Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented in India in July 2017, after four decades of protracted deliberations amid critical socio-economic and political challenges. GST is a comprehensive multistage value added tax (VAT) on goods and services where both central and state governments share the same tax base. Finding a suitable design for GST that encompasses taxes from both the centre and the state tax brackets makes the Indian GST unique among GST implemented in other federal countries. This book is a study of the evolution of GST in India since the Report of the Indirect Taxation Enquiry Committee of 1977. It studies the following issues on GST: a) inclusion and exclusion of taxes, b) finding a suitable mechanism to handle inter-state transactions, c) finding revenue neutrality of the tax reform, d) providing compensation to states for any possible loss of revenue due to its adoption, and e) possible scope for coordination in GST administration.

You are paying much more in tax than you think you are What Everyone Needs to Know About Tax takes an entertaining and informative look at the UK tax system in all its glory to show you just how much you pay, how the money is collected and how it affects ordinary people every day. Giving context to recent controversies including the Panama Papers, tax avoidance by multinationals, Brexit and more, this book provides a straightforward explanation of tax and the policy behind it for non-specialists no accounting or legal knowledge is required. The system's underlying logic is illustrated through three 'golden rules' that explain many of the UK tax regime's oddities, and the discussion focuses on the way things are rather than utopian ideas about how they might be. Case studies show how the VAT on a plumber's bill all adds up; why fraudsters made a movie to throw HMRC off their scent; how a wealthy couple can pay so little tax on a six-figure income; and the way tracing the money you paid for your iPad sheds light why the EU is demanding Apple pay billions extra in tax. Ever the political battlefield, tax is too important for you to rely on media hype for information. It affects everyone, every day, and it pays for voters and taxpayers to know more. This book leaves aside technical detail and the arcana of the tax code to give you a real-world look at how tax works. * Learn about the many ways that the tax system separates us from our money * Discover how Brexit could change the way we pay taxes * Understand how changing tax policy affects people's everyday lives * See through the rhetoric surrounding controversies in the media With tax, we have to admit that there are no easy answers. No one enjoys paying them, but without them, the Government would shut down. Seeing through politicians' cant and superficial press coverage is critical for your ability to make the decisions that benefit you; What Everyone Needs to Know About Tax gives you the background and foundational knowledge you need to be a well-informed taxpayer.

This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about the value added tax (VAT) to present the only comparative approach to the study of VAT law. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations around the world. This second edition includes new VAT-related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia and adds new chapters on VAT avoidance and evasion and on China's VAT. Designed to illustrate, analyze, and explain the principal theoretical and operating features of value added taxes, including their adoption and implementation, this book will be an invaluable resource for tax practitioners and government officials.

The United States faces enormous challenges in the energy area. Climate change, biofuels policy, energy security, and environmental degradation are all intimately bound up with energy production and consumption. Historically, the federal government has relied on tax subsidies to effect energy policy. With mounting federal deficits, policymakers and advocates are increasingly calling for a rethinking of our energy tax policy. How can the federal tax code strengthen environmental policy and reduce security concerns in the area of energy? This book brings together leading tax scholars to answer this question. The authors tackle such difficult problems as climate change, efficient taxation of oil and gas, and optimal oil tax policy in a world with OPEC oil producers dominating world oil supply. This volume presents a number of innovative policy suggestions backed by sophisticated and cutting-edge research carried out by leading scholars in the area of energy taxation. Scholars and policymakers alike will appreciate the incisive analysis and discussion of critical issues that are part of the twenty-first-century energy challenge.

Tax Insight: For Tax Year 2013 and Beyondwill teach you to take control of life's biggest expensetaxes. In your lifetime, you will spend more money on taxes than on anything else. Despite that fact, you likely know the current prices of movies and milk but don't know what your marginal tax rate is. You know where to get the cheapest gallon of gas to save a buck or two, but you don't give a thought to the tax strategies you should be using right now that would save you thousands. Why? Is it too complicated and confusing? Too unpleasant? In Tax Insight, tax expert Casey Murdock opens up the world of taxes with amazing clarity and simplicity. As you will discover, you have within reachnumerous ways to reduce your taxes. With everyday language and real-life examples, Tax Insight will give you the keysto minimizing your tax burden.

This book contains information you need even if you have a tax advisor or use a program like TurboTax. Tax professionals are busy and sometimes too cautious, and programs often miss opportunities for you to save money.It's also for those of all ages and income levels, including business owners. Tax Insight:
Breaks down the key components of taxes with ease and simplicity. Provides a roadmap to paying as little tax as possible. Helps you know if you should do it yourself or hire a professional. While there are many encyclopedic books on taxeslike J.K. Lasser's Your Taxesthere aren't nearly enough that describe the tax code in plain language. Far more than a rehash of impenetrable IRS help documents, Tax Insights is organized the way most people think and presents ideas in clear, simple language. If you buy this book and take advantage of its advice, you will save money. What you'll learn This book will help you:
Avoid paying even a penny more in taxes than you should. Avoid common tax strategies that could actually cost you more than they save. Capture all of the deductions and credits that you are due. Know whether to file your own return or hire a tax professional. Utilize the entire year to implement tax-reducing strategies. Understand the key components of the tax return and how they work together. Prepare for or survive an audit Use real estate or a small business to reduce your tax bill Who this book is for

Tax Insight: For Tax Year 2013 and Beyond is for the frustrated taxpayerthe taxpayer who is frustrated by paying too much, frustrated by the complexity of the tax code, or frustrated because their CPA isn't proactively helping them pay fewer taxes. Tax Insight is the perfect book for the person who is looking for a straightforward, simple explanation of the tax-saving strategies that are within reach. In an easy-to-read, easy-to-understand narrative, Tax Insight gives readers a thorough understanding of the tax strategies that apply to them and the information they need to put those strategies to work. Table of Contents The Tax Code Demystified Key Components Defined Income Dependents and Filing Status The Tax Code Is Rigged Employment Income Retirement Income Other Sources of Ordinary Income Tax-Free Unordinary Income from Non-Investment Sources Tax-Free Investment Income Taxable Investment Income Deductions from Investment Income Education Investment Strategies Retirement Investment StrategiesThe Basics Retirement Investment StrategiesAlternatives Business Taxation Business Use of the Home Travel Expenses Meals, Entertainment, and Gifts Employee Benefits Employing Family Members Depreciation Real Estate Losses Real Estate Income and Deductions Second Homes and Vacation Rentals Medical and Dental Expenses Your Residence Your Children Charitable Contributions Education Expenses The Alternative Minimum Tax Penalties and Interest Do It Yourself, or Hire a Professional? Tax Implications of Health Care Reform

Tolley's Tax Cases is the only book of its kind to summarise all key court, Special Commissioners' and First-tier Tribunal decisions relevant to current direct tax legislation. Concise summaries of over 2,800 tax cases span from 1875 to the present day. This offers an important historical context to current tax legislation. The new edition is alphabetically arranged with a comprehensive index to ensure you can locate accurate answers immediately.

The Tax Workbook has been designed to be used by students and lecturers, to provide the maximum benefit to each user. Each chapter deals with a specific topic or topics and the chapter contents progress from relatively easy questions to more difficult questions dealing with inte­grated problems.

This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.

This book was first published in 2006. Many common law countries inherited British income tax rules. Whether the inheritance was direct or indirect, the rationale and origins of some of the central rules seem almost lost in history. Commonly, they are simply explained as being of British origin without more, but even in Britain the origins of some of these rules are less than clear. This book traces the roots of the income tax and its precursors in Britain and in its former colonies to 1820. Harris focuses on four issues that are central to common law income taxes and which are of particular current relevance: the capital/revenue distinction, the taxation of corporations, taxation on both a source and residence basis, and the schedular approach to taxation. He uses an historical perspective to make observations about the future direction of income tax in the modern world.

Die Rechnungslegungsvorschriften nach IAS/IFRS haben, mit deren UEbernahme in europaisches Recht im Jahr 2003 und mit der ab 1. Januar 2005 in Kraft getretenen und fur alle europaischen kapitalmarktorientierten Unternehmen gultigen gesetzlichen Verpflichtung zur Konzernabschlusserstellung nach IAS/IFRS, erheblich an Aktualitat gewonnen. Im Gegensatz zu den US-amerikanischen US-GAAP, die vor dem Hintergrund der Bilanzskandale um WordCom, Enron und andere in der aktuellen Diskussion als regelbasierte ("rule-based") und daher missbrauchsanfallige Rechnungslegung kritisiert wird, werden IAS/IFRS als eine eher prinzipienbasierte ("principle-based") Rechnungslegung beschrieben. Aufgrund der Prinzipienbasierung soll bei der Abschlusserstellung und Prufung weniger das Befolgen kasuistischer Einzelfallregelungen als vielmehr verantwortungsvolles "professional judgement" der Abschlussersteller und Prufer stehen, das im Sinne des eigentlichen Geists der Regelungen ("spirit of the rules") auszuuben ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die vermeintliche Prinzipienbasierung der IAS/IFRS auf breiter Basis analysiert.

Im Gesundheitswesen gibt es vielfaltige rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Leistungserbringern, Patienten und Versicherungen. Diese Beziehungen konnen unterschiedlichste steuerliche Folgen haben. Angesichts weit verstreuter steuerrechtlicher Vorschriften bemuhen sich die Autoren in dem Band um einen systematischen und praxisorientierten Uberblick zu den steuerrechtlichen Fragen. Rechtsprechung und Verwaltungsentscheidungen werden umfassend berucksichtigt. Der Band richtet sich an steuerliche Berater, aber auch an die Akteure selbst.

Tolley's Yellow Tax Handbook ensures you have a complete view of contemporary tax legislation. This book is endorsed by the Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT). The new edition contains all the relevant UK direct tax legislation, along with EU Directives and Regulations and essential HMRC material. The impact of the Finance Act(s) 2017 is expertly covered by Tolley's tax team. The reader's understanding of the legislation is assisted by cross-references to the HMRC Internal Guidance Manuals and market-leading commentary in Simon's Taxes. With arguably the longest tax code in the world, and Finance Acts of increasing complexity and volume, interpreting the legislation has become more difficult than ever. Tolley's Handbook is the imperative reliable guide to the legislation. Tolley's Yellow Tax Handbook 2017-18 comprehensively covers the up-to-date legislation relating to income tax, capital gains tax, corporation tax, national insurance contributions, tax credits, petroleum revenue tax, inheritance tax and other direct taxes such as ATED and diverted profits tax. The consolidated legislation is extensively annotated by our technical team with cross-references to commentary, tax cases and HMRC guidance to give you the answers you need quickly and easily. * Includes statutes and statutory instruments; extra-statutory concessions and statements of practice, cross-references, definitions, additional helpful material such as HMRC Briefs and cross-references to the HMRC Internal Guidance Manuals, and numbered footnotes explaining amendments to the legislation. * Covers the Revenue Scotland administrative powers and Scottish tribunals structure, including provisions for the devolution and collection of taxes in Scotland * Endorsed by the Chartered Institute of Taxation * Approved for use during CIOT and ATT examinations * Published in five volumes * Included as part of the Tolley's Yellow & Orange Tax Reference Set 2017-18 Endorsed by the CIOT, these authoritative volumes are the definitive guide to UK tax legislation.

The UK and the USA have historically represented opposite ends of the spectrum in their approaches to taxing corporate income. Under the British approach, corporate and shareholder income taxes have been integrated under an imputation system, with tax paid at the corporate level imputed to shareholders through a full or partial credit against dividends received. Under the American approach, by contrast, corporate and shareholder income taxes have remained separate under what is called a 'classical' system in which shareholders receive little or no relief from a second layer of taxes on dividends. Steven A. Bank explores the evolution of the corporate income tax systems in each country during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to understand the common legal, economic, political and cultural forces that produced such divergent approaches and explains why convergence may be likely in the future as each country grapples with corporate taxation in an era of globalization.

Tax policy frequently targets the choices that women face in many aspects of their lives. Decisions regarding working away from home, having children, marrying, registering a partnership or cohabiting with a partner all entail tax consequences. The end of the twentieth century saw progress in women's legal and social equality, but many governments began to increase their reliance on the tax system as a means of influencing the choices that women make. The juxtaposition of this instrumentalist deployment of tax with persisting economic inequality for women is the starting point for this book. Employing a range of theoretical approaches, and grounding its investigations in sociological theory and cultural philosophy, it provides the foundation for a comparative, contextual consideration of the issues that arise at the intersection of women, tax policy and the law.

The New Fiscal Sociology: Taxation in Comparative and Historical Perspective demonstrates that the study of taxation can illuminate fundamental dynamics of modern societies. The sixteen essays in this collection offer a state-of-the-art survey of the new fiscal sociology that is emerging at the intersection of sociology, history, political science, and law. The contributors include some of the foremost comparative historical scholars in these disciplines and others. They approach the institution of taxation as a window onto the changing social contract. Their chapters address the social and historical sources of tax policy, the problem of how taxes persist, and the social and cultural consequences of taxation. They trace fundamental connections between tax institutions and macrohistorical phenomena - wars, shifting racial boundaries, religious traditions, gender regimes, labor systems, and more.

How the "First State" has enabled international crime, sheltered tax dodgers, and diverted hard-earned dollars from the rest of us The legal home to over a million companies, Delaware has more registered businesses than residents. Why do virtually all of the biggest corporations in the United States register there? Why do so many small companies choose to set up in Delaware rather than their home states? Why do wealthy individuals form multiple layers of private companies in the state? This book reveals how a systematic enterprise lies behind the business-friendly corporate veneer, one that has kept the state afloat financially by diverting public funds away from some of the poorest people in the United States and supporting dictators and criminals across the world. Hal Weitzman shows how the de facto capital of corporate America has provided safe haven to money launderers, kleptocratic foreign rulers, and human traffickers, and facilitated tax dodging and money laundering by multinational companies and international gangsters. Revenues from Delaware's business-formation industry, known as the Franchise, account for two-fifths of the state's budget and have helped to keep the tax burden on its residents among the lowest in the United States. Delaware derives enormous political clout from the Franchise, effectively writing the corporate code for the entire country-and because of its outsized influence on corporate America, the second smallest state in the United States also writes the rules for much of the world. What's the Matter with Delaware? shows how, in Joe Biden's home state, the corporate laws get written behind closed doors, enabling the rich and powerful to do business in the shadows.

Kaum ein Rechtsinstitut in der Umsatzsteuer hat in den vergangenen Jahren mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen und eine derartige Fortentwicklung erfahren, wie die Geschaftsverausserung im Ganzen. Dabei wird die Geschaftsverausserung im Ganzen gemeinhin als Vereinfachungs- und Begunstigungsvorschrift fur Unternehmensubergange/-verkaufe und Umstrukturierungen verstanden. Trotz dieses Verstandnisses wird auch aktuell ein reger Diskurs uber Anwendungsbereich, Anwendbarkeit und Folgen der Anwendung des Rechtsinstituts gefuhrt. Die Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Geschaftsverausserung im Ganzen, zeigt systematisch notwendige Anpassungen auf und gibt einen UEberblick uber die Veranderungen unter Bezugnahme auf praktische Anwendungen. Sie gewahrt zugleich einen Ausblick und Loesungsvorschlage zu derzeit diskutierten Fragestellungen und Reformbedarf der aktuellen Gesetzesfassung.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Besteuerung der grenzuberschreitenden Tatigkeit einer in Deutschland oder in Portugal ansassigen Personengesellschaft. Personengesellschaften werden in Portugal generell als eigenstandige Steuersubjekte behandelt, wahrend in Deutschland die Gesellschafter mit ihren anteiligen Gesellschaftsgewinnen besteuert werden. Daraus resultierende Qualifikationskonflikte und ihre Loesungsmoeglichkeiten werden in dieser Arbeit aufgezeigt. Die Autorin stellt heraus, dass die in Art. 4 Abs. 4 DBA Deutschland-Portugal verankerte Ansassigkeitsfiktion die Doppelbesteuerung nicht vermeidet. Als weiterfuhrende Loesungsalternativen eroertert sie die Qualifikationsverkettung, die Reduktion des Methodenartikels und die abkommensverdrangende Regelung des 50d Abs. 9 und 10 EStG.