Fortschritte in der Medizin, in der Genomforschung und in der Informationstechnik stellen den Datenschutz vor ein Dilemma: Forschung und die Anwendung neuer Methoden setzen haufig voraus, dass personenbezogene Daten in grossem Umfang zentral verfugbar, verteilbar und verknupfbar sind. Gleichzeitig bergen zentrale Datensammlungen und die unubersehbare Weitergabe und Verknupfung sensitiver Daten die Gefahr, dass der Einzelne auf ein Datenraster reduziert wird und Selbstbestimmungsmoeglichkeiten verliert. Den Wertungskonflikten und der Schutzbedurftigkeit und Schutzfahigkeit personenbezogener genetischer, medizinischer und sozialer Daten widmete sich eine multidisziplinare Veranstaltungsreihe des Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, der Darmstadter Juristischen Gesellschaft und der Fakultat fur Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Technischen Universitat Darmstadt. Der vorliegende Band fasst die dabei entwickelten Gedanken verschiedener Wissenschaftsdisziplinen zusammen.

The core concern of this book is the potential use of taxation and related measures to foster climate-helpful, large-scale change within East Asia. The contributing authors examine key cases such as how Greater China, for instance, confronts severe environmental problems which are a direct product of several decades of remarkable economic growth. The detailed analysis in this book identifies a range of green taxation guidelines for East Asia as it seeks to drive down striking levels of environmental degradation - and address the climate change challenge. Addressing an important need in the public policy debate, this book will appeal to academics, students, government policy makers, regulators and practitioners in environmental law, taxation law and policy, as well as, comparative environmental law and comparative taxation law and policy. Public policy commentators and journalists with an interest in the above areas will also find this book worthwhile and informative. Contributors include: A. Cockfield, M. Derlen, S. Griffiths, W. Gumley, J. Lindholm, J. Milne, S. Phua, N. Stoianoff, J. Vanderwolk, Y. Xu

This book explores the taxation and exemption of churches and other religious institutions, both empirically and normatively. This exploration reveals that churches and other religious institutions are treated diversely by the federal and state tax systems. Sectarian institutions pay more tax than many believe. In important respects, the states differ among themselves in their respective approaches to the taxation of sectarian entities. Either taxing or exempting churches and other sectarian entities entangles church and state. The taxes to which churches are more frequently subject - federal Social Security and Medicare taxes, sales taxes, real estate conveyance taxes - fall on the less entangling end of the spectrum. The taxes from which religious institutions are exempt - general income taxes, value-based property taxes, unemployment taxes - are typically taxes with the greatest potential for church-state enforcement entanglement. It is unpersuasive to reflexively denounce the tax exemption of religious actors and institutions as a subsidy. Tax exemption can implement the secular, non-subsidizing goal of minimizing church-state enforcement entanglement and thus be regarded as part of a normative tax base. Taxing the church or exempting the church involves often difficult trade-offs among competing and legitimate values. On balance, our federal system of decentralized legislation reasonably make these legal and tax policy trade-offs, though there is room for improvement in particular settings such as the protection of internal church communications and the expansion of the churches' sales tax liabilities.

The first complete collection of constitutions and draughts of constitutions from Switzerland 1791 to 1865, includes approx. 470 national and cantonal documents. The documents are printed in their original languages. Vol. V encompasses 82 cantonal documents of Geneva.

Wolfgang Schoen: Eigenkapital und Fremdkapital - eine steuerpolitische Analyse.- Johannes Becker und Nadja Dwenger: Die Besteuerung von Fremd- und Eigenkapitalaus oekonomischer Sicht.- Christian Marquart: Steuerinduzierte Fremdfinanzierung von Unternehmen und Wege der Begrenzung des Zinsabzugs.- Alexander Jehlin: Die Quellenbesteuerungspolitik fur grenzuberschreitende Zinszahlungen zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungslandern - mit besonderer Betrachtung der BRIC-Staaten.- Marta Oliveros Castelon: 5 Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Brasiliens.- Tobias Beuchert und Philipp Redeker: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und GesellschaftsrechtDeutschlands.- Christine Osterloh-Konrad und Nadia Lagdali: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Frankreichs.- Andreas Bakrozis und Natalia Paxinou: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht Griechenlands.- Martin Boer: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Niederlande.- Sabine Heidenbauer und Astrid Roesener: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht OEsterreichs.- Carsten Hohmann und Lukas Muller: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Schweiz.- Carlo Pohlhausen und Erik Roeder: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht des Vereinigten Koenigreichs.- Andreas Gerten, Maximilian Haag und Daniel Kornack: Eigen- und Fremdkapital im Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.- Karin E.M. Kopp (geb. Beck): Eigenkapital, Fremdkapital und hybride Finanzierungen im internationalen Steuerrecht.

The Tax Rules Have Changed. Your Business Should, Too.The Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 marks the biggest tax reform in more than 30 years. The changes to the tax code are complex (especially for the small-business owner), but you don't have to go it alone. CPA and Attorney Mark J. Kohler delivers a comprehensive analysis of the new tax and legal structure you desperately need to help make the new tax law work for you. In this revised edition of The Tax and Legal Playbook, Kohler reveals clear-cut truths about tax and legal planning and delivers a practical, play-by-play guide that helps you build wealth, save on taxes, and protect your assets. Using real-world case studies, tax-savvy tips, game plans, and discussion points, Kohler coaches you through the complexities of the tax game of the small-business owner. You'll also learn how to: Examine your business needs and pick the right business entity for you Build your personal and corporate credit in eight steps Implement affordable asset protection strategies Take advantage of underutilized business tax deductions Pick the right health-care, retirement, and estate plans Bring on partners and investors the right way Plan for your future with self-directed retirement funds Reading from cover to cover or refer to each chapter as needed, you will come away wiser and better equipped to make the best decisions for your business, your family, and yourself.

Compliance has become key to our contemporary markets, societies, and modes of governance across a variety of public and private domains. While this has stimulated a rich body of empirical and practical expertise on compliance, thus far, there has been no comprehensive understanding of what compliance is or how it influences various fields and sectors. The academic knowledge of compliance has remained siloed along different disciplinary domains, regulatory and legal spheres, and mechanisms and interventions. This handbook bridges these divides to provide the first one-stop overview of what compliance is, how we can best study it, and the core mechanisms that shape it. Written by leading experts, chapters offer perspectives from across law, regulatory studies, management science, criminology, economics, sociology, and psychology. This volume is the definitive and comprehensive account of compliance.

This volume presents the reports and discussions held at the conference of the "Association of German Constitutional Teachers" in Erlangen from October, 1st to October, 4th, 2008.