As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) appear in many promising applications by deployment over various geographical areas such as infrastructure protection, scientific exploration, military surveillance, and smart environments, it is essential for a resource to address their current advancements. The Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends in Wireless Sensor Networks: From Principle to Practice provides state-of-the-art research describing the progression, implementation, issues, and trends in the rapidly changing world of WSNs. This defining body of innovative findings features the latest developments and studies of wireless senor networks in order to encourage new breakthroughs in this exciting technology.

The first book on 6G wireless presents an overall vision for 6G - an era of intelligence-of-everything - with drivers, key capabilities, use cases, KPIs, and the technology innovations that will shape it. These innovations include immersive human-centric communication, sensing, localization, and imaging, connected machine learning and networked AI, Industry 4.0 and beyond with connected intelligence, smart cities and life, and the satellite mega-constellation for 3D full-Earth wireless coverage. Also covered are new air-interface and networking technologies, integrated sensing and communications, and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. In addition, novel network architectures to enable network AI, user centric networks, native trustworthiness are discussed. Essential reading for researchers in academia and industry working on B5G wireless communications.

In recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance analysis and evaluation of modulation schemes to be used in wireless and optical networks, towards the development of the next and future generations of mobile cellular communication systems. Modulation Theory is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Modulation Theory or Communication Systems, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the communications area. The modulation aspects presented in the book use modern concepts of stochastic processes, such as autocorrelation and power spectrum density, which are novel for undergraduate texts or professional books, and provides a general approach for the theory, with real life results, applied to professional design. This text is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses, and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with the a modern exposition of the modulation theory. The book covers signal representations for most known waveforms, Fourier analysis, and presents an introduction to Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals. It introduces the concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes, including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, power spectral and cross-spectral densities, for random signals, and their applications to the analysis of linear systems. This chapter also includes the response of specific non-linear systems, such as power amplifiers. The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem.

Over the past few decades, wireless access networks have evolved extensively to support the tremendous growth of consumer traffic. This superlative growth of data consumption has come about due to several reasons, such as evolution of the consumer devices, the types of telephone and smartphone being used, convergence of services, digitisation of economic transactions, tele-education, telemedicine, m-commerce, virtual reality office, social media, e-governance, e-security, to name but a few. Not only has the society transformed to a digital world, but also the expectations from the services provided have increased many folds. The last mile/meters of delivery of all e-services is now required to be wireless. It has always been known that wireless links are the bottleneck to providing high data rates and high quality of service. Several wireless signalling and performance analysis techniques to overcome the hurdles of wireless channels have been developed over the last decade, and these are fuelling the evolution of 4G towards 5G. Evolution of Air Interface Towards 5G attempts to bring out some of the important developments that are contributing towards such growth.

This book provides a comprehensive overview for the use of femtocells in smart Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Femtocells will help mobile operators to provide a basis for the next generation of services which are a combination of voice, video, and data services to mobile users. This book discusses modelling traffic and deployment strategies in femtocells and provides a review for the use of femtocells and their applications in IoT environments. Moreover, it highlights the efficient real-time medium access, data delivery, caching and security aspects in smart spaces. It concludes by presenting open research issues associated with smart IoT-femtocell based applications.

Towards Future Technologies for Business Ecosystem Innovation describes CONASENSE within the broad platform of the CTIF Global Capsule (CGC) covering future technologies and its enablers, smart cities, telemedicine, crowd computing, satellite, unmanned air vehicles , cooperative wireless sensor network, remotely piloted aircraft system, network neutrality as well as virtual business model

This book on SDP is the first of this kind that attempts to put all SDP related RFCs together with their mandatory and optional texts in a chronological systematic way as if people can use a single "super-SDP RFC" with almost one-to-one integrity from beginning to end to see the big picture of SDP in addition to base SDP functionalities.

This book shows how to build a "INFelecPHY GPS Unit" (IEP-GPS) tracking system for fleet management that is based on 3G and GPRS modules. This model should provide reliability since it deals with several protocols: 1) HTTP and HTTPS to navigate, download and upload in real time the information to a web server, 2) FTTP and FTTPS to handle in a non-real time the files to the web application, and 3) SMTP and POP3 to send and receive email directly from the unit in case of any alert. Similar to a mobile device, but without screen for display, it is multifunctional because it links to a GPRS module, a camera, a speaker, headphone, a keypad and screen.

Research in information, communications and signal processing has brought about new services, applications and functions in a large number of fields which include consumer electronics, biomedical devices and defence. These applications play an important role in advancing technologies to enhance human life in general. Recent Advances in Information, Communications and Signal Processing aims to give students, researchers, and engineers information pertaining to recent advances in these fields. In terms of research in signal processing topics, the two chapters included in this book have a strong emphasis on advances in algorithmic development in the biomedical, and human-computer interfaces domain areas. More specifically, the use of deep learning for placental maturity staging is discussed as well as the use of vibration analysis for localising impacts on surfaces for human-computer applications. In terms of communications signal processing, advances in new wireless communication such as NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) and millimetre-wave antenna design for 5G cellular mobile radio, as well as innovations in LDPC (low density parity check code) decoding and networking coding, are featured.

The Cloud in IoT-enabled Spaces addresses major issues and challenges in IoT-based solutions proposed for the Cloud. It paves the way for IoT-enabled spaces in the next generation cloud computing paradigm and opens the door for further innovative ideas. Topics include Cloud-based optimization in the IoT era, scheduling and routing, medium access, data caching, secure access, uncertainty, home automation, machine learning in wearable devices, energy monitoring, and plant phenotyping in farming. Smart spaces are solutions where Internet of Things (IoT)-enabling technologies have been employed towards further advances in the lifestyle. It tightly integrates with the existing Cloud infrastructure to impact several fields in academia and industry. The Cloud in IoT-enabled Spaces provides an overview of the issues around small spaces and proposes the most up-to-date alternatives and solutions. The objective is to pave the way for IoT-enabled spaces in the next-generation Cloud computing and open the door for further innovative ideas.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is considered to be an innovative game changing technology. The same radio wave and electromagnetic field theory and technology for wireless communication and remote sensing is applied for WPT. In conventional wireless communication systems, information is "carried" on a radio wave and is then transmitted over a distance. In WPT however, the energy of the radio wave itself is transmitted over a distance. Wireless communication technology has proven to be extremely useful, however in future it should be even more useful to apply both wireless communication and wireless power technologies together. There are various WPT technologies, e.g. inductive near field WPT, resonance coupling WPT, WPT via radio waves, and laser power transfer. Recent Wireless Power Transfer Technologies via Radio Waves focusses on recent technologies and applications of the WPT via radio waves in far field. The book also covers the history, and future, of WPT via radio waves, as well as safety, EMC and coexistence of radio waves for WPT. Technical topics discussed in the book include: - Radio Wave Generation - Radio Wave Amplification with Solid States Circuit and Microwave Tubes - Antenna and Beam Forming Technologies - Radio Wave Conversion/Rectification to Electricity - Battery-less Sensor Applications toward Internet of Things (IoT) - Solar Power Satellite Application - Safety, EMC, Coexistence of Radio Waves for the WPT WPT is an old technology based on the basic theory of radio waves, however WPT is also a state-of-the-art technology for the latest applications in IoT, sensor networks, wireless chargers for mobile phones, and solar power satellite. The theory behind these technologies, as well as applications, are explained in this book.

This book focuses on core functionalities for wireless real-time multi-hop networking with TDMA (time-division multiple access) and their integration into a flexible, versatile, fully operational, self-contained communication system. The use of wireless real-time communication technologies for the flexible networking of sensors, actuators, and controllers is a crucial building block for future production and control systems. WirelessHART and ISA 100.11a, two technologies that have been developed predominantly for industrial use, are currently available. However, a closer analysis of these approaches reveals certain deficits. Current research on wireless real-time communication systems shows potential to remove these limitations, resulting in flexible, versatile, and robust solutions that can be implemented on today's low-cost and resource-constrained hardware platforms. Unlike other books on wireless communication, this book presents protocols located on MAC layer and above, and build on the physical (PHY) layer of standard wireless communication technologies.

As systems continue to evolve they rely less on human decision-making and more on computational intelligence. This trend in conjunction with the available technologies for providing advanced sensing, measurement, process control, and communication lead towards the new field of the CyberPhysical System (CPS). CyberPhysical systems are expected to play a major role in the design and development of future engineering platforms with new capabilities that far exceed today's levels of autonomy, functionality and usability. Although these systems exhibit remarkable characteristics, their design and implementation is a challenging issue, as numerous (heterogeneous) components and services have to be appropriately modeled and simulated together. The problem of designing efficient CPS becomes far more challenging in case the target system has to meet also real-time constraints. CyberPhysical Systems: Decision Making Mechanisms and Applications describes essential theory, recent research and large-scale user cases that addresses urgent challenges in CPS architectures. In particular, it includes chapters on: * Decision making for large scale CPS * Modeling of CPS with emphasis at the control mechanisms * Hardware/software implementation of the control mechanisms * Fault-tolerant and reliability issues for the control mechanisms * CyberPhysical user-cases that incorporate challenging decision making

High Efficiency Video Coding and Other Emerging Standards provides an overview of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and all its extensions and profiles. There are nearly 300 projects and problems included, and about 400 references related to HEVC alone. Next generation video coding (NGVC) beyond HEVC is also described. Other video coding standards such as AVS2, DAALA, THOR, VP9 (Google), DIRAC, VC1, and AV1 are addressed, and image coding standards such as JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XS, JPEG XT and JPEG-Pleno are also listed. Understanding of these standards and their implementation is facilitated by overview papers, standards documents, reference software, software manuals, test sequences, source codes, tutorials, keynote speakers, panel discussions, reflector and ftp/web sites - all in the public domain. Access to these categories is also provided.

Since publication of the first edition of Sensor Array Signal Processing in 2000, the field it heralded has come of age. Sensor arrays helped usher in the age of wireless communication by meeting the increasing capacity requirements of ever growing wireless networks, but that is only one example of the number of uses served by this valuable technology across any number of fields. Extensively updated and expanded, Sensor Array Signal Processing, Second Edition covers a wide range of interrelated topics in array processing to provide an introduction to the field that one will not find in the literature. The book introduces new developments in the use of sensors in wireless networks and the use of distributed sensors for localization. It unravels layers of complexity to explore underlying basic principles of array signal processing, focusing on the common threads that exist in wavefield analysis, rather than on particular applications. Following an introduction to the basic equations governing different wavefields, the text provides updated coverage on current topics of interest. It analyzes various types of sensor configurations; focusing on those most useful for understanding array systems in practice - uniform linear and circular arrays. Fully updated with over 150 new pages, this new edition: Includes new chapters - emphasizing the use of sensor arrays in wireless communication and localization Adds new exercises and examples to the end of each chapter Provides information on emerging topics covering, distributed sensor array, multi-component sensors, space-time processing, azimuth/elevation estimation, wideband adaptive beamformation, and frequency invariant beamformation An invaluable tool for self-study, this book provides those working in or interested in medical imaging, astronomy, radar, communications, sonar, seismology or any field that studies propagating wavefields, with a highly accessible guide. It describes each concept in precise mathematical language complete with numerical examples, detailed illustrations, and practice exercises at the end of each chapter to reinforce concepts. As with the first edition, this volume also meets the needs of professors wishing to adopt the book for graduate-level courses in telecommunications and electrical engineering.

The desire for precise knowledge about the location of a moving object at any time instant has motivated a great deal of scientific research recently. This is owing to a steady expansion of the range of enabling devices and technologies, as well as the need for seamless solutions for location-based services. Besides localization accuracy, a common requirement for emerging solutions is that they are cost-abstemious, both in terms of the financial and computational cost. Hence, development of localization strategies from already deployed technologies, e.g., from different terrestrial radio frequency sources is of great practical interest. Amongst other, these include localization strategies based on received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival, angle of arrival (AoA) or a combination of them. RSS-AoA-based Target Localization and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks presents recent advances in developing algorithms for target localization and tracking, reflecting the state-of-the-art algorithms and research achievements in target localization and tracking based on hybrid (RSS-AoA) measurements. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Centralized RSS-AoA-based Target Localization Distributed RSS-AoA-based Target Localization RSS-AoA-based Target Tracking via Maximum A Posteriori Estimator RSS-AoA-based Target Tracking via Kalman Filter RSS-AoA-based via Sensor Navigation This book is of interest for personnel in telecommunications and surveillance industries, military, smart systems, as well as academic staff and postgraduate/research students in telecommunications, signal processing, and non-smooth and convex optimization.

The escalating demand for ubiquitous computing along with the complementary and flexible natures of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have sparked an increase in the integration of these two dynamic technologies. Although a variety of applications can be observed under development and in practical use, there has been a need for a resource that brings together timely coverage of RFIS, Sensor Networks, and their integration. Filling this need, RFID and Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Security, and Integrations is the authoritative reference on RFID and WSNs. Covering a broad range of topics that includes everything from the basics to insights into future directions, this cutting-edge book reviews architectures, protocols, standards, security, and applications. With sections devoted to each individual element, the text starts by covering the tags, readers, and middleware associated with RFID. Next, it provides insights into the routing, medium access control, and cross-layer optimization of WSNs. The third section focuses on the integration of RFID and WSN, addresses contemporary challenges, and illustrates concepts and applications with practical examples. This forward looking resource details the enhanced visibility and monitoring capabilities that are possible with RFID and WSNs and highlights contemporary applications including smart homes, surveillance systems, and personal health care. Providing a complete understanding of the essential fundamentals behind RFID and WSNs, this book will help you foster the skills needed to materialize the enhancements possible when these two promising technologies are used together.

An undeniably rich and thorough guide to satellite communication engineering, Satellite Communication Engineering, Second Edition presents the fundamentals of information communications systems in a simple and succinct way. This book considers both the engineering aspects of satellite systems as well as the practical issues in the broad field of information transmission. Implementing concepts developed on an intuitive, physical basis and utilizing a combination of applications and performance curves, this book starts off with a progressive foundation in satellite technology, and then moves on to more complex concepts with ease. What's New in the Second Edition: The second edition covers satellite and Earth station design; global positioning systems; antenna tracking; links and communications systems; error detection and correction; data security; regulations and procedures for system modeling; integration; testing; and reliability and performance evaluation. Provides readers with the systems building blocks of satellite transponders and Earth stations, as well as the systems engineering design procedure Includes the tools needed to calculate basic orbit characteristics such as period, dwell time, coverage area, propagation losses; antenna system features such as size, beamwidth, aperture-frequency product, gain, tracking control; and system requirements such as power, availability, reliability, and performance Presents problem sets and starred sections containing basic mathematical development Details recent developments enabling digital information transmission and delivery via satellite Satellite Communication Engineering, Second Edition serves as a textbook for students and a resource for space agencies and relevant industries.

Wireless video communications encompass a broad range of issues and opportunities that serve as the catalyst for technical innovations. To disseminate the most recent advances in this challenging yet exciting field, Advanced Video Communications over Wireless Networks provides an in-depth look at the fundamentals, recent technical achievements, challenges, and emerging trends in mobile and wireless video communications. The editors have carefully selected a panel of researchers with expertise in diverse aspects of wireless video communication to cover a wide spectrum of topics, including the underlying theoretical fundamentals associated with wireless video communications, the transmission schemes tailored to mobile and wireless networks, quality metrics, the architectures of practical systems, as well as some novel directions. They address future directions, including Quality-of-Experience in wireless video communications, video communications over future networks, and 3D video communications. The book presents a collection of tutorials, surveys, and original contributions, providing an up-to-date, accessible reference for further development of research and applications in mobile and wireless video communication systems. The range of coverage and depth of expertise make this book the go-to resource for facing current and future challenges in this field.

With the proliferation of mobile devices and hearing devices, including hearing aids and cochlear implants, there is a growing and pressing need to design algorithms that can improve speech intelligibility without sacrificing quality. Responding to this need, Speech Enhancement: Theory and Practice, Second Edition introduces readers to the basic problems of speech enhancement and the various algorithms proposed to solve these problems. Updated and expanded, this second edition of the bestselling textbook broadens its scope to include evaluation measures and enhancement algorithms aimed at improving speech intelligibility. Fundamentals, Algorithms, Evaluation, and Future Steps Organized into four parts, the book begins with a review of the fundamentals needed to understand and design better speech enhancement algorithms. The second part describes all the major enhancement algorithms and, because these require an estimate of the noise spectrum, also covers noise estimation algorithms. The third part of the book looks at the measures used to assess the performance, in terms of speech quality and intelligibility, of speech enhancement methods. It also evaluates and compares several of the algorithms. The fourth part presents binary mask algorithms for improving speech intelligibility under ideal conditions. In addition, it suggests steps that can be taken to realize the full potential of these algorithms under realistic conditions. What's New in This Edition Updates in every chapter A new chapter on objective speech intelligibility measures A new chapter on algorithms for improving speech intelligibility Real-world noise recordings (on downloadable resources) MATLAB (R) code for the implementation of intelligibility measures (on downloadable resources) MATLAB and C/C++ code for the implementation of algorithms to improve speech intelligibility (on downloadable resources) Valuable Insights from a Pioneer in Speech Enhancement Clear and concise, this book explores how human listeners compensate for acoustic noise in noisy environments. Written by a pioneer in speech enhancement and noise reduction in cochlear implants, it is an essential resource for anyone who wants to implement or incorporate the latest speech enhancement algorithms to improve the quality and intelligibility of speech degraded by noise. Includes downloadable resources with Code and Recordings The downloadable resources provide MATLAB implementations of representative speech enhancement algorithms as well as speech and noise databases for the evaluation of enhancement algorithms.

The collaborative nature of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) brings several advantages over traditional wired industrial monitoring and control systems, including self-organization, rapid deployment, flexibility, and inherent intelligent processing. In this regard, IWSNs play a vital role in creating more reliable, efficient, and productive industrial systems, thus improving companies' competitiveness in the marketplace. Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications, Protocols, and Standards examines the current state of the art in industrial wireless sensor networks and outlines future directions for research. What Are the Main Challenges in Developing IWSN Systems? Featuring contributions by researchers around the world, this book explores the software and hardware platforms, protocols, and standards that are needed to address the unique challenges posed by IWSN systems. It offers an in-depth review of emerging and already deployed IWSN applications and technologies, and outlines technical issues and design objectives. In particular, the book covers radio technologies, energy harvesting techniques, and network and resource management. It also discusses issues critical to industrial applications, such as latency, fault tolerance, synchronization, real-time constraints, network security, and cross-layer design. A chapter on standards highlights the need for specific wireless communication standards for industrial applications. A Starting Point for Further Research Delving into wireless sensor networks from an industrial perspective, this comprehensive work provides readers with a better understanding of the potential advantages and research challenges of IWSN applications. A contemporary reference for anyone working at the cutting edge of industrial automation, communication systems, and networks, it will inspire further exploration in this promising research area.

Advanced concepts for wireless communications offer a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible, but present whenever required. Although the use of deep submicron CMOS processes allows for an unprecedented degree of scaling in digital circuitry, it complicates the implementation and integration of traditional RF circuits. The requirement for long operating life under limited energy supply also poses severe design constraints, particularly in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. These challenges call for innovative design solutions at the circuit and system levels. Low Power Emerging Wireless Technologies addresses the crucial scientific and technological challenges for the realization of fully integrated, highly efficient, and cost-effective solutions for emerging wireless applications. Get Insights from the Experts on Wireless Circuit Design The book features contributions by top international experts in wireless circuit design representing both industry and academia. They explore the state of the art in wireless communication for 3G and 4G cellular networks, millimeter-wave applications, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical technologies. The emphasis is on low-power wireless applications, RF building blocks for wireless applications, and short-distance and beam steering. Topics covered include new opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. Exploit the Potential behind Emerging Green Wireless Technologies A must for anyone serious about future wireless technologies, this multidisciplinary book discusses the challenges of emerging power-efficient applications. Written for practicing engineers in the wireless communication field who have some experience in integrated circuits, it is also a valuable resource for graduate students.

A cognitive network makes use of the information gathered from the network in order to sense the environment, plan actions according to the input, and make appropriate decisions using a reasoning engine. The ability of cognitive networks to learn from the past and use that knowledge to improve future decisions makes them a key area of interest for anyone whose work involves wireless networks and communications. Cognitive Networks: Applications and Deployments examines recent developments in cognitive networks from the perspective of cutting-edge applications and deployments. Presenting the contributions of internationally renowned experts, it supplies complete and balanced treatment of the fundamentals of both cognitive radio communications and cognitive networks-together with implementation details. The book includes case studies and detailed descriptions of cognitive radio platforms and testbeds that demonstrate how to build real-world cognitive radio systems and network architectures. It begins with an introduction to efficient spectrum management and presents a survey on joint routing and dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. Next, it examines radio spectrum sensing and network coding and design. It explores intelligent routing in graded cognitive networks and presents an energy-efficient routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. The book concludes by considering dynamic radio spectrum access and examining vehicular cognitive networks and applications. Presenting the latest standards and spectrum policy developments, the book's strong practical orientation provides you with the understanding you will need to participate in the development of compliant cognitive systems.

Master the fundamentals of digital communications systems with this accessible and hands-on introductory textbook, carefully interweaving theory and practice. The just-in-time approach introduces essential background as needed, keeping academic theory firmly linked to practical applications. The example-led teaching frames key concepts in the context of real-world systems, such as 5G, WiFi, and GPS. Stark provides foundational material on the trade-offs between energy and bandwidth efficiency, giving students a solid grounding in the fundamental challenges of designing digital communications systems. Features include over 300 illustrative figures, 80 examples, and 130 end-of-chapter problems to reinforce student understanding, with solutions for instructors. Accompanied online by lecture slides, computational MATLAB® and Python resources, and supporting data sets, this is the ideal introduction to digital communications for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering.

This new volume provides an informative collection of chapters on ICT and data analytics in education, helping to lead the digital revolution in higher education. The chapters emphasize skill development through ICT, artificial intelligence in education, policies for integrating ICT in higher education, and more. The book focuses mainly on technological advancements in ICT in education, the perceived role of ICT in the teaching-learning transaction, pedagogy for teaching-learning in the 21st century, student-centered learning based on ICT, learning analytics, online technologies learning, tools for technology enhanced learning, distance education and learning, the effective use of ICT in management education, experiences in ICT for technology-enhanced learning, influence of ICT in research development in higher education, role of teachers in direct classroom teaching in web-based education system, and role of ICT in innovation capacity building. The case studies help to illustrate the ideas and concepts discussed in the chapters.