This book illustrates the problems of using eye tracking technology and other bio-measurements in science education research. It examines the application of bio-measurements in researching cognitive processes, motivation for learning science concepts, and solving science problems. Most chapters of this book use the eye-tracking method, which enables following the focus of the students' attention and drawing conclusions about the strategies they used to solve the problem. This book consists of a total of fifteen chapters. Authors from eight countries emphasise the same trends despite their cultural and educational differences. The book begins with general chapters describing cognitive processes and how these processes are measured using eye-tracking methods and other psychophysiology parameters and motivation. Finally, the book concludes the chapters presenting studies in specific scientific fields from chemistry, biology, physics and geology.

'The Art of War' is an ancient Chinese military treatise that is attributed to Sun Tzu, a high ranking military general and strategist. It is composed of thirteen chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is accepted as a masterpiece on strategy, mastering conflict and winning battles. The text is frequently cited and referred to by generals and theorists since it was first published, translated, and distributed internationally. This new illustrated edition contains the translated text, and wide ranging photography showcasing how the ideas and philosophies of the Art of War have remained relevant over the course of history.

The Definitive Guide to Instructional Coaching offers a blueprint for establishing, administering, and assessing an instructional coaching program laser-focused on every educator's ultimate goal: the academic success of students. For more than 20 years, perfecting such a system has been the paramount objective of best-selling author and coaching guru Jim Knight and his team of researchers at the Instructional Coaching Group (ICG). Organized around ICG's seven 'Success Factors' for instructional coaching, this book offers: - An in-depth guide to the Impact Cycle, ICG's research-based and field-tested model for coaching teachers through issues that matter most to them. - Detailed guidance on how to create a 'playbook' of instructional strategies to share with collaborating teachers - and how to model those strategies under different conditions. - Practical advice on preparing for and engaging in substantive, reflective, and teacher-centred coaching conversations. - Best practices for gathering, analysing, and responding to data for improved teaching and learning. - Real-life anecdotes and testimonies from educators and coaches who have reaped the benefits of the Impact Cycle in a diverse array of schools. In addition, each chapter of the book contains a learning map to help orient you and a list of valuable additional resources to complement the text. Whether you're new to coaching or well versed in the practice, The Definitive Guide to Instructional Coaching will no doubt prove a cornerstone of your coaching library for years to come.

This book explores heutagogy (self-determined learning) - a new approach to teaching and learning in higher education - and proposes a paradigm shift in teaching, learning, and the educational enterprise and ecosystem. The first part of the book presents the philosophical, psychological and sociological foundations of heutagogy, and describes lessons learned from prior experiences of its implementation. The second part presents a collaborative self-study of five heutagogy courses in higher education. The third discusses how the academic community can enhance the paradigm change, and compares heutagogy to similar academic approaches. The concluding chapter of the book explores the question of "what next"? and suggests some possible elaborations of heutagogy. "At the beginning, it was very difficult for me to appreciate the course's mode of learning. All my life I had learned in a traditional manner. Occasionally I felt that I was being thrown into deep water without a lifeguard. ... But as the course progressed, I succeeded in letting go of my deeply rooted habits and discovered a new learning approach, through which I found in myself a new learner..." (Student's reflection) "...this book suggests a novel approach to learning and education and will become a widely read one." Dr. Lisa Marie Blaschke, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg

This book highlights innovative approaches to preparing secondary mathematics teachers. Based on empirical findings gathered in several countries on five continents, it provides a wealth of best practices for preparing secondary mathematics teachers, and discusses issues related to their professional and personal growth, such as identity, content knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge which also includes knowledge of integrating technology into teaching and learning mathematics. Divided into four parts, the book focuses on field experiences, technologies, tools and resources, teacher knowledge, and teacher professional identities. Some of the main threads running through the book are: the importance of university and school partners working together to ensure preservice secondary mathematics teacher' success in developing pedagogical strategies that lead toward students' mathematical engagement and achievement; the critical need for preservice secondary mathematics teachers to develop strong content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge; and the importance of providing opportunities, during pre-service education, for developing prospective teachers professional identities.

This book reports the results of a three-year research program funded by the National Science Foundation which targeted students and teachers from four Detroit high schools in order for them to learn, experience, and use IT within the context of STEM (IT/STEM), and explore 21st century career and educational pathways. The book discusses the accomplishment of these goals through the creation of a Community of Designers-- an environment in which high school students and teachers, undergraduate/graduate student assistants, and STEM area faculty and industry experts worked together as a cohesive team. The program created four project-based design teams, one for each STEM area. Each team had access to two year-round IT/STEM enrichment experiences to create high-quality learning projects, strategies, and curriculum models. These strategies were applied in after school, weekend, and summer settings through hands-on, inquiry-based activities with a strong emphasis on non-traditional approaches to learning and understanding. The book represents the first comprehensive description and analysis of the research program and suggests a plan for future development and refinement.

As the educational system continues to evolve, it is essential that educators of today devise innovative and strategic approaches to program development and assessment. The Handbook of Research on Program Development and Assessment Methodologies in K-20 Education is an essential reference source for the latest terminology and concepts related to program development. Featuring extensive coverage on a broad range of topics such as cognitive diagnostic assessments, self-directed learning, and digital education, this publication is ideally designed for educators, students, program designers, and librarians seeking current research on inventive strategies and practices to enhance education in the 21st century.

This book brings together an international group of literacy studies scholars who have investigated mobile literacies in a variety of educational settings. Approaching mobility from diverse theoretical perspectives, the book makes a significant contribution to how mobile literacies, and tablets in particular, are being conceptualised in literacy research. The book focuses on tablets, and particularly the iPad, as a prime example of mobile literacies, setting this within the broader context of literacy and mobility. The book provides inspiration and direction for future research in mobile literacies, based upon 16 chapters that investigate the relationship between tablets and literacy in diverse ways. Together they address the complex and multiple forces associated with the distribution of the technologies themselves and the texts they mediate, and consider how apps, adults and children work together as iPads enter the mesh of practices and material arrangements that constitute the institutional setting.

The newly revised and updated fourth edition of Methods and Materials for Teaching the Gifted is an excellent introduction to gifted education and real-world learning. The chapters of this comprehensive textbook are written by respected leaders in the field of gifted education. The authors review the unique needs of gifted learners and give current information on instructional planning and evaluation, strategies for best practices, and ongoing enhancement and support of gifted programs. Chapters include topics such as differentiated curricular design, extending learning through research, writing challenging instructional units, and developing leadership skills and innovative thinkers. Instructional practices such as problem-based learning, technology literacy, independent study, simulation and gaming, and more are addressed. A special focus is given to using the Gifted Education Programming Standards and Common Core State Standards. The fourth edition provides updated information on funding sources and public relations strategies for gifted education programs. It also includes updated lists of books, teaching materials, websites, and other resources for teachers of the gifted.

"This volume provides essential guidance for transforming mathematics learning in schools through the use of innovative technology, pedagogy, and curriculum. It presents clear, rigorous evidence of the impact technology can have in improving students learning of important yet complex mathematical concepts -- and goes beyond a focus on technology alone to clearly explain how teacher professional development, pedagogy, curriculum, and student participation and identity each play an essential role in transforming mathematics classrooms with technology. Further, evidence of effectiveness is complemented by insightful case studies of how key factors lead to enhancing learning, including the contributions of design research, classroom discourse, and meaningful assessment.
The volume organizes over 15 years of sustained research by multiple investigators in different states and countries who together developed an approach called "SimCalc" that radically transforms how Algebra and Calculus are taught.
The SimCalc program engages students around simulated motions, such as races on a soccer field, and builds understanding using visual representations such as graphs, and familiar representations such as stories to help students to develop meaning for more abstract mathematical symbols. Further, the SimCalc program leverages classroom wireless networks to increase participation by all students in doing, talking about, and reflecting on mathematics. Unlike many technology programs, SimCalc research shows the benefits of balanced attention to curriculum, pedagogy, teacher professional development, assessment and technology -- and has proven effectiveness results at the scale of hundreds of schools and classrooms.
Combining the findings of multiple investigators in one accessible volume reveals the depth and breadth of the research program, andengages readers interested in: "

"* Engaging students in deeply learning the important concepts in mathematics
* Designing innovative curriculum, software, and professional development
. Effective uses of technology to improve mathematics education
* Creating integrated systems of teaching that transform mathematics classrooms
* Scaling up new pedagogies to hundreds of schools and classrooms
* Conducting research that really matters for the future of mathematics learning"

"* Engaging students in deeply learning the important concepts in mathematics
* Designing innovative curriculum, software, and professional development
. Effective uses of technology to improve mathematics education
* Creating integrated systems of teaching that transform mathematics classrooms
* Scaling up new pedagogies to hundreds of schools and classrooms
* Conducting research that really matters for the future of mathematics learning"

"

This book presents thirty-one accounts by final-year pre-service teachers, providing guidance and insights for less advanced teacher education students, and illustrating the use of life history and narrative stories as methods for pre-service teachers to explore educational issues in classroom practice. This life-history approach identifies those political, economic, and social forces that have impinged on the individual at different points in their life and contributed to the process of changing their identities. These stories are not written by established specialists in the areas they deal with, but instead by novice teachers at the beginning of their paths towards mastering the intricacies of teaching and learning in school settings. As such the book provides a mentoring framework and a means of helping pre-service teachers share their valuable experiences and insights into aspects such as how to manage practicum requirements. It helps establish a supportive relationship among pre-service teachers, providing them with access to valuable peer experiences. In addition it helps pre-service teachers make sense of their own practicum experiences and reflect on their own beliefs and professional judgement to develop their approaches and solve problems in their own classroom practice.

This book draws on experiences from a range of vocational education systems in different nation states and re-examines the purpose of providing experiences outside educational institutions; the kinds and extent of those experiences; and efforts made to ensure the integration of students' experiences across sites. Analyses of the various vocational education systems, their purposes and practices across nations, and challenges experienced by different stakeholders illustrate different approaches to the integration of learning at different sites. The book includes a consideration of what constitutes the integration and reconciliation of experiences, and their attendant educational implications. This extends an appraisal of the concepts of integration, reconciliation, curriculum and work readiness, each of which has a range of connotations. Integration or reconciliation is differentiated from transfer of learning, which is commonly based on simple assumptions that the educational institutions will provide theory and that the workplaces will provide practice from the workplaces, and that the two can be easily linked by students. The contributions from different nation states clearly demonstrate that integration is a collaborative process and requires the agency of stakeholders operating at global, national and specific learning site levels.

This book celebrates the scholarly achievements of Prof. David A. Watkins, who has pioneered research on the psychology of Asian learners, and helps readers grasp the cognitive, motivational, developmental, and socio-cultural aspects of Asian learners learning experiences. A wide range of empirical and review papers, which examine the characteristics of these experiences as they are shaped by both the particularities of diverse educational systems/cultural milieus and universal principles of human learning and development, are showcased. The individual chapters, which explore learners from fourteen Asian countries, autonomous regions, and/or economies, build on research themes and approaches from Prof. Watkins' research work, and are proof of the broad importance and enduring relevance of his seminal psychological research on learners and the learning process.

This book examines current trends in higher education and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. It introduces readers to pedagogical strategies that instructors worldwide are using to overcome some of the challenges they face in higher education. To maximize their students' learning, this work argues that institutions are compelled to innovate their policies and instructors must be collaborative and creative in their practices in response to students' growing demands, needs, challenges to their learning, and the shifting terrain of a rapidly globalizing world. The text explores the idiosyncrasies and challenges that drive innovation across particular cultures, disciplines and institutions. It suggests that the responses to these drivers offer some universal and compatible lessons that not only optimize teaching and learning, but also transgress institutional, cultural, and disciplinary boundaries in higher education. The contributors to this collection work in the United States, the United Kingdom, Africa, Asia, Australia, Scandinavia and the Middle East. They represent a broad range of disciplines, fields and institutional types. They teach in varied contexts, durations, delivery modes, and formats, including online, study abroad, blended, accelerated, condensed, intensive and mortar-and-brick settings. Their higher education students are equally as diverse, in age, cultural backgrounds and needs, but willingly lend their voices and experiences to their instructors' study of teaching and learning in their particular contexts. This book harnesses the rich diversities and range our contributors represent and shares the results of their expertise, research, and assessments of some of the most creative and effective ways to improve student learning in the face of stagnant practices, limited resources, and other deficiencies that instructors and students face in higher education.

This book offers a challenge to traditional approaches to classroom teaching and pedagogy. The SPRinG (Social Pedagogic Research into Groupwork) project, part of a larger research programme on teaching and learning funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), was developed to enhance the learning potential of pupils working in classroom groups by actively involving teachers in a programme designed to raise levels of group work during typical classroom learning activities. Internationally, the SPRinG project is the largest evaluation of effective group working methods in comparison to traditional teaching, with findings that show raised levels of pupil achievement and a doubling of sustained, active engagement in learning.

The opening chapters present arguments regarding the relationship of social interaction and children's cognitive development and examine theories that explain why social interactional processes should be integrated into primary school pedagogic practices.

Next, the book describes the conceptual and methodological basis for the SPRinG studies, especially its focus on the relational approach, the type of involvement of teachers and classroom planning. Further chapters present key results and describe the background and methods used to establish SPRinG-based effects on pupil progress in mathematics, literacy and science, including both macro and micro assessments; how the SPRinG approach affected pupil-pupil interactions and teacher-pupil interactions, as measured by systematic on-the-spot observations and analyses of videotapes of groups working on specially designed tasks work; and effects on pupil self-completed measures of motivation and attitudes to group work.

The book also analyses reflections of teachers who have worked with SPRinG: moving from theory to practice as well as adding insights associated with implementing SPRinG principles in schools. Drawing upon developmental psychological, social psychological and classroom research, it develops a new and ambitious social pedagogic approach to classroom learning, with a stress on group work, which will be of interest to researchers, teachers and policy-makers.

"This bookincludes contributions fromAndrew Tolmie andEd Baines, who were also involved inthe ScotSPRinG and SPRinG projects."

This book models project-based environments that are intentionally designed around the United States Common Core State Standards (CCSS, 2010) for Mathematics, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013) for Science, and the National Educational Technology Standards (ISTE, 2008). The primary purpose of this book is to reveal how middle school STEM classrooms can be purposefully designed for 21st Century learners and provide evidence regarding how situated learning experiences will result in more advanced learning. This Project-Based Instruction (PBI) resource illustrates how to design and implement interdisciplinary project-based units based on the REAL (Realistic Explorations in Astronomical Learning - Unit 1) and CREATES (Chemical Reactions Engineered to Address Thermal Energy Situations - Unit 2). The content of the book details these two PBI units with authentic student work, explanations and research behind each lesson (including misconceptions students might hold regarding STEM content), pre/post research results of unit implementation with over 40 teachers and thousands of students. In addition to these two units, there are chapters describing how to design one's own research-based PBI units incorporating teacher commentaries regarding strategies, obstacles overcome, and successes as they designed and implemented their PBI units for the first time after learning how to create PBI STEM Environments the "REAL" way.

As children, we would have spilt glasses of milk, dropped things, and broken things. As children, therefore, we would have developed intuitions about how the world 'works', but we would not necessarily have been able to explain these 'workings'. It would only have been till we entered formal schooling that we would have learned codifications of canon within each respective discipline, and consequently how to articulate the canon to explain the intuition. The preceding example was from the natural sciences, but one could just have easily taken an example from, say, the environmental sciences or from the social sciences. Indeed, much of this book does just that, as it seeks to chart the territory of a new theory of learning around Disciplinary Intuitions. Many of the chapters within draw frequent and explicit linkages to curriculum design, from the premise of the need to go beyond addressing the conceptions of learners, to seeking to understand the substrate upon which these conceptions are founded. The argument is made that this substrate comprises the particular set of lived experiences of each learner, and how - because these lived experiences are as tacit as they are diverse - designing curriculum around misconceptions and preconceptions alone would not lead to enduring understanding from first principles. From this perspective, Disciplinary Intuitions constitute an exciting field at the nexus of learning theories and curriculum design.