Crossing open waters has always been a dangerous undertaking, but drawing close to the destination is the most hazardous part of the sailor's journey. Reaching the right harbor during the night and knowing how to avoid razor-sharp rocks or reefs is a task that can defeat the most experienced navigator--often with fatal results.
Since earliest times the response to these dangers has been to erect a light-bearing tower, a beacon to sailors that could guide them into port safely. Some of these early lighthouses were merely stone towers built on the shore, but others, like the Colossus of Rhodes--a 110-foot (33m) statue of the sun god Helios, built in 282 B.C. in the Mediterranean--became wonders of the ancient world.
Architecturally imposing and cloaked with an air of romance, lighthouses continue to fascinate us. Often there are tales of strange events connected to lonely lighthouses--tragic stories of keepers and ghosts at sea.
Minot's Ledge is one such place. At least forty vessels had run aground off this deadly outcrop just southeast of Boston before construction of a tower began in 1847. It didn't last very long. Four years later, the original lighthouse was toppled by a devastating hurricane that washed its two keepers into the sea. Although Minot's Ledge Light is no longer manned, tales persist of eerie sounds, slamming doors, and apparitions of a man, soaking wet, clinging to a rope outside the new tower This is a chilling reminder that even the most valiant efforts to prevent tragedy can be in vain.
Leo Marriott's LIGHTHOUSES, illustrated with more than 100 color photographs, takes readers on a historical and international tour of these wonderful structures. It recounts tales of great courage and tragedy, as well as details of why and how the lighthouses were built.

This two volume set presents the reader with new strategies for the contributions of psychology and Human Factors to the safe and effective functioning of aviation organizations and systems. The volumes comprise the edited contributions to the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium. The chapters within are orientated towards presenting and developing practical solutions for the current and future challenges facing the aviation industry. Each volume covers areas of vital and enduring importance within today's complex aviation system. Volume 2 covers Selection, Training, Human-Machine Interface, Air Traffic Control, Maintenance and Situational Awareness. Invited chapters include contributions from Capt. DaA+/-iel Maurino (ICAO), Professor Bob Helmreich (University of Texas), Jean Paries and Dr. Ashleigh Merritt (Dedale), Professor Ron Westrum (Eastern Michigan University), Capt. Azmi Radzi (Malaysian Airlines), Nicole SvA!tek (Virgin Atlantic), Professor Patrick Hudson (Leiden University), Dr. Sherry Chappell (Delta Technology), Dr. Nick McDonald (Trinity College, Dublin), Professor Jan Davies (University of Calgary), Capt. John Bent (Cathay Pacific Airways), Dr. Carol Manning (FAA), Dr. Manfred Barberino and Dr. Anne Isaac (EUROCONTROL), Dr. Drew Dawson (University of South Australia), Rebecca Chute and Professor Earl Wiener (NASA Ames), Dr. Gavan Lintern (AMRL), Bert Ruitenberg (IFATCA) and Dr. Mica Endsley (SA Technologies)

Workers who loaded and unloaded ships have formed a distinctive occupational group over the past two centuries. As trade expanded so the numbers of dock labourers increased and became concentrated in the major ports of the world. This ambitious two-volume project goes beyond existing individual studies of dock workers to develop a genuinely comparative international perspective over a long historical period. Volume 1 contains studies of 22 major ports worldwide. Built around an agreed framework of issues, these 'port studies' examine the type of workers who dominated dock labour, their race, class and ethnicity, the working conditions of dockers and the role of government as employer, arbitrator and supporter. The studies also detail how dockers organized their labour, patterns of strike action and involvement in political organizations. The structure of the port city is also outlined and descriptions given of the waterside environment. These areas of investigation form the basis for a series of 11 thematic studies which comprise Volume 2. Drawing on the information provided in the port studies, these essays identify important aspects and recurring themes, and explain how and why particular cases diverge from the rest. The final chapter of the book synthesizes the various approaches taken to offer a model which suggests several configurations of dock labour and presents suggestions for future research. This major scholarly achievement represents the most sustained attempt to date to provide a comparative international history of dock labour. An annotated bibliography completes this essential reference work.

Merchant navies are more than simply freight-hauling services. They represent economic and industrial strength and are important adjuncts to a nation's navy, providing material support as well as a supply of trained manpower. This study revises the definition of maritime power through a more comprehensive understanding and appreciation for the roles played by the merchant marine of a nation.

Although cognitive engineering has gained widespread acceptance as one of the most promising approaches to addressing and preventing difficulties with human-machine coordination and collaboration, it still meets with considerable skepticism and resistance in some of the industries that could benefit from its insights and recommendations. The challenge for cognitive engineers is to better understand the reasons underlying these reservations and to overcome them by demonstrating and communicating more effectively their concepts, approaches, and proposed solutions. To contribute to this goal, the current volume presents concrete examples of cognitive engineering research and design. It is an attempt to complement the already existing excellent literature on cognitive engineering in domains other than aviation and to introduce professionals and students in a variety of domains to this rather young discipline.
The editors of this book, and the authors whose work is included, subscribe to the need to evaluate work in context. Accepting new paradigms for the study of humans working in complex environments, they view the human as an asset--indeed a necessity--in human-machine systems and they accept and take advantage of variations in human behavior. In addition, they recognize that much or most error is the result of mismatches between human capabilities and the demands placed on those humans by the machines which they use in the environments in which they are placed. As a whole, this volume illustrates how far we've come in understanding the cognitive bases of human work in complex human-machine systems.

An examination of the varied paths of the American inter-city bus industry from its origins in the second decade of the 20th century to deregulation in 1982. This sector of transport has been much neglected by historians and this book seeks to uncover a range of useful and pertinent information to those who are interested in understanding entrepreneurial endeavours, patterns of mobility and consumer attitudes. It analyzes the development of the national industry, probes the growth of particular companies and investigates specific aspects of business behaviour. The work is presented as a series of focused essays which offer insights into such topics as regulation, marketing, gender patterns and intermodal competition. It draws on diverse archival materials, government surveys and findings, trade publications, interviews and photographs. A wide-ranging bibliographical essay offers a guide to available sources.

Peak-hour traffic congestion has become a major problem in most U.S. cities. In fact, a majority of residents in metropolitan and suburban areas consider congestion their most serious local problem. As citizens have become increasingly frustrated by repeated traffic delays that cost them money and waste time, congestion has become an important factor affecting local government policies in many parts of the nation. In this new book, Anthony Downs looks at the causes of worsening traffic congestion, especially in suburban areas, and considers the possible remedies. He analyzes the specific advantages and disadvantages of every major strategy that has been proposed to reduce congestion. In nontechnical language, he focuses on two central issues: the relationships between land-use and traffic flow in rapidly growing areas, and whether local policies can effectively reduce congestion or if more regional approaches are necessary. In rapidly growing parts of the country, congestion is worse than it was five or ten years ago. But Downs notes that the problem has apparently not yet become bad enough to stimulate effective responses. Neither government officials nor citizens seem willing to consider changing the behavior and public policies that cause congestion. To alleviate the problem, both groups must be prepared to make these fundamental changes. Selected by Choice as an Outstanding Book of 1992 Co-published with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

El Manual de Pruebas y Criterios contiene criterios y descripciones de metodos y procedimientos de prueba para la clasificacion de mercancias peligrosas de acuerdo con las disposiciones de las partes 2 y 3 de las "Recomendaciones relativas al Transporte de Mercancias Peligrosas: Reglamentacion Modelo", y para la clasificacion de los productos quimicos que presentan peligros fisicos de acuerdo con el "Sistema Globalmente Armonizado de clasificacion y etiquetado de productos quimicos (SGA)". Como consecuencia, complementa tambien los reglamentos nacionales o internacionales que se derivan de las recomendaciones de las Naciones Unidas relativas al transporte de mercancias peligrosas o el SGA .

Advances in simulation technology have enabled an interesting amount of training and instruction to be conducted on training simulators instead of on real systems. However, experiences with the procurement and use of training simulators has not always been as successful, often owing to a lack of knowledge of didactics and of training programme development, and also to inadequate simulator specifications. The Handbook of Simulator-based Training represents the first comprehensive overview of the European state of the art in simulator-based training. It also comprises a well-founded and systematic approach to simulator-based training and the specification of simulator requirements. The multi-disciplinary research project described in this book combines the expertise of specialists in human factors, information systems, system design and engineering from 23 research and industrial organizations from five countries - France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK. The authors have synthesized and documented the project results to ensure that this handbook provides not only many valuable guidelines, but more importantly a common frame of reference. It will be a key resource for the many specialists who are concerned with simulator-based training: researchers, engineers, and users; military training institutes and training system development departments; military staff responsible for the procurement of training devices and simulators; the simulator industry; the training research community; and the human factors and ergonomics community.

This book analyses the rhetorical background and strategies of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) and those of Ronald Reagan in reference to the 1981 strike. Was firing 11,000 federal employees the only option, or the best option available?

This book is the third in the series and describes some of the most recent advances and examines emerging problems in engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics. It bridges the gap between the academic theoreticians, who are developing models of human performance, and practitioners in the industrial sector, responsible for the design, development and testing of new equipment and working practices.

Survival for Aircrew is essential reading for any aviation personnel who might at any time fly over water or inhospitable terrain. The ability to conquer nature and survive long enough to be rescued is a skill that could have saved the lives of countless aircrew and passengers in the past, and could save many lives in the future. Designed to be an easy-to-read instructional resource, this book teaches aircrews all the survival methods they are ever likely to need, in any eventuality. Illustrated throughout for ease of reference, this book looks at the aircrew role in an aviation survival situation, at the equipment required and at the possible scenarios. Its emphasis on crew behaviour makes the book unique, whether the reader is involved in general aviation, airline industry or government service. Features include: *

Since deregulation in the United States, most jet operating new-entrant carriers have failed. Theories on competition had been put to the test and reality turned out to be different to the vision. To begin with many new-entrant airlines were successful, but were not able to create sustainable strategies to survive as incumbent carriers adjusted to the new operating environment. This book explains the complex issues that led to the almost total failure rate of the 'first wave' new-entrant airlines. The background to the pre-nineties failure predicament is examined in order to give a good overview of the characteristics of new-entrant airlines and of the environment in which they operate. Attention is given to the new-entrants' strategies and management in order to explore past deficiencies and to pave the way for successful new strategies. The author covers the new-entrants' structure and then identifies critical factors through distress/failure prediction models. His approach is broad, and conclusions on airline failure are based on a dynamic framework, rather than a simple prescription for success or how to avoid failure. It is hoped that the reader will thereby come to recognize more fully the adaptability of incumbent airlines as well as the past mistakes of new airlines and gain some insights into new airline strategies. The book is in two main parts. The first part establishes what sort of an environment the new-entrants encounter. The second part gives results of a survey research giving an insight into management priorities and organization characteristics at new-entrant airlines and their linkage with good and poor performance. In addition critical factors are derived from failure and distress prediction models based on survey data and financial and traffic data on new-entrants. The final chapter brings together the various parts of the book and covers an inventory of new-entrants' critical factors. The readership includes managers in

Shipping is the world's oldest sharing economy and is conducted in a self-organizing manner. Shipping is capital, energy, and information intensive, and with the growing impact of digitalization and climate change, there is a need to rethink the management and operations of this critical global industry - assisted in no small way by maritime informatics. Building upon the recently published inaugural book Maritime Informatics by Springer, this book will address some of the most recent practical developments and experiences, particularly from a global perspective. The focus of the book is to address contemporary movements to tackle global concerns and to complement Maritime Informatics.

This book is a unique collection of perspectives provided by a mix of leading academics, industrialists and government officials on the challenges facing the European aerospace industry. The book focuses on two interrelated, daunting challenges. The consolidated American aerospace industry, which in the 1990s has undergone $100bn worth of merger activity. The second is the compelling task of rationalization and consolidation required in the European industry itself. Through a mix of analytical perspectives and project-oriented assessments, the book provides an essential guide to the major strategic agenda for the European industry. A unique feature is the contribution of leading industry executives and project managers. These industry insiders outline the dilemmas and challenges facing the industry from the viewpoint of those at the sharp end of the business. The book is an essential guide to the technical, political and economic agenda for aerospace in the next decade and beyond.

The Business of Shipbuilding thoroughly analyses vessel construction, from material receipt and preparation, to final outfitting. It explains the central role of computer technology in the design process, the growing importance of supply chain management for materials and services and the use of subcontractors. Methods of measuring progress, productivity, performance and the need for enforcing standards during construction are also discussed. Through the use of practical examples, The Business of Shipbuilding explains the structure of shipbuilding in Japan, Korea, the European Union, China, Eastern Europe and the Americas and places this in the context of the economic and political climate of each region. Written in a clear and concise style and illustrated throughout with diagrams, charts and plans, The Business of Shipbuilding will be an invaluable reference tool both for experienced shipbuilders and for shipowners, managers, operators, brokers, insurers, lawyers, universities, surveyors and equipment suppliers.

From the bestselling author of THE WALKER'S GUIDE TO OUTDOOR CLUES AND SIGNS A must-have book for walkers, sailors, swimmers, anglers and everyone interested in the natural world, in How To Read Water, Natural Navigator Tristan Gooley shares knowledge, skills, tips and useful observations to help you enjoy the landscape around you and learn about the magic of the outdoors from your living room. Includes over 700 clues, signs and patterns. From wild swimming in Sussex to wayfinding in Oman, via the icy mysteries of the Arctic, Tristan Gooley draws on his own pioneering journeys to reveal the secrets of ponds, puddles, rivers, oceans and more to show us all the skills we need to read the water around us.

White Star Line was originally founded in Liverpool in 1845 for travel to Australia but was eventually purchased by Thomas Ismay and transformed into the successful Oceanic Steam Navigation Co. Cleverly merging with Harland & Wolff, the line focussed on luxury over speed, developing many of the world's favourite vessels. Finally merging with its great rival Cunard in the 1930s depression, the companies continued to operate separately while flying one another's flags. This evocative book explores the colourful history of White Star Line, from personal postcards with messages from passengers, crew and troops, to the careers of her vessels in peacetime and at war, all from Patrick Mylon's impressive collection. It includes ships with alternative identities, unusual stories like the planned escape of Dr Crippen, and showcases a wide variety of interior views, adverts and 'proof', silk and Company Issue cards, conveying the glamour, drama and history of this world-renowned line.

Provides a comprehensive overview of the subject of marine governance and environmental change, which will serve as a key reference textbook. Reflects the immense global concern over issues such as sea level rise, marine biodiversity including coral reefs, fisheries, maritime trade and shipping. Draws on and will apeal to a wide range of dsiciplines including marine biology, climate science, geography, law, politics and international relations.

The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN) done at Geneva on 26 May 2000 under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine (CCNR) has been in force since February 2008. This version has been prepared on the basis of amendments applicable as from 1 January 2019. The Regulations annexed to the ADN contain provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles, their carriage in packages and in bulk on board inland navigation vessels or tank vessels, as well as provisions concerning the construction and operation of such vessels. They also address requirements and procedures for inspections, the issue of certificates of approval, recognition of classification societies, monitoring, and training and examination of experts. They are harmonized to the greatest possible extent with the dangerous goods agreements for other modes of transport.

The problem of fault diagnosis and reconfigurable control is a new and actually developing field of science and engineering. The subject becomes more interesting since there is an increasing demand for the navigation and control systems of aerospace vehicles, automated actuators etc. to be more safe and reliable. Nowadays, the problems of fault detection and isolation and reconfigurable control attract the attention the scientists in the world. The subject is emphasized in the recent international congresses such as IF AC World Congresses (San Francisco-1996, Beijing-1999, and Barcelona-2002) and lMEKO World Congresses (Tampere-1997, Osaka-1999, Vienna-2000), and also in the international conferences on fault diagnosis such as SAFEPROCESS Conferences (Hull-1997, Budapest-2000). The presented methods in the book are based on linear and nonlinear dynamic mathematical models of the systems. Technical objects and systems stated by these models are very large, and include various control systems, actuators, sensors, computer systems, communication systems, and mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and electronic devices. The analytical fault diagnosis techniques of these objects have been developed for several decades. Many of those techniques are based on the use of the results of modem control theory. This is natural, because it is known that fault diagnosis process in control systems is considered as a part of general control process. xxii In organization of fault diagnosis of control systems, the use of the concepts and methods of modem control theory including concepts of state space, modeling, controllability, observability, estimation, identification, and filtering is very efficient.

This timely book deals with the problem of pricing passenger and freight transportation within Europe. The contributors argue that current legislation affecting pricing and regulation is increasingly less successful in dealing with market failures and externalities such as congestion, air pollution, noise and accidents. Technological progress and greater European co-operation has brought increased scope for the reform of transport policies. Reforming Transport Pricing in the European Union includes an economic diagnosis of the pricing problem, proposals for new pricing and regulation structures together with a quantified assessment of the likely impact for several European cities and countries. The effects of traffic volume, cost, and overall economic welfare are computed for all forms of passenger and freight transport in urban and non-urban areas. The book analyses various alternative policies including combinations of higher fuel excise, alternative parking policies, cordon pricing, electronic road pricing and emissions regulation. The research is based on a set of formal models which facilitate the analysis and comparison of results. The range of policies studied and the variety of methodologies employed, will ensure that this book will be of great benefit to European and national transport policymakers, transport economists and transport consultants.