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Books > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy
Jeff Morgan argues that both Immanuel Kant and Soren Kierkegaard
think of conscience as an individual's moral self-awareness before
God, specifically before the claim God makes on each person. This
innovative reading corrects prevailing views that both figures,
especially Kant, lay the groundwork for the autonomous individual
of modern life - that is, the atomistic individual who is
accountable chiefly to themselves as their own lawmaker. This book
first challenges the dismissal of conscience in 20th-century
Christian ethics, often in favour of an emphasis on corporate life
and corporate self-understanding. Morgan shows that this dismissal
is based on a misinterpretation of Immanuel Kant's practical
philosophy and moral theology, and of Soren Kierkegaard's second
authorship. He does this with refreshing discussions of Stanley
Hauerwas, Oliver O'Donovan, and other major figures. Morgan instead
situates Kant and Kierkegaard within a broad trajectory in
Christian thought in which an individual's moral self-awareness
before God, as distinct from moral self-awareness before a
community, is an essential feature of the Christian moral life.
This book endeavors to fill the conceptual gap in theorizing about
embodied cognition. The theories of mind and cognition which one
could generally call "situated" or "embodied cognition" have gained
much attention in the recent decades. However, it has been mostly
phenomenology (Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, etc.), which has served as
a philosophical background for their research program. The main
goal of this book is to bring the philosophy of classical American
pragmatism firmly into play. Although pragmatism has been arguably
the first intellectual current which systematically built its
theories of knowledge, mind and valuation upon the model of a
bodily interaction between an organism and its environment, as the
editors and authors argue, it has not been given sufficient
attention in the debate and, consequently, its conceptual resources
for enriching the embodied mind project are far from being
exhausted. In this book, the authors propose concrete subject-areas
in which the philosophy of pragmatism can be of help when dealing
with particular problems the philosophy of the embodied mind
nowadays faces - a prominent example being the inevitable tension
between bodily situatedness and the potential universality of
symbolic meaning.
Translation exposes aspects of language that can easily be ignored,
renewing the sense of the proximity and inseparability of language
and thought. The ancient quarrel between philosophy and literature
was an early expression of a self-understanding of philosophy that
has, in some quarters at least, survived the centuries. This book
explores the idea of translation as a philosophical theme and as an
important feature of philosophy and practical life, especially in
relation to the work of Stanley Cavell. The essays in this volume
explore philosophical questions about translation, especially in
the light of the work of Stanley Cavell. They take the questions
raised by translation to be of key importance not only for
philosophical thinking but for our lives as a whole. Thoreau's
enigmatic remark "The truth is translated" reveals that apparently
technical matters of translation extend through human lives to
remarkable effect, conditioning the ways in which the world comes
to light. The experience of the translator exemplifies the
challenge of judgement where governing rules and principles are
incommensurable; and it shows something of the ways in which words
come to us, opening new possibilities of thought. This book puts
Cavell's rich exploration of these matters into conversation with
traditions of pragmatism and European thought. Translation, then,
far from a merely technical matter, is at work in human being, and
it is the means of humanisation. The book brings together
philosophers and translators with common interests in Cavell and in
the questions of language at the heart of his work.
How do you decide what is ethically wrong and right? Few people
make moral judgments by taking the theory first. Specifically
written with the interests, needs, and experience of students in
mind, this textbook approaches thinking ethically as you do in real
life - by first encountering practical moral problems and then
introducing theory to understand and integrate the issues. Built
around engaging case studies from news media, court hearings,
famous speeches and philosophical writings, each of the 15
chapters: - explains and defines the moral problem dealt with -
provides excerpts of readings on all sides of the issue - analyses
the problem, using the relevant theory The examples are
recognizable ethical problems, including judgments about racism and
sexism, controversial debates such as assisted suicide and the
death penalty, and contemporary concerns like privacy and
technology, corporate responsibility, and the environment. The
mission of the book is to assist you to engage in informed,
independent, critical thinking and to enable you to enter into
ethical discussions in the classroom and beyond. Supported by
learning features, including study questions, key quotes, handy
definitions and a companion website, this book is essential for any
student of moral philosophy.
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Jacques Ellul
(Hardcover)
Jacob E. Van Vleet, Jacob Marques Rollison
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This book is dedicated to Dov Gabbay, one of the most outstanding
and most productive researchers in the area of logic, language and
reasoning. He has exerted a profound influence in the major fields
of logic, linguistics and computer science. Most of the chapters
included, therefore, build on his work and present results or
summarize areas where Dov has made major contributions. In
particular his work on Labelled Deductive Systems is addressed in
most of the contributions. The chapters on computational
linguistics address logical and deductive aspects of linguistic
problems. The papers by van Benthem Lambek and Moortgat investigate
categorial considerations and the use of labels within the "parsing
as deduction" approach. Analyses of particular linguistic problems
are given in the remaining papers by Kamp, Kempson, Moravcsik,
Konig and Reyle. They address the logic of generalized quantifiers,
the treatment of cross-over phenomena and temporal/aspectual
interpretation, as well as applicability of underspecified
deduction in linguistic formalisms. The more logic-oriented
chapters address philosophical and proof-theoretic problems and
give algorithmic solutions for most of them. The spectrum ranges
from K. Segerberg's contribution which brings together the two
traditions of epistemic and doxastic logics of belief, to M. Finger
and M. Reynold's chapter on two-dimensional executable logics with
applications to temporal databases. The book demonstrates that a
relatively small number of basic techniques and ideas, in
particular the idea of labelled deductive systems, can be
successfully applied in many different areas.
'Nobody knows how to write'. Thus opens this carefully nuanced and
accessible collection of essays by one of the most important
writer-philosophers of the 20th century, Jean-Francois Lyotard
(1924-1998). First published in French in 1991 as Lectures
d'enfance, these essays have never been printed as a collection in
English. In them, Lyotard investigates his idea of infantia, or the
infancy of thought that resists all forms of development, either
human or technological. Each essay responds to works by writers and
thinkers who are central to cultural modernism, such as James
Joyce, Franz Kafka, Hannah Arendt, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Sigmund
Freud. This volume - with a new introduction and afterword by
Robert Harvey and Kiff Bamford - contextualises Lyotard's thought
and demonstrates his continued relevance today.
A new wave of thinkers from across different disciplines within the
analytical tradition in philosophy has recently focused on
critical, societal challenges, such as the silencing and
questioning of the credibility of oppressed groups, the political
polarization that threatens the good functioning of democratic
societies across the globe, or the moral and political significance
of gender, race, or sexual orientation. Appealing to both
well-established and younger international scholars, this volume
delves into some of the most relevant problems and discussions
within the area, bringing together for the first time different
essays within what we deem to be a "political turn in analytic
philosophy." This political turn consists of putting different
conceptual and theoretical tools from epistemology, philosophy of
language, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics at the service of
social and political change. The aim is to ensure a better
understanding of some of the key features of our social
environments in an attempt to achieve a more just and equal
society.
On the Pleasure of Hating, William Hazlitt's classic contemplation
of human hatred, is in this edition accompanied by several of his
finest essays. As one of England's most distinguished wits of the
early 19th century, William Hazlitt was an accomplished author,
painter and critic whose barbed prose was notorious in literary
circles at the time. Hazlitt wrote the titular essay of this
collection in 1826, when his personal circumstances were strained;
we thus find his tone both markedly resentful and embittered. On
the Pleasure of Hating is, however, among the finest and most
consistently insightful and lucid works Hazlitt ever wrote. Perhaps
Hazlitt's greatest claim to prowess was his ability to produce
succinct and quotable passages. Each of the six essays in this
compendium contain prime examples of the perceptive phrases and
summations which Hazlitt regularly produced in his prime.
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