"At the end of the Trail of Tears there was a promise," U.S. Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote in the decision issued on July 9, 2020, in the case of McGirt v. Oklahoma. And that promise, made in treaties between the United States and the Muscogee (Creek) Nation more than 150 years earlier, would finally be kept. With the Court's ruling, the full extent of the Muscogee (Creek) Reservation was reaffirmed-meaning that 3.25 million acres of land in Oklahoma, including part of the city of Tulsa, were recognized once again as "Indian Country" as defined by federal law. A Promise Kept explores the circumstances and implications of McGirt v. Oklahoma, likely the most significant Indian law case in well over 100 years. Combining legal analysis and historical context, this book gives an in-depth, accessible account of how the case unfolded and what it might mean for Oklahomans, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, and other tribes throughout the United States. For context, Robbie Ethridge traces the long history of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation from its inception in present-day Georgia and Alabama in the seventeenth century; through the tribe's rise to regional prominence in the colonial era, the tumultuous years of Indian Removal, and the Civil War and allotment; and into its resurgence in Oklahoma in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Against this historical background, Robert J. Miller considers McGirt v. Oklahoma, examining important related cases, precedents that informed the Court's decision, and future ramifications-legal, civil, regulatory, and practical-for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, federal Indian law, the United States, the state of Oklahoma, and Indian nations in Oklahoma and elsewhere. Their work clarifies the stakes of a decision that, while long overdue, raises numerous complex issues profoundly affecting federal, state, and tribal relations and law-and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

"In the United States, proposals for gasoline tax hikes have consistently met with broad-based congressional opposition. Although such taxes are a common and effective method of conserving energy in other industrialized nations, U.S. policy has traditionally relied on regulatory programs rather than fuel taxes to promote energy efficiency in automotive transportation. This book examines both the political causes and the economic effects of this idiosyncratic policy preference. Moderating the consumption and importation of oil has been an explicit goal of the United States over the past twenty years. Pietro S. Nivola and Robert W. Crandall argue that a higher levy on gasoline would be a more efficient way of achieving this goal than current automotive fuel economy standards. In fact, they find that an additional excise of less than twenty-five cents per gallon over the past dozen years would have conserved more oil than has the existing policy of administering gas mileage requirements for new passenger vehicles. And such a tax, they maintain, would not be as detrimental to the economy as opponents fear, nor as regressive as they claim. Why, then, is there such a strong national resistance to a fuel tax in the United States? And why is there less resistance in other countries? The authors examine the development of motor-fuel excises in Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and Canada, and explain the historical and political factors that have led to different national policy orientations. Turning their attention back to the United States, Nivola and Crandall show how regulatory measures have fallen short of their goal and why political barriers to bolder taxation of gasoline remain formidable. They conclude by offering suggestions for new directions in U.S. energy policy at the federal, state, and local level. "

The distribution of taxes over different income groups, has, rightly or wrongly, assumed a central position in tax policy decisions. All serious tax proposals are now accompanied by tables illustrating this distribution. This volume shows how the accuracy of these tables can be improved.

The way that nation states design their tax systems impacts the sharing of resources and wealth within and across societies. To date, wealthy countries have made tax policy design and coordination choices which allow them to claim more than they are justifiably entitled to from the global economy. In Tax Cooperation in an Unjust World, Allison Christians and Laurens van Apeldoorn show how this presently accepted reality both facilitates and feeds off continued human suffering, and therefore violates conceptions of international distributive justice. They examine two principles that govern tax cooperation across states, and explain how the current international tax order impedes their realization. They then show how states could work toward fulfilling the principles and building a fairer international tax system via incremental yet effective adaptation of key international tax norms and rules.

The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform European Union law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State's trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws - their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law - also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.

"One of the major architects of comprehensive tax reform has revised his widely acclaimed book on tax policy to reflect the changes brought about by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and all other major changes in tax laws since 1983. Joseph A. Pechman's Federal Tax Policy is a nontechnical book for general readers and students interested in taxation as an instrument of public policy. It emphasizes such current issues as a comprehensive income taxation, inflation adjustments in income taxation, graduated income taxes versus expenditure taxes, the effects of taxation on economic incentives, and fiscal relations between the federal and state and local governments. Pechman presents and evaluates contrasting views on most forms of taxation-personal and corporate income, general and selective consumption, payroll, estate and gift, property, and state and local--and offers a perceptive analysis of the process of tax legislation and the role of taxation in the fiscal policy. He also provides a valuable series of statistical table on tax developments and an extensive bibliography on tax theory and practice. "

An essential, timesaving guide for accountants, lawyers, nonprofit executives and directors, consultants, and volunteers - Completely updated for 2022 This book is an indispensable guide to navigating the complex maze of nonprofit tax rules and regulations. A clear and fully cited description of the requirements for the various categories of tax-exempt entities from public charities, private foundations, civic associations, business leagues, and social clubs to title-holding companies and governmental entities can be found. Practical guidance on potential for income tax on revenue-producing enterprises along with explanations of many exceptions to taxability is provided. Issues raised by Internet activity, advertising, publishing, providing services, and much more are explained. This useful annual supplement for 2022 will cover any and all changes and updates to the law within the previous 12 month period and will keep accountants, attorneys, and others up-to-date for the year ahead. Features a variety of sample documents for private foundations, including penalty abatement requests and sharing space agreements Provides helpful practice aids, such as a comparison of the differences between public and private charities, charts reflecting lobbying limits for different types of entities, and listings of rulings and cases that illustrate permissible activity for each type of organizations compared to impermissible activity

Im Zuge der Neuordnung des europaischen Bankensektors hat die EU Neuland betreten - auch und gerade im Hinblick auf die unionsrechtlichen Instrumente fur oeffentlich-rechtliche Geldleistungspflichten. Dabei wirft insbesondere die "Europaische Bankenabgabe" nicht nur eine Vielzahl von konkreten Auslegungs- und Anwendungsfragen auf, sondern testet auch die kompetenzrechtlichen Grenzen der Unionsgesetzgebung sowie die Vorgaben der europaischen Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten aus. Die vorliegende Publikation widmet sich den aufgeworfenen rechtlichen Fragen. Dabei stellt der Autor die Grundzuge und Einzelheiten der Europaischen Bankenabgabe dar und wurdigt das Regelungswerk dogmatisch im Lichte hoeherrangigen Rechts.

Der Begriff der Betriebsstatte ist zentrales Merkmal bei der Besteuerung grenzuberschreitender Unternehmenstatigkeit. Der Autor gibt einen UEberblick uber die Besteuerung von Betriebsstatten in Russland und untersucht die Auslegung der Betriebsstattenbegriffe im deutschen und im russischen Ertragsteuerrecht und im DBA-Russland. Der Vergleich legt die Konflikte offen, die beim deutsch-russischen Betriebsstatteneinsatz entstehen koennen.

In the years since the 2008 financial crisis, U.S. federal prosecutors have brought dozens of criminal cases against the world's most powerful banks, charging them with manipulating financial indices, helping their customers evade taxes, evading sanctions, and laundering money. To settle these cases, global banks like UBS, Barclays, HSBC and BNP Paribas paid tens of billions of dollars in fines. They also agreed to extensive reforms, hiring hundreds of compliance officers, spending billions on new systems, and installing independent monitors. In effect, they agreed to become worldwide enforcers of U.S. law, including financial sanctions-sometimes despite their own governments' protests. This book examines the U.S. enforcement campaign against global banks across four areas: benchmark manipulation, tax evasion, sanctions violations, and sovereign debt. It shows that U.S. prosecutors have unilaterally carved out a new role as global bank regulators, heralding a fundamental shift in how international finance is overseen. Their ability to do so stems from U.S. control over access to vital hubs of the international financial system. In some areas, unilateral U.S. actions have ushered in important multilateral reforms, such as the rise of automatic tax information exchange and better-regulated financial indices. In other areas, such as financial sanctions, unilateralism has attracted protests from other states and spurred attempts to challenge U.S. dominance of international finance.

Art und ihrer "Tragerkoerperschaften" eroertert. Mit dem Rechtskonstrukt des Betriebs gewerblicher Art verfolgt der Gesetzgeber das Ziel, die Wettbewerbsgleichheit in den Fallen zu gewahrleisten, in denen juristische Personen des oeffentlichen Rechts mit ihren Aktivitaten in Konkurrenz zu privatwirtschaftlichen Anbietern treten. Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt, ausgehend von einer grundlegenden Darstellung der Abgrenzungsmerkmale von Betrieben gewerblicher Art, die sich im Rahmen der Einkommensermittlung ergebenden Zweifelsfragen dar und zeigt Loesungsansatze auf. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Probleme, die aus der Abgrenzung des steuerpflichtigen wirtschaftlichen Bereichs von dem steuerlich unbeachtlichen hoheitlichen Bereich resultieren, eingegangen. Anschliessend wird die durch das Steuersenkungsgesetz sehr komplex gewordene Frage nach der Steuerbelastung der Betriebe gewerblicher Art und ihrer "Tragerkoerperschaften" eroertert.

International angelegte Steuervermeidungsstrategien von Unternehmen sind in der Vergangenheit in den Fokus der oeffentlichen Wahrnehmung geruckt. Offshore-Strukturen wurden u. a. durch multinationale Unternehmen zur Gewinnverlagerung und -verkurzung genutzt. Die OECD hat als Antwort darauf einen BEPS-Aktionsplan entwickelt, der zur Bekampfung dieser Praktiken vorsieht, dass die Gesellschaft bei Ausfuhrung einer relevanten Tatigkeit eine wirtschaftliche Substanz (Economic Substance) aufweisen muss. Die seitens der OECD aufgestellten Mindestanforderungen bilden den internationalen Standard und wurden in zahlreichen Niedrigsteuerjurisdiktionen umgesetzt. Das essential vermittelt kompakt das erforderliche Grundwissen zu Economic Substance Regulations und informiert praxisnah uber deren Umsetzung in den einzelnen Staaten.

Mit Einfuhrung der Abgeltungsteuer ist ein neues Zeitalter in der Besteuerung von Kapitaleinkunften angebrochen. Hiermit einher gehen neben einer Vielzahl einfach-rechtlicher Fragen vor allem Fragen nach der verfassungsrechtlichen Zulassigkeit einer solchen, auf den ersten Blick verlockend unkompliziert erscheinenden anonymen Brutto-Quellensteuer. Deren Beantwortung steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Werks. Erganzend wird aber auch auf konnexe steuerpolitische, steuersystematische und europarechtliche Fragen eingegangen, die gerade durch die in jungster Vergangenheit zu beobachtende internationale Entwicklung im Bereich des Informationsaustausches von Steuerdaten an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Im Ergebnis besteht die Abgeltungsteuer die verfassungsrechtliche Prufung eindeutig nicht.

Der Autor befasst sich mit dem Rechtsschutz bei uberlangen steuerprozessualen Verfahren. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht das Gesetz uber den Rechtschutz bei uberlangen Gerichtsverfahren. Der Autor geht dabei der Frage nach, ob der Gesetzgeber den an ihn adressierten Handlungsauftrag in UEbereinstimmung mit (steuer-) verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben ausgefullt hat. Im ersten Teil der Untersuchung werden die fur die Beantwortung dieser Frage erforderlichen aber zugleich auch allgemein gultigen dogmatischen Grundlagen herausgearbeitet. Der zweite Teil der Untersuchung widmet sich sodann dem Gesetz uber den Rechtsschutz bei uberlangen Gerichtsverfahren und nimmt den (steuer-) verfassungsrechtlichen Prufstand auf. Trager des AULINGER-PREISES 2018

Basiswissen und Geschaftsstrategien fur kunftige Internetstars und Influencer sowie fur Kunstler und Medienschaffende. Dieses Buch fuhrt praxisnah und verstandlich durch alle wesentlichen steuerlichen Themengebiete wie Meldepflichten, Rechtsform, Versicherungen, Einnahmen und Ausgaben u.v.m. Aufgrund der vielen steuerrechtlichen Fragen auf diesem neuen Gebiet ist es auch fur Steuerberater interessant, die sich schnell und umfassend mit der Materie vertraut machen wollen. Neben den unterschiedlichen Steuerarten und Rechtsfragen werden auch Fragen der Abgrenzung zur steuerrechtlichen Liebhaberei und die Kleinunternehmerregelung nach 19 UStG behandelt. Jedes Kapitel enthalt anschauliche Beispiele aus der beruflichen Praxis der Autoren. - Mit kommentierten Musterrechnungen und praktischen Tipps, um im Alltag Steuern zu sparen und die eigene Buchhaltung zu optimieren.