and prognosis of ovar- Their practical experience highlights their ian cancer, renal cancer, urinary bladder writings, which should build and further cancer, and cervical uterine cancer, while the endeavors of the readers in this imp- the already published Volumes 1-5 detail tant area of disease. The text of each c- similar aspects of breast, lung, prostate, cer type is divided into subheadings for liver, gastrointestinal, colorectal, and bil- the convenience of the readers. It is my iary tract carcinomas. hope that the current volume will join the It is well established that cancer is the preceding volumes of this series for assi- deadliest of human diseases. The follow- ing in the more complete understanding ing estimated global incidence of seven of globally relevant cancer syndromes. types of cancers discussed in this volume There exists a tremendous, urgent demand indicated the seriousness of this malig- by the public on the scientific community nancy. to address cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and hopefully cures. Cervical uterine cancer 493,342 I am grateful to the contributors for their Urinary bladder cancer 357,000 promptness accepting my suggestions. I respect their dedication and diligent work Leukemia 300,522 in sharing their invaluable knowledge with Renal cancer 208,480 the public through this series.

Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 4 Preface Contents of Volume 1, 2, and 3 PART I. COLORECTAL CANCER 1. INTRODUCTION: COLORECTAL CANCER M.A. Hayat INTRODUCTION Screening for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Rectal Cancer REFERENCES A. Diagnosis 2. POORLY DIFFERENTIATED COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA: (METHODOLOGY) Seiichi Shinji, Zenya Naito, Toshiyuki Ishiwata, Yoko Matsuda, Tomoko Seya, and Takashi Tajiri INTRODUCTION HISTOPATHOLOGY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR MALIGNANT CHARACATERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR MALIGNANT CHARACTERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA THERAPY REFERENCES 3. COLORECTAL CANCER: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL; DIAGNOSIS WITH HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Ayham Alnabulsi, Brian Carpenter, Colin Telfer, and Graeme I. Murray INTRODUCTION BIOMARKERS Approved Biomarkers - Problems Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Demand for Colorectal Biomarkers COLORECTAL BIOMARKER HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Methodology 2D Gel Electrophoresis (2DGE) Semiquantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Monoclonal Antibody to Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Immunohistochemistry (IHC) RESULTS DISCUSSION FUTURE DIRECTION REFERENCES 4. METASTASES AND RECURRENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER: DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY Vladimir Obradovic and Vera Artiko INTRODUCTION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Systems and Techniques IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHIC METHODS USED FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER Immunoscintigraphy Based onRadiopharmaceuticals Labeled with Radioiodines Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 111In Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 99mTc Comparison of Diagnostic Values of Different Radiopharmaceuticals Immunoscintigraphy and Positron Emission Tomography Radioimmunoguided Surgery CONCLUSION REFERENCES 5. COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING DNA LEVELS IN BLOOD AND STOOL Emanuela Flamini, Daniele Calistri, Laura Mercatali, Claudia Rengucci and Dino Amadori INTRODUCTION AVAILABLE TESTS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS Fecal Occult Blood Test Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Barium Enema with Air Contrast Virtual Colonoscopy MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS FREE CIRCULATING DNA IN BLOOD Biological Mechanisms of Free Circulating DNA Release Methodological Aspects of Free Circulating DNA Sources and Influence of Pre-Analytical Factors Isolation and Quantification Free Circulating DNA Levels in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis INTEGRITY OF GENOMIC EXTRACTED DNA FROM STOOL Analysis of Long Fragment DNA in Stool Advantages and Technical Problems CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 6. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION OF microRNAs USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Eva Bandres, Nerea Bitarte, Natalia Ramirez, Ruth Zarate, and Jesus Garcia-Foncillas INTRODUCTION GENOMICS OF microRNA microRNA BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF microRNA IN CANCER REGULATION OF microRNA EXPRESSION IDENTIFICATION OF microRNA TARGETS: BIOINFORMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL TOOLS TECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY microRNAs EXPERIMENTAL WORKFLOW FOR microRNA EXPRESSION BY REAL- TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED microRNA IN COLORECTAL CANCER USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Q

This book presents the most recent developments in oncologic breast surgery and takes full account of diagnostic, pathologic, and radiologic inputs. It is divided into three parts, the first of which discusses the premises underlying the modern surgical approach to breast cancer. The second part is devoted to what might be termed the conservative program, i.e., breast conservation and oncoplastic surgery, conservative mastectomy, and sentinel node biopsy and axillary dissection. The final part of the book covers different forms of surgery and other treatments in particular settings. Topics include plastic and reconstructive surgery, DCIS surgery, radio-guided surgery, adjuvant systemic therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy, and the role of surgery in locally advanced and metastatic disease. The detailed descriptions of techniques are accompanied by numerous high-quality illustrations. This book will be of value to both experienced practitioners and surgical trainees.    ​

The purpose of this book is twofold: First, it provides an up-to-date overview of the field of surgical oncology for surgeons in training. Particular attention is devoted to the principles of surgery, but important aspects of radiation and medical oncology are also discussed. Furthermore, diagnostic, staging, and treatment algorithms are presented that will offer invaluable assistance in management decision making. The second aim of the book is to offer a comprehensive reference source on the role of surgery in curative and palliative management for medical and radiation oncologists (in practice and in training) and other healthcare professionals involved in the care of cancer patients. The full range of cancer types is covered in a practical, multidisciplinary approach, and additional chapters are devoted to pediatric malignancies, the role of new surgical technologies, and surgical emergencies.

This is a novel text that highlights the controversial areas in the management of gynecological cancers. None of the topics in this book have definitive answers; they represent the everyday decision-making facing gynecologists, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and other health professionals treating women with these conditions. This book is not to be used as a traditional textbook; it is a text that specialists and trainees will use to help them weigh up the arguments that exist in a variety of areas in the treatment of gynecological cancers. Each chapter will have two or more authors, selected either for their opposing views or for their ability to provide an opposite view or opinion to the other. The content will be evidence-based, illustrating contrasting evidence and scientific opinion in the literature. Each chapter will close on a summary indicating the direction of research needed to address the issues being discussed.

An easily comprehensible and practicable framework for standardised histopathology reports in surgical cancer. The pathological features of the common carcinomas are detailed and non-carcinomatous malignancies are also summarised. 7th edition TNM and WHO classifications of cancers are incorporated, with comments on any associated pathology, diagnostic clues and prognostic criteria supplemented visually by line diagrams. Each chapter's introduction gives epidemiological, clinical, investigative and treatment summary details. Other pathology includes updated immunophenotypic expression and molecular techniques. The impact of these ancillary investigations on diagnosis, and as biomarkers of prognosis and prediction of response to treatment is summarised, as is the effect of adjuvant treatments on cancers. Experience based clues are given throughout as aids to tumour typing, grading, staging, and gauging prognosis and response to treatment. Histopathology Reporting: Guidelines for Surgical Cancer, Third Edition is invaluable for trainee and consultant diagnostic histopathologists all over the world, equipping the reader to produce high quality, clinically appropriate histopathology reports, and to participate in contemporary multidisciplinary team management of patients with surgical cancer.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) represent an opportunity to treat pancreatic tumors before they develop into aggressive, hard-to-treat cancers. Beginning with morphological classification and its clinical significance, natural history, and malignant change of both main duct and branch duct IPMNs, this book covers the whole field of IPMNs of the pancreas. It reviews the various methods of investigation: imaging, diagnostic investigation of cyst fluid, and those using pancreatic juice; and also examines aspects ranging from the development of malignancy to the timing and method of resection, focusing on both main duct and branch duct IPMNs. Aimed at residents, clinical fellows, and pancreatologists who treat patients with this common disease of the pancreas, this book is a landmark in the current understanding and future perspectives of IPMNs of the pancreas.

This book pursues a multidisciplinary approach, presenting chapters with updated information on various aspects of treatment for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Authors have been selected from expert centers in Europe and the United States. The goal of this book is to comprehensively summarize recent data and provide inspiring ideas to optimize the care of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors are fascinating multifaceted diseases that can primarily localize in many organs with various presentations. These tumors are rare but their increasing incidence renders likely that physicians caring for cancers may have either already faced or may be certainly exposed to diagnose and/or treat a patient with neuroendocrine tumors. Over the last years, novel therapeutic options have emerged for neuroendocrine tumors, profoundly challenging practices that had previously been the standards for decades. These include - but are not limited to - somatostatin analogues, targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors, antiangiogenic compounds, but also peptide-receptor targeted therapy or radioembolization. This changing field has generated novel treatment algorithms to guide medical decisions. To better understand and handle the multidisciplinary approaches that are required for optimizing the care of neuroendocrine tumor patients, physicians are now looking for references from experts and comprehensive reviews summarizing current knowledge on treatments for patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

This volume represents a compendium of scientific findings and approaches to the study of angiogenesis in cancer. The second edition of Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy is intended to give a current perspective on the state-of-the-art of angiogenensis and therapy directed at this process. Antiangiogenesis is a dynamic and evolving field in oncology. New therapeutic targets continue to emerge followed by the rapid development of new therapeutic agents to be investigated in clinical trials. Optimizing the therapeutic potential of antiangiogenic agents in combination with the other therapies in the armamentarium to fight cancer will be an on-going challenge.

This thesis focuses on a novel radio-guided surgery technique for complete tumor resections. It describes all aspects of the intraoperative probe, as well as testing and simulation of the novel technique. The presentation develops the technique from the initial idea to realistic feasibility studies that have been the subject of a press release of the American Society of Nuclear Medicine. Just a year after completing this work, the technique has now been tested for the first time on a meningioma patient, confirming all of the predictions made in this thesis.

This third edition expands upon the role of anticoagulants in clinical practice. In addition, it summarizes new developments in the field and provides evidence-based guidelines for the use of anticoagulants in routine day-to-day practice. The Handbook of Thromboprophylaxis Third Edition is a key resource for all physicians with an interest in thromboprophylaxis.

This book provides a state-of-the-art review of the role of radiation therapy in various pelvic malignancies as well as the consequences of the radiation in the pelvic tissues. With sections covering the role of radiation therapy in the various pelvic malignancies, the pathophysiology of radiation related injury and the risk factors that increase the possibility of such an injury, and the latest in medical, endoscopic and surgical therapies for these radiation related complications the text offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of radiation therapy in the human pelvis, its role and the adverse effects on the pelvic organs. Written by experts in the field with readers in mind, Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancy and its Consequences is the first of its kind standalone reference on the subject. Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancy and its Consequences is of great value to urologists, medical radiation and gynecological oncologists, and gastroenterologists.

This volume provides the most comprehensive coverage of clinical management of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer available. Authored by leaders in the field, the book focuses on current clinical management of this disease stage, the importance of multimodality treatment algorithms, and an interdisciplinary approach to care. Surgical chapters are well-illustrated to provide surgeons and surgical trainees with important technical pearls. Clinical trials and trial design are also discussed. Multimodality Management of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer is a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, general surgeons, and trainees interested in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.