This volume presents the reports and discussions held at the conference of the "Association of German Constitutional Teachers" in Erlangen from October, 1st to October, 4th, 2008.

The volume presents the reports and discussions held at the conference of the a oeAssociation of German Constitutional Law Teachersa in Freiburg from October 3rd to October 6th, 2007.

Within the European Union, direct taxation is an area which often provokes controversy due to tensions between the tax sovereignty of the individual Member States and the desire for an integrated internal market. This book offers a critical review of the legislative and case-law developments in this area at the EU level, and reviews the European Commission's proposed solutions in light of their concerns regarding the proper functioning of the EU's internal market. Luca Cerioni set out a series of benchmarks determined from the objectives expressed by the European Commission, including: the elimination of double taxation and double non-taxation; the simplification of cross-border tax compliance; the reduction of abusive forum-shopping practices and general aggressive tax planning strategies; legal certainty for all businesses and individuals carrying on activities and receiving income in more than one EU Member State. Cerioni uses these benchmarks to ask which Directives and/or rulings have left legal uncertainty, and which have ended up creating or increasing the scope for aggressive tax planning. The book puts forward a comprehensive solution for a new optimal regime relating to tax residence, which would contribute to the EU project to the mutual benefit of Member States and taxpayers. As a thorough and critical discussion of EU tax rules in force, and of the European Court's case law in direct taxation, this book will be of great use to academic researchers and students of EU law, tax practitioners, and policy-makers at the EU and national level.

This book offers clear and practical guidance on the application of VAT to property transactions providing assistance to individuals, property businesses and professionals. It covers guidance on VAT and property issues including: Introduction to VAT concepts: VAT terminology, Legislation, Definitions. Land Transactions Residential property: New build, Extension and refurbishment, Renovations and alterations, Conversions, Facilities for the disabled, Transactions between landlord and tenant, DIY house builders, Caravans and houseboats, Listed/protected buildings. Residential and charitable use buildings, Housing Associations, Cultural bodies Commercial property: Construction industry, the election to waive exemption, Supplies not affected, Making an election, Revoking an election, Input tax claims, Avoidance rules, Premiums, surrenders and inducements, Specialist services, Transfer of a business as a going concern Anti-avoidance legislation Guarantees, Partial exemption, Input tax recovery, the capital items scheme. Includes detailed HMRC guidance and forms on CD-ROM.

The U.S. corporate income tax - and in particular the double taxation of corporate income - has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as we know it today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. Professor Steven A. Bank explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.

The first complete collection of constitutions and draughts of constitutions from Switzerland 1791 to 1865, includes approx. 470 national and cantonal documents. The documents are printed in their original languages. Vol. III encompasses 66 cantonal documents Aargau - Basel Stadt.

This book examines the relationship between tax law and crisis. In times of environmental, financial, and public health breakdown, policymakers look to tax for solutions. Yet these crises also constrain the ways in which tax liabilities can be imposed and administered, and limit the revenues that can be collected. What should governments do in these circumstances and what are the wider consequences for states, societies, and institutions such as the EU? The book shows how crises place strain on the basic functions of tax, including revenue-raising, institution-building, regulation, redistribution, and the structuring of society. These strains bear more heavily on some sections of business and society than others. This makes the tax consequences of crisis unpredictable. It also means that the best choice of legal response is not merely a technical matter. Instead, it engages deeper attitudes towards crisis relief, change, social values, and democratic control. These issues are highlighted by COVID-19 but are of utmost lasting importance. The book takes a comprehensive approach and looks in more depth at the systemic roles that crises play in contemporary tax systems. It features an impressive cast of leading researchers across multiple jurisdictions and is essential for policymakers and scholars alike.

Das deutsche Steuerrecht ist durch bestandigen Wandel gepragt. Der Steuerrechtswissenschaft fallt die Aufgabe zu, sich abzeichnende Entwicklungen moeglichst fruhzeitig zu identifizieren und wissenschaftlich zu durchdringen. Auf Anregung des Max-Planck-Instituts fur Steuerrecht und OEffentliche Finanzen haben sich bereits zum zweiten Mal fuhrende Steuerrechtswissenschaftlern der jungeren Generation mit von ihnen als besonders wichtig erachteten "Zukunftsfragen" des deutschen Steuerrechts befasst. Die Bandbreite der behandelten Themen reicht von den verfassungsrechtlichen und europarechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Steuerrechtsordnung uber das Potential der Kodifikationsidee im Steuerrecht bis hin zur Besteuerung des Finanzsektors und zur Vermeidung der Umsatzsteuerdefinitivbelastung bei Koerperschaften des oeffentlichen Rechts.