This book clearly chronicles the evolution of Chinese VAT regulations, with a particular focus on the reforms of recent years. Covering all the provisions of the laws related to VAT, it also provides examples and implementation instructions. Practically structured and easy to consult, it allows readers to quickly find answers to questions that may arise in the course of their work. As such, the book is a valuable tool for accountants, advisors, lawyers, public officials and anyone working in the sector.

This newest volume in Praeger's National Tax Association series examines the taxation of business property. Experts from the corporate and academic world address the crucial matters of: the changing business property tax base and its impact on local government economic health; the emerging legal issues in business property taxation; uniformity as a tax policy objective; the enforcement of uniformity; issues concerning the valuation of business property; and the appropriate role of business property taxation. This volume will be of interest to tax specialists in business and government.

Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation is an internationally refereed publication devoted to environmental taxation issues on a worldwide basis. It seeks to provide insights and analysis for achieving environmental goals through tax policy. By sharing the perspectives of the authors in response to the diverse challenges posed by environmental taxation issues, effective approaches used in one country may be considered and possibly implemented by governmental authorities in other countries. This volume (the second in the series) contains 37 articles written by authors from 12 countries, with the articles grouped into five categories by topic. Preliminary drafts of the articles were presented at the Fourth Annual Global Conference on Environmental Taxation Issues held on June 5-7 2003 in Sydney, Australia. The articles in this volume were selected after being subjected to a rigorous peer review process. The articles are interesting, thought provoking, and have been written by some of the best environmental taxation scholars in the world.

Scholarly analysis of corporate law in the United States has come to be dominated by an economic approach. Professor Hill and Professor McDonnell here draw together seminal articles which represent major milestones along the road that economics has traveled in coming to play this central role in corporate law scholarship. The focus is on the analysis of corporate law, drawing mainly upon legal scholarship and particularly on US scholarship, which is the originator of the application of modern economic analysis to corporate law and has had much influence in other countries.Beginning with several of the key works on the economics of the firm which have most heavily influenced legal scholarship, the title explores the central legal role of the board of directors and state competition for corporate charters. It further considers the role of hostile takeovers and board defenses against them and the effectiveness of shareholder suits and other agency mechanisms. 31 articles, dating from 1931 to 2006 Contributors include: L.A. Bebchuk, A.A. Berle, Jr., B.S. Black, H. Hansmann, R. Kraakman, H. Manne, M.J. Roe, R. Romano, O. Williamson

In Politics, Taxes, and the Pulpit, Nina J. Crimm and Laurence H. Winer examine the provocative mix of religion, politics, and taxes involved in the controversy over houses of worship engaging in electoral political speech. The authors analyze the dilemmas associated with federal tax subsidies benefiting nonprofit houses of worship conditioned on their refraining from political campaign speech. The Supreme Court's recent Citizens United decision invalidating federal campaign finance restrictions on corporations' political campaign speech makes the remaining, analogous restrictive tax laws constraining many nonprofit entities all the more singular and problematic, particularly for houses of worship. Crimm and Winer explore the multifaceted constitutional tensions arising from this legal structure and implicating all fundamental values embodied in the First Amendment: free speech and free press, the free exercise of religion, and the avoidance of government establishment of religion. They also examine the history and economics of taxation of houses of worship. The authors conclude that there exists no means of fully resolving the irreconcilable clashes in a constitutionally permissible and politically and socially palatable manner. Nonetheless, Crimm and Winer offer several feasible legislative proposals for reforming tax provisions that likely will generate considerable debate. If Congress adopts the proposed reforms, however, the revised system should substantially ameliorate the disquieting constitutional tensions induced by the current tax laws and curb the growing emotionally charged atmosphere about the role of religion in the public sphere.

This major new contribution to the literature on charity law is the result of collaboration between an expert academic and a leading practitioner in the field. The combination of their different skills and experience produces an in-depth analysis of the law that is informed both by detailed scholarship and an understanding of how charity law really operates in practice today. It incorporates analysis of the likely effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 and of the important changes made by The Finance Act 2000 and The Trustee Act 2000.

Due to historical reasons, the issue of taxation of agricultural activity in Poland is of a social, economic, and even political importance. Therefore, from the Polish point of view, taxation of the agricultural activity is one of the most controversial issues of tax law. The main scope of the monograph is to cover not only theoretical, but also practical verification of the applied Polish regulations regarding taxation of agriculture. The numerous conclusions contained in the book relating to the tax regulation are supplemented by the outline of the final model of the taxation of land and agricultural incomes in Poland.

This collection includes essays by eleven leading public health experts, economists, physicians, political scientists, and lawyers, whose activities encompass Congressional testimonies, Surgeon General's reports on youth smoking, and clinical trials for drugs for smoking cessation. They analyze specific strategies that have been used to influence tobacco use, including taxation, regulation of advertising and promotion, regulation of indoor smoking, control of youth access to cigarettes and other tobacco products, litigation, and subsidies of smoking cessation, and set them against the latest scientific findings about tobacco and the changing cultural and political setting against which policy decisions are being made.

This book seeks to provide an extensive analysis of the equitable doctrine of marshalling in the way that it applies to secured debt. There is detailed and systematic reference to the application of marshalling in the United Kingdom, in particular the conditions that must be satisfied before marshalling will assist a secured creditor and the limitations imposed on its effective operation. There is also substantial comparative material with extensive analysis of Commonwealth law and selected US authorities. This book will appeal equally to those specialists working in equity, banking and finance law and to commercial lawyers more generally.

Whether employers are self-administering their 403(b) plans, or are using a Third Party Administrator (TPA), the in depth information in this book will provide a guide to the regulations, and the tools needed to correctly operate the plan. Busy School Business Officials can use this guide with payroll or Human Resources personnel to train them in the proper day to day operation of the plan and avoid the pitfalls that would create plan violations. The material is invaluable in maintaining oversight of the TPA, and the providers of product and investments. SBOs using previous editions of the book have reported that its use has provided an "all in one" resource for a step by step program to a worry-free 403(b) plan that benefits both the employer and the employees in this time of concerns about basic pension and social security benefits." The 4th edition contains all available guidance at press time, including the IRS document approval program, and correction procedures for plan failures.

These are the papers from the 2014 Cambridge Tax Law History Conference revised and reviewed for publication. The papers fall within six basic themes. Two papers focus on colonialism and empire dealing with early taxation in colonial New Zealand and New South Wales. Two papers deal with fiscal federalism; one on Australia in the first half of the twentieth century and the other with goods and services taxation in China. Another two papers are international in character; one considers development of the first Australia-United States tax treaty and the other development of the first League of Nations model tax treaties. Four papers focus on UK income tax; one on source, another on retention at source, a third on the use of finance bills and the fourth on establishment of the Board of Referees. Three papers deal with tax and status; one with the tax profession, another with the medical profession and a third with aristocrats. The final three papers deal with tax theorists, one with David Hume, another focused on capital transfer tax scholarship and a final paper on the tax state in the global era.

This user-friendly book aims to summarize the principal topics of Chinese Taxation and offers readers a general overview of the Chinese Taxation and informative updates on tax changes. The book provides a variety of facts, figures, graphs and data in an easy-to read table format. Firstly, the book proposes an introduction to taxation and to the Chinese tax system, secondly, it focuses on direct taxes, indirect taxes and other taxes and, in the end, it covers international taxation. Moreover, the book offers a quick overview of the Chinese M&A taxation and of the Chinese Free Trade Zones.

Tax law is one of the legal fields with the most subtle influence on European integration and EU law. The European economic cooperation project emerged with the customs union, essentially a tax law concept, and evolved alongside other topics of tax harmonization. Still, the existence of the EU tax law is disputed. The research on the topic is significant, as the integration of national economies and markets has increased substantially, both within the EU and globally. This has put a strain on domestic tax rules, which are subject to the demands of the international taxation requirements. This book explores the relationship between tax avoidance regulation and sovereignty within the European Union, analyzing the impact of the effective regulatory methods for limiting and eliminating aggressive tax planning by multinational companies. Focusing on analyzing good practice in fiscal regulation efficiency and the results generated by the tax jurisprudence both at national and European level, its main objective is to present the argument for inter-dependency between taxation and the current changes in the concept of sovereignty. It highlights where fiscal regulation has led to uniform, yet flexible, solutions for the actual fight against companies' abusive fiscal conduct, when taking advantage of tax competition. This text will be of value to academics, researchers, and advanced students in tax law and tax avoidance regulation and their intersection with sovereignty in the context of the European Union.

The purpose of this book is to compare different solutions adopted by nine industrialized countries to common problems of income tax design. As in other legal domains, comparative study of income taxation can provide fresh perspectives from which to examine a particular national system. Increasing economic globalization also makes understanding foreign tax systems relevant to a growing set of transnational business transactions. Comparative study is, however, notoriously difficult. Full understanding of a foreign tax system may require mastery not only of a foreign language, but also of foreign business and legal cultures. It would be the work of a lifetime for a single individual to achieve that level of understanding of the nine income taxes compared in this volume. Suppose, however, that an international group of tax law professors, each expert in his own national system, were asked to describe how that system resolved specific problems of income tax design with respect to individuals, business organizations, and international transactions. Suppose further that the leaders of the group wove the resulting answers into a single continuous exposition, which was then reviewed and critiqued by a wider group of tax teachers. The resulting text would provide a convenient an comprehensive introduction to foreign approaches to income taxation for teachers, students, policy-makers and practitioners. That is the path followed by Hugh Ault and Brian Arnold and their collaborators in the development of this fascinating book. Henceforth, a reader interested in how other developed countries resolve such structural issues as the taxation of fringe benefits, the effect of unrealized appreciation at death, the classification of business entities, expatriation to avoid taxes, and so on, can turn to this volume for an initial answer. This book should greatly facilitate comparative analysis in teaching and writing about taxation in the US and elsewhere.

The major industrial nations enter the 1990s in the midst of land booms offering riches for a few but unemployment for many. Banks in TEXAS were bankrupted by massive speculation in real estate. Even embassies had to abandon their offices because they could not afford the rents in TOKYO. In BRITAIN, the spoils from housing - the direct result of the way the land market operates - enriched owner-occupiers but crippled the flow of workers into regions where entrepreneurs wanted to invest and lead the economy back to full-employment. Fred Harrison's thesis is that land speculation is the major cause of depressions. He shows how the land market functions as a junction box which regulates the power flowing between Labour and Capital. And how land speculation periodically throws the switches on the productive power of men and machines, causing economic stagnation. This theory was acknowledged by philosophers such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and social reformers ranging from Winston Churchill to Leo Tolstoy, but it has been forgotten by today's economists and policy-makers. The hypothesis is tested against the historical facts and the recent booms and slumps, and is found to offer a powerful explanation for postwar trends in unemployment and the distribution of income. The Power in the Land challenges the pessimistic belief, nurtured by the depressions of the last two decades, that unemployment is now a permanent feature of late 20th century society. The author elaborates policies, based on a radical reform of the tax system, which would banish involuntary unemployment and generate continuous economic growth. Author Details: Fred Harrison is Executive Director for the Land Research Trust. He studied economics at Oxford, first at Ruskin College and then at University College, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. His MSc is from the University of London. Reviews: "This is a brilliantly-written and extremely readable book ... not unduly difficult for those with no more than an elementary grasp of economic concepts." Journal of General Management "Harrison's book is a formidable challenge to the apologists for the status quo which raises, and goes a long way toward answering, the questions that gnaw at the intellects and consciences of all thinking men and women." The American Journal of Economics and Sociology "In his book, The Power in the Land, first published in 1983, Harrison, correctly forecast property prices would peak in 1989 as well as the recession that followed it." The Full Interview with Ed Magnus is available here: www.thisismoney.co.uk (Financial Website of the Year and part of the Daily Mail Group)

This topical book is the first publication that focuses on the impact of the CCCTB project on relations between the European Union and third countries. Although the CCCTB system will only be applicable within the European Union, it will also have wide-ranging impacts for non-resident companies.The book considers the impact of the CCCTB from the perspective of non-EU-based enterprises that are carrying on business in the EU through the operation of branches or subsidiaries in member states. It incorporates the perspectives of leading scholars from all over Europe as well as from third countries such as the United States, and provides in-depth analysis of the key aspects which would affect third countries, such as: withholding taxation, taxation of transparent entities, and transfer of assets to third countries. Corporate Income Taxation in Europe will provide essential insights to academics, practitioners and policymakers in the field of taxation. It will also interest those looking ahead to future tax reforms in the EU, or considering how a similar model may be applied elsewhere. Contributors: K. Andersson, K. Becker, Y. Brauner, J. Englisch, D. Gutmann, C.-A. Helleputte, W. Hellerstein, C. HJI Panayi, C. Kaeser, M.A. Kane, T. Keijzer, E.C.C.M. Kemmeren, R. Lyal, G. Maisto, P. Pistone, R. Seer, D.S. Smit, C. Spengel, J. van de Streek, E. Traversa, D. Weber

Now established as the definitive text in the important area of Revenue Law. This completely revised edition incorporates all of the most recent changes in the law in this important area and now incorporates an entire section on the law relating to Value Added Tax. The principles and policy behind the development and application of revenue law are explored through a contextual approach which helps the reader develop an understanding of their many complex rules and reform. The book will be invaluable to undergraduate and professional students of law, accountancy, business and taxation on traditional as well as open learning courses. It will also serve as an essential reference guide for practitioners of law, accountancy and taxation.

The Foundations of Public Finance presents the most important articles and papers tracing the development of public finance from the earliest tolls and customs duties levied on goods and land to more complex tax systems up to 1950.A signal contribution of this collection is that it allows the founding fathers to describe the development of different schools or doctrines in their own words. It is a fascinating story showing how economic analysis develops partly as a response to the need to gain a deeper insight into practical questions such as 'how progressive should a tax systems be?'. The volume is a companion to and complements Modern Public Finance edited by A.B. Atkinson (also in The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics series) which covers the recent developments in public finance from 1950.

This is the story of how a small island on the edge of Europe became one of the world's major tax havens. From global corporations such as Apple and Google, to investment bankers and mainstream politicians, those taking advantage of Ireland's pro-business tax laws and shadow banking system have amassed untold riches at enormous social cost to ordinary people at home and abroad. Tax Haven Ireland uncovers the central players in this process and exposes the coverups employed by the Irish state, with the help of accountants, lawyers and financial services companies. From the lucrative internet porn industry to corruption in the property market, this issue distorts the economy across the state and in the wider international system, and its history runs deep, going back the country's origins as a British colonial outpost. Today, in the wake of Brexit and in the shadow of yet another economic crash, what can be done to prevent such dangerous behaviour and reorganise our economies to invest in the people? Can Ireland - and all of us - build an alternative economy based on fairness and democratic values?