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Books > Law > Laws of other jurisdictions & general law > Financial, taxation, commercial, industrial law > Financial law > Taxation law
The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform European Union law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State's trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws - their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law - also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.
Dieses Buch setzt sich mit der rechtlichen Neuordnung des Handels von Finanzderivaten in Europa und speziell in Deutschland auseinander. Die auf den G-20 Beschlussen von Pittsburgh beruhende europarechtliche Regulierung des ausserboerslichen Derivatemarkts erfolgt in der EU durch die European Market Infrastructure Regulation, die auch als EMIR-Verordnung bezeichnet wird. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den sich aus der Verordnung ergebenden zivilrechtlichen Vorgaben, die von den Marktteilnehmern bei Abschluss und Durchfuhrung von ausserboerslichen Finanztermingeschaften zu beachten sind. Im Rahmen des verpflichtenden Clearings stellt das Werk eine rechtssichere und wirtschaftlich gunstige Alternative zur regelmassig gewahlten Novation dar und bewertet und erganzt den deutschen Rahmenvertrag fur Finanzderivate in Bezug auf Besicherungs- und Meldepflichten. Im Rahmen der Darstellung und Analyse der Rechtsfolgen von Verstoessen der Marktteilnehmer gegen Verpflichtungen aus der EMIR-Verordnung setzt sich das Werk fur eine differenzierte, den Sekundaranspruchskatalog des BGB achtende enge Auslegung der Verordnung ein und stellt europaische Abwicklungsvorgaben dem deutschen Insolvenzrecht gegenuber.
Core Taxation Legislation and Study Guide is a reference text for students undertaking tax subjects. It provides curated extracts of legislation as well as useful guidance on study skills. Part 1: The Study Guide assists students to prepare for a tertiary taxation course and conduct basic taxation research. It refers to key reference material, including websites and research tools, and includes useful tips on study techniques, researching a tax problem, essay writing and presentation, answering taxation law exam questions and how to cite legislation, cases, articles, rulings and reports for assignments. Part 2: The Core Tax Legislation comprises selected extracts from relevant sections of taxation legislation and regulations. An essential resource, this text allows students to access the parts of the legislation they will need for a taxation law course in a time-saving and user-friendly way. Core Taxation Legislation and Study Guide 2022 is designed to be used in conjunction with Foundations of Taxation Law 2022.
VAT and Financial Services takes the reader through the relevant legislation and case law, the legal concepts such as time and place of supply, the distinction between goods and services, what is taxable, and the interaction of these elements; examines the consequences of outsourcing (through a detailed study of 10 significant cases); looks at the key issues facing financial services and insurance; and then discusses the VAT cost sharing exemption. Since the third edition, there have been significant developments, including (most obviously) Brexit. The key VAT change is that EU legislation is no longer primary legislation (although many EU VAT principles, obligations and rights have been 'retained') and ECJ court decisions are, in general, no longer binding although 'a court or tribunal may have regard to anything done on or after exit day by the European Court, another EU entity or the EU so far as it is relevant to any matter before the court or tribunal' (European Union (Withdrawal) Act, 2018 s6(2)). Also, the Court of Appeal decision in HMRC v Perfect [2022] EWCA Civ 330, which is an excise duty case but more widely applicable, confirmed that decisions from any referrals to the ECJ made before 31 December 2020 remain binding on the UK even if the decision is issued after that date. In addition to this general change, there have been some more specific changes, for example the changes to the VAT (Specified Supplies) Order 1999, which now treats supplies to persons in the EU in the same way as supplies to persons outside the EU and some changes to the status of EU pension funds. A further change has been to the status of Cost Sharing Groups, an arrangement that allows persons who carry on certain activities to form a group to share costs without creating sticking VAT. As Cost Sharing groups are no longer available to the financial services and insurance sectors, the chapter and appendix covering these have been removed from this edition. Appendices include: contracts of insurance; Lloyd's VAT arrangements; HMRC ABI partial exemption guidance for the insurance sector; TOGC legal extracts; and the VAT territory of the EU. Finance directors and finance controllers in the financial services and insurance sectors and at those who advise these sectors should all find the book helpful.
Im Zuge der Neuordnung des europaischen Bankensektors hat die EU Neuland betreten - auch und gerade im Hinblick auf die unionsrechtlichen Instrumente fur oeffentlich-rechtliche Geldleistungspflichten. Dabei wirft insbesondere die "Europaische Bankenabgabe" nicht nur eine Vielzahl von konkreten Auslegungs- und Anwendungsfragen auf, sondern testet auch die kompetenzrechtlichen Grenzen der Unionsgesetzgebung sowie die Vorgaben der europaischen Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten aus. Die vorliegende Publikation widmet sich den aufgeworfenen rechtlichen Fragen. Dabei stellt der Autor die Grundzuge und Einzelheiten der Europaischen Bankenabgabe dar und wurdigt das Regelungswerk dogmatisch im Lichte hoeherrangigen Rechts.
Der Begriff der Betriebsstatte ist zentrales Merkmal bei der Besteuerung grenzuberschreitender Unternehmenstatigkeit. Der Autor gibt einen UEberblick uber die Besteuerung von Betriebsstatten in Russland und untersucht die Auslegung der Betriebsstattenbegriffe im deutschen und im russischen Ertragsteuerrecht und im DBA-Russland. Der Vergleich legt die Konflikte offen, die beim deutsch-russischen Betriebsstatteneinsatz entstehen koennen.
In the years since the 2008 financial crisis, U.S. federal prosecutors have brought dozens of criminal cases against the world's most powerful banks, charging them with manipulating financial indices, helping their customers evade taxes, evading sanctions, and laundering money. To settle these cases, global banks like UBS, Barclays, HSBC and BNP Paribas paid tens of billions of dollars in fines. They also agreed to extensive reforms, hiring hundreds of compliance officers, spending billions on new systems, and installing independent monitors. In effect, they agreed to become worldwide enforcers of U.S. law, including financial sanctions-sometimes despite their own governments' protests. This book examines the U.S. enforcement campaign against global banks across four areas: benchmark manipulation, tax evasion, sanctions violations, and sovereign debt. It shows that U.S. prosecutors have unilaterally carved out a new role as global bank regulators, heralding a fundamental shift in how international finance is overseen. Their ability to do so stems from U.S. control over access to vital hubs of the international financial system. In some areas, unilateral U.S. actions have ushered in important multilateral reforms, such as the rise of automatic tax information exchange and better-regulated financial indices. In other areas, such as financial sanctions, unilateralism has attracted protests from other states and spurred attempts to challenge U.S. dominance of international finance.
This is the first book to present a sustained analysis and critique of arm's length based transfer pricing rules following the G20 / OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. The book considers the nature and scope of transfer pricing rules based on the arm's length principle starting with an explanation of how the rules were created and how they evolved over time. It provides how internationally accepted transfer pricing rules were applied immediately prior to the BEPS project, and describes the principal problems that had arisen with those rules. The issues highlighted include problems relating to the complexity of the rules, the use and availability of comparables, and, in particular, problems permitting avoidance and income shifting, including problems related to low tax entities with 'excessive capital'. Having described the pre-BEPS rules and inherent problems, the book goes on to examine the extent to which the work undertaken by the BEPs project provides a solid foundation for future transfer pricing determinations and the problems that remain after BEPS. It identifies those issues on which the BEPS output has been positive, and also those issues which BEPS has not successfully addressed and which remain problematic. This book is the most detailed and up-to-date publication on this highly topical and often controversial topic.
Art und ihrer "Tragerkoerperschaften" eroertert. Mit dem Rechtskonstrukt des Betriebs gewerblicher Art verfolgt der Gesetzgeber das Ziel, die Wettbewerbsgleichheit in den Fallen zu gewahrleisten, in denen juristische Personen des oeffentlichen Rechts mit ihren Aktivitaten in Konkurrenz zu privatwirtschaftlichen Anbietern treten. Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt, ausgehend von einer grundlegenden Darstellung der Abgrenzungsmerkmale von Betrieben gewerblicher Art, die sich im Rahmen der Einkommensermittlung ergebenden Zweifelsfragen dar und zeigt Loesungsansatze auf. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Probleme, die aus der Abgrenzung des steuerpflichtigen wirtschaftlichen Bereichs von dem steuerlich unbeachtlichen hoheitlichen Bereich resultieren, eingegangen. Anschliessend wird die durch das Steuersenkungsgesetz sehr komplex gewordene Frage nach der Steuerbelastung der Betriebe gewerblicher Art und ihrer "Tragerkoerperschaften" eroertert.
Via a global analysis of more than 180 transfer pricing cases from 20 representative jurisdictions, Resolving Transfer Pricing Disputes explains how the law on transfer pricing operates in practice and examines how disputes between taxpayers and tax administrations are dealt with around the world. It has been designed to be an essential complement to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations, which focus on transfer pricing issues but do not refer to specific transfer pricing disputes. All of the transfer pricing cases discussed in the book are linked to the relevant paragraphs of the OECD Guidelines by means of a 'Golden Bridge', namely a table listing the cases according to the paragraphs of the Guidelines to which they refer. It therefore provides examples of the application of the Arm's Length Principle in many settings on all continents.
Mit Einfuhrung der Abgeltungsteuer ist ein neues Zeitalter in der Besteuerung von Kapitaleinkunften angebrochen. Hiermit einher gehen neben einer Vielzahl einfach-rechtlicher Fragen vor allem Fragen nach der verfassungsrechtlichen Zulassigkeit einer solchen, auf den ersten Blick verlockend unkompliziert erscheinenden anonymen Brutto-Quellensteuer. Deren Beantwortung steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Werks. Erganzend wird aber auch auf konnexe steuerpolitische, steuersystematische und europarechtliche Fragen eingegangen, die gerade durch die in jungster Vergangenheit zu beobachtende internationale Entwicklung im Bereich des Informationsaustausches von Steuerdaten an Bedeutung gewonnen haben. Im Ergebnis besteht die Abgeltungsteuer die verfassungsrechtliche Prufung eindeutig nicht.
Der Autor befasst sich mit dem Rechtsschutz bei uberlangen steuerprozessualen Verfahren. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht das Gesetz uber den Rechtschutz bei uberlangen Gerichtsverfahren. Der Autor geht dabei der Frage nach, ob der Gesetzgeber den an ihn adressierten Handlungsauftrag in UEbereinstimmung mit (steuer-) verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben ausgefullt hat. Im ersten Teil der Untersuchung werden die fur die Beantwortung dieser Frage erforderlichen aber zugleich auch allgemein gultigen dogmatischen Grundlagen herausgearbeitet. Der zweite Teil der Untersuchung widmet sich sodann dem Gesetz uber den Rechtsschutz bei uberlangen Gerichtsverfahren und nimmt den (steuer-) verfassungsrechtlichen Prufstand auf. Trager des AULINGER-PREISES 2018
Die Besteuerung von regulierten Investmentfonds (Sondervermoegen) sowie ihren Anlegern ist mit dem durch das Investmentmodernisierungsgesetz vom 15.12.2003 eingefuhrten Investmentsteuergesetz (InvStG) grundlegend reformiert worden. Die Arbeit klart, ob durch die Reform und Zusammenfuhrung der steuerrechtlichen Vorschriften im InvStG die fruheren Besteuerungsprobleme behoben oder nicht vielmehr neue Unklarheiten und Rechtsanwendungsprobleme geschaffen worden sind. So wird nach einer kurzen Darstellung der investmentrechtlichen Grundlagen und zivilrechtlichen Strukturen auf die Besteuerung des Investmentanlegers eines transparenten Fonds mit deren Besonderheiten eingegangen. Wegen der unterschiedlichen Besteuerungsfolgen wird danach unterschieden, ob die Investmentanteile im Privat- oder Betriebsvermoegen gehalten werden.
An essential, timesaving guide for accountants, lawyers, nonprofit executives and directors, consultants, and volunteers - Completely updated for 2022 This book is an indispensable guide to navigating the complex maze of nonprofit tax rules and regulations. A clear and fully cited description of the requirements for the various categories of tax-exempt entities from public charities, private foundations, civic associations, business leagues, and social clubs to title-holding companies and governmental entities can be found. Practical guidance on potential for income tax on revenue-producing enterprises along with explanations of many exceptions to taxability is provided. Issues raised by Internet activity, advertising, publishing, providing services, and much more are explained. This useful annual supplement for 2022 will cover any and all changes and updates to the law within the previous 12 month period and will keep accountants, attorneys, and others up-to-date for the year ahead. Features a variety of sample documents for private foundations, including penalty abatement requests and sharing space agreements Provides helpful practice aids, such as a comparison of the differences between public and private charities, charts reflecting lobbying limits for different types of entities, and listings of rulings and cases that illustrate permissible activity for each type of organizations compared to impermissible activity
Im Gesundheitswesen gibt es vielfaltige rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Leistungserbringern, Patienten und Versicherungen. Diese Beziehungen konnen unterschiedlichste steuerliche Folgen haben. Angesichts weit verstreuter steuerrechtlicher Vorschriften bemuhen sich die Autoren in dem Band um einen systematischen und praxisorientierten Uberblick zu den steuerrechtlichen Fragen. Rechtsprechung und Verwaltungsentscheidungen werden umfassend berucksichtigt. Der Band richtet sich an steuerliche Berater, aber auch an die Akteure selbst.
This book examines tax incentives for investors in start-up companies through a critical analysis of Australia's early-stage investors (ESI) program, and a comparison of that program with the United Kingdom's Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS) upon which it is loosely modelled. It discusses the importance of innovation and the special role that venture capital plays in supporting start-ups, and explains the policy rationale for introducing the ESI program as well as dissecting its technical requirements in detail. Special attention is devoted to the program's 'early stage' and 'innovation' requirements, which are crucial for determining whether a start-up qualifies for the tax incentives. The book is the first in-depth scholarly legal analysis of the ESI program and the first occasion it has been compared and contrasted with a foreign program. The comparative discussion of the ESI program with the SEIS program enables the authors to make suggestions for reforms to the ESI program so that it can better achieve its policy objectives. The fact that the book includes reform suggestions makes it particularly interesting for policy makers. It is also of broad relevance to legal and finance scholars and students as well as entrepreneurs, angels, venture capitalists and their advisors.
This monograph looks at how tax is intertwined with constitutional law and the state in the UK. It looks at a variety of topics including tax devolution, scrutiny and reform of tax legislation, the protection of taxpayers and the domestic legal processing of international rules and problems. Tax Law, State-Building and the Constitution presents and interrogates five key claims. First, there is a clear overlap between the concerns of tax and constitutional lawyers. Secondly, the tax system is being deeply affected by the fast pace of constitutional change. Thirdly, decisions taken in the tax field are likely to have a reverse influence on the evolution of the constitution. Fourthly, these relationships are heavily context-dependent, with tax making all the difference to some ongoing constitutional controversies whilst having very little to do with others. Fifthly, by acknowledging tax as an important moving part within the contemporary constitution we might understand both tax and constitutional law a little better. The book therefore contributes to deeper theoretical debates on the identity of tax law as a discipline, the relevance of tax to public lawyers, the meaning of state-building in the recent history of a developed country and the importance of public finances to a wider sense of 'what is going on'. These are questions that ought to command the attention of tax and constitutional law academics as well as policy makers and reformers. Runner-up of the 2022 SLS Peter Birks Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship.
Das Buch befasst sich mit aktuellen und grundsatzlichen Entwicklungen zur Einwirkung des Europaischen Rechts auf die Steuerrechtsordnungen der Mitgliedstaaten. Mittels des Anwendungsvorrangs des Unionsrechts uberlagert und pragt das Europaische Steuerrecht heute weite Teile der nationalen Steuergesetze. Europaische Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten stehen dabei ebenso im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches wie die Frage nach Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der Rechtsangleichung oder aktuelle Herausforderungen wie der Kampf gegen internationale Steuervermeidung. Die in diesem Buch bearbeiteten Themen reichen von aktuellen Streitfragen in der Rechtsprechung des Europaischen Gerichtshofs bis hin zu Fundamentalthemen europaischer Systembildung im Steuerrecht.
Looking for the meaning of a tax term? Leach's Tax Dictionary is a cornucopia of tax terms and data. It also explains all those abbreviations used in tax writing and reporting. Leach's Tax Dictionary contains over 1,000 pages of definitions, abbreviations explained and useful data - tax rates and other information which may be of use to a tax accountant/lawyer. 10,000 definitions. 3,000 abbreviations explained. 200 pages of tax, financial and historical data related to tax. Where applicable terms are explained with reference to relevant case law, statutes or guidance. This book provides a ready source of information to those who already have some understanding of tax, and for anyone working or studying in the tax field.
Karin Nickenig befasst sich in diesem essential mit der Zusammensetzung des Anlagevermoegens sowie der Zugangs- und Folgebewertung von Anlagegutern. Der Band ermoeglicht einen schnellen UEberblick hinsichtlich moeglicher Abschreibungen. Die Betrachtung von Geringwertigen Wirtschaftsgutern und relevanten Vorschriften zur Umsatzsteuer/Vorsteuer ist ein weiterer wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Lekture.
A tax expenditure is a 'tax break' allowed to a taxpayer or group of taxpayers, for example, by way of concession, deduction, deferral or exemption. The tax expenditure concept, as it was first identified, was designed to demonstrate the similarity between direct government spending on the one hand and spending through the tax system on the other. The identification of benefits provided through the tax system as tax expenditures allows analysts to consider the fiscal significance of those parts of the tax system which do not contribute to the primary purpose of raising revenue. Although a seemingly simple concept, it has generated a range of complex definitional and practical issues, and this book identifies and critically assesses the controversial aspects of tax expenditure and tax expenditure management.
Dieses Buch beschaftigt sich mit einer umfassenden ertragsteuerlichen Wurdigung der doppelstoeckigen Personengesellschaft. Aus diesem Grund werden diejenigen einkommen- und gewerbesteuerlichen Themen untersucht, bei denen sich aus dem Vorliegen der Konstruktion der doppelstoeckigen Personengesellschaft besondere Fragestellungen ergeben, z.B. bei Verlusten im Sinne von 15a EStG oder dem begrenzten Schuldzinsenabzug nach 4 Abs. 4a EStG. Zudem wird in die einzelnen Fragestellungen die Auswirkung von Verausserungsvorgangen mit einbezogen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass nicht nur viele theoretische - haufig offene - Fragen existieren, sondern dass die jeweiligen Steuerberechnungen auch zahlreiche praktische Probleme mit sich bringen.
This book explores one of the most significant trends in the evolution of global tax systems by asking how, within less than half a century, the value-added tax (VAT) has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the world's most dominant revenue instruments. Despite its significance, very little is known about why so many countries have adopted the VAT and, in particular, why different countries adopt the types of VAT that they do. The popular mythology provides that the merits of the VAT have underpinned its global spread; however, this book contends that much scholarship on the VAT confuses the question of why the VAT has risen to dominance with the issue of what makes a good VAT. This book combines policy and legal analysis to propose a new way of understanding the rise of this important revenue instrument so as to better reflect the realities of the VATs that are actually implemented.
Im Rahmen der Unternehmensfinanzierung durch die Emission sogenannter Debt Produkte stellen sich fur die Kommunikation mit Investoren diverse hochgradig praxisrelevante rechtliche Fragen. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich zunachst damit auseinander, unter welchen Voraussetzungen ein von der Bundesanstalt fur Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) oder einer entsprechenden Behoerde eines anderen europaischen Landes gebilligter Wertpapierprospekt notwendig ist, um Anleihen und ahnliche Finanzierungsangebote zu nutzen. Des Weiteren wird dargestellt, welche Verhaltenspflichten im Hinblick auf die Kommunikation mit Investoren (bzw. der OEffentlichkeit) vor und wahrend der Emission mit oder ohne Prospekt zusatzlich beachtet werden mussen und welche praktischen Probleme sich ergeben. |
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