The federal excise tax on alcoholic beverages is imposed at the manufacturer and importer level, based on the per unit production or importation of alcoholic beverages (eg: distilled spirits, wine, and beer) for sale in the U.S. market. Today, three main approaches drive interest in alcohol taxes: tax rates could be decreased to benefit firms in the industry; excise tax rates could be increased for deficit reduction; or excise tax rates could be increased to discourage the negative spillover effects of alcohol consumption. This book provides a brief historical overview of alcohol excise tax policy and a description of current law; analyzes alcohol excise tax rates based on some of the standard criteria for tax evaluation; and discusses bills introduced in the 113th Congress that would reduce current excise tax rates as well as possible approaches to raising alcohol excise tax rates.

The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) is a non-refundable tax credit intended to encourage private capital investment in eligible, impoverished, low-income communities. NMTCs are allocated by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI), a bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury, under a competitive application process. Investors who make qualified equity investments reduce their federal income tax liability by claiming the credit. This book describes the New Markets Tax Credit Program and the major considerations banks may need to address when using the tax credits to support community and economic development activities. The book examines the primary opportunities and risks associated with the use of NMTCs and discusses the methods used by national banks and federal savings associations (collectively, banks) to structure transactions and use the credits effectively.

On April 8, 2014 the Senate Committee on Finance held a hearing entitled "Protecting Taxpayers from Incompetent and Unethical Return Preparers". This book describes the rules governing paid tax return preparers and provides background relating to Internal Revenue Service regulation of the conduct of paid tax return preparers. The first section of this book describes Internal Revenue Code of 1986 rules relating to tax return preparers. The second section describes Treasury regulations relating to tax return preparers, including Circular 230. The third section describes court cases related to the application of Circular 230 to tax return preparers.

On July 22, 2014, the Senate Committee on Finance held a public hearing on the taxation of cross-border income. This book, prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation for the hearing, includes a description of present law, background on recent global activity related to the taxation of cross-border income, and descriptions and a comparison of recent proposals to reform the U.S. international tax system.

This book examines the most recent developments, analysis and research concerning taxation in the United States. Topics discussed in this compilation include the potential federal tax implications of United States v. Windsor; effects of a carbon tax on the economy and the environment; the distribution of major tax expenditures in the individual income tax system; corporate income tax; and appraised values on tax returns.

This book examines the most recent developments, analysis and research concerning taxation in the United States. Topics discussed in this compilation include corporate tax expenditures and information on estimated revenue losses and related federal spending programs; taxing businesses through the individual income tax; refundable tax credits; the ability of unauthorised aliens to claim refundable tax credits; and master limited partnerships as a policy option for the renewable energy industry.

In 2008, 12 percent of all federal revenues came from corporate income taxes. About half was paid by multinational corporations reporting income from foreign countries. How the federal government taxes U.S. multinational corporations has consequences for the U.S. economy overall as well as for the federal budget. Tax policies influence businesses' choices about how and where to invest, particularly as corporations assess whether it is more profitable to locate business operations in the United States or abroad. The tax laws also can create opportunities for tax avoidance by allowing multinational corporations to use accounting or other legal strategies to report income and expenses for their U.S. and foreign operations in ways that reduce their overall tax liability. This book examines policy options addressing particular concerns about the current system of taxation, with a focus on multinational corporations' investment strategies and reporting of income as well as U.S. revenues from corporate income taxes.

Fully updated each year, this, the leading textbook in the field, continues to provide coverage of the UK's tax system as it has for the last 19 years. Written in an accessible style with many examples, activities and questions throughout, this textbook gives the reader a thorough understanding of the UK's taxation principles and current practices.

This book examines the current federal income tax laws which differentiate among families by type and structure in several ways. This differentiation has changed considerably over the years and includes personal exemptions, standard deductions, rate schedules, and various other features such as child care credits, age exemptions, and earned income credits. Discussed also is the legislative history of the Child Tax Credit; dependent care tax benefits; the major provisions of the federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes; and tax benefits for the adoption of children through federal grants to states and through the tax code.

Federal law makes it a crime to utter "any obscene, indecent, or profane language by means of radio communication." Violators of this statute are subject to fines and imprisonment of up to two years, and the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) may enforce this provision by forfeiture or revocation of a broadcaster's license. Various federal officials have spoken in favour of extending the FCC's indecency restriction, which currently applies to broadcast television and radio, to cable and satellite television. This book examines whether such an extension would violate the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech.

Stamp Taxes 2021/22 is a comprehensive and practical guide to all current UK stamp and land taxes: Stamp Duty Land Tax (England and Northern Ireland), Stamp Duty (UK) and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (UK), together with commentary on Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (Scotland) and Land Transaction Tax (Wales). It explains the reasons behind many of the current rules by exploring the history and development of stamp taxes, whilst setting out the scope of each tax and explaining how they interact. Including numerous examples, with references to legislation, case law and HMRC guidance throughout, this is a practical handbook for those working in tax advisory firms and tax departments of corporate groups and other major investors in UK property and companies. It is also a useful study aid for students and trainees studying for membership of professional bodies.

Prior to the financial crisis and subsequent recession, the value of tax benefits for charitable contributions and organizations was estimated to be around $100 billion per year. About half of this cost arose from the deductions for charitable contributions with the other half from exemptions of earnings of non-profits. In 2010, the deduction for charitable contributions results in an estimated $40 billion in federal revenue losses. On average, endowment investments in 2009 experienced losses, meaning that the federal government did not lose revenues from exempting asset returns from taxation. This book provides an overview of recent changes affecting tax-exempt and charitable organizations, while also discussing issues that may be of legislative interest in the future.

Steuervermeidungsstrategien globaler Internet-Konzerne sind Gegenstand kontroverser politischer Debatten und stellen Deutschland und die Europaische Union vor beachtliche Herausforderungen. Globale Internet-Konzerne zahlen trotz ihrer hohen Umsatze vergleichsweise geringe Ertragsteuern, weil die geltenden steuer- und abkommensrechtlichen Vorgaben nicht auf grenzuberschreitende digitale Geschaftsmodelle zugeschnitten sind. Die vorliegende Publikation befasst sich mit den Besteuerungsdefiziten der Digitalen Wirtschaft. Die Autorin setzt sich kritisch mit ausgewahlten Reformvorschlagen auseinander, die durch die OECD, die Kommission und den deutschen Gesetzgeber in der jungeren Vergangenheit entwickelt und diskutiert wurden, darunter insbesondere mit dem Konzept der virtuellen Betriebsstatte.

This book analyses the tax law of the European Union, which has developed in the space between the national legal orders of the Member States on the one hand and the international regime (particularly the influences of the OECD, including BEPS) on the other. In that framework, the author considers the whole body of the tax law of the European Union: the general principles applicable to both direct and indirect taxation, the principle of equality and its more specific expressions on the basic freedoms and the prohibition of state aid, the principles of neutrality and ability to pay, taxpayers' fundamental rights, the justifications of infringements, including the fight against tax avoidance, secondary legislation in the area of direct taxes and details of the Union's VAT law and excise taxes.

This book provides information on an issue of critical importance to tax administration in this country; the practice of sheltering U.S. earned income in foreign jurisdictions as a means of avoiding U.S. taxation. Each year, the United States loses an estimated $100 billion in tax revenues due to offshore tax abuses. Offshore tax havens today hold trillions of dollars in assets provided by citizens of other countries, including the United States. A related issue is the extent to which financial institutions in tax havens may be facilitating international tax evasion. About 50 tax havens operate in the world today with their twin hallmarks being secrecy and tax avoidance. Billions and billions of dollars worth of U.S. assets find their way into these secrecy tax havens, aided by banks, trust companies, accountants, lawyers, and from offshore tax abuses. This book discusses such sources of tax havens, as well as the steps that the IRS has taken to alleviate this problem.

Fully updated each year,Taxation: Policy and Practice continues to provide coverage of the UK's tax system as it has for 16 years. It is an excellent aid to support a first course in tax, or as a general introduction to this topic. Written in an accessible style with many examples, activities and questions throughout, this textbook gives the reader a thorough understanding of the UK's taxation principles and current practices. The companion website provides additional questions and answers, links to other tax materials available online and commentary on tax developments as they occur throughout the year. "An excellent balance of practice and theory, without non essential detail, make this the first choice student text for UK tax" - Professor John Hasseldine, University of Nottingham

Unter Berucksichtigung der europaischen Vorgaben erlautert dieses Buch die Auswirkungen des Honorar-Anlageberatungsgesetzes auf die aufsichtsrechtlichen und zivilrechtlichen Anforderungen an eine ordnungsgemasse Honorar-Anlageberatung. Die europaische Finanzmarktrichtlinie MiFID II verfolgt unter anderem die Starkung der unabhangigen Anlageberatung. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat bereits im Jahr 2014 darauf reagiert und das Honorar-Anlageberatungsgesetz verabschiedet, das zu einer Starkung und Etablierung der unabhangigen Anlageberatung dienen soll. Denn die provisionsbasierte Anlageberatung hat in der Vergangenheit oft zu Falschberatungen der Anleger gefuhrt. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich das Buch ausfuhrlich mit den neuen aufsichtsrechtlichen Anforderungen an die Honorar-Anlageberatung. Zudem werden die vertraglichen Pflichten der Parteien des Honorar-Anlageberatungsvertrages umfassend untersucht und die Ausgestaltungsmoeglichkeiten des Honoraranspruches dargestellt.

This book answers the question: is Polish property tax legislation ready for the upcoming energy transformation? In Poland, real estate tax (property tax) is a material cost for property owners in energy because of the high value assets used by the sector. At the same time, unclear provisions of Polish tax law and variable jurisprudence can make it challenging for entrepreneurs to predict their tax bills. The current provisions of Polish tax law are often not well adjusted to the reality of modern economy, particularly in the case of assets used in the renewable energy sector. The book describes the problems that face taxpayers, tax authorities, and the administrative courts trying to apply current real estate tax provisions to renewable energy assets. The authors also examine the question of whether Polish legislators treat traditional and renewable sources of energy fairly. The readers of this book will be practitioners and researchers who are interested in issues of renewable energy taxation.