This book addresses the fundamental design and technical challenges for fifth generation (5G) wireless channel models, including multi-frequency bands and multi-scenarios. The book presents a strong vision for 5G wireless communication networks based on current market trends, proven technologies, and future directions. The book helps enable researchers and industry professionals to come up with novel ideas in the area of wireless heterogeneity, to minimize traffic accidents, to improve traffic efficiency, and to foster the development of new applications such as mobile infotainment. The book acts as a comprehensive reference for students, instructors, researchers, engineers, and other professionals, building their understanding of 5G and in designing 5G systems. Addresses fundamental design and technical challenges for 5G wireless channel models; Presents how to create reliable statistical channel models to capture the propagation properties between transmitters and receivers; Pertinent to researchers, engineers, and professionals in 5G.

This book offers students, scientists, and engineers an extensive introduction to the theoretical fundamentals of digital communications, covering single-input single-output (SISO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and time-variant systems. Further, the main content is supplemented by a wealth of representative examples and computer simulations. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which addresses the principles of wire-line and wireless digital transmission over SISO links. Digital modulation, intersymbol interference, and various detection methods are discussed; models for realistic time-variant, wireless channels are introduced; and the equivalent time-variant baseband system model is derived. This book covers two new topics such as blockwise signal transmission and multicarrier modulation with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Since not all readers may be familiar with this topic, Part II is devoted to the theory of linear time-variant systems. The generalized convolution is derived, and readers are introduced to impulse response, the delay spread function, and system functions in the frequency domain. In addition, randomly changing systems are discussed. Several new examples and graphs have been added to this book. In turn, Part III deals with MIMO systems. It describes MIMO channel models with and without spatial correlation, including the Kronecker model. Both linear and nonlinear MIMO receivers are investigated. The question of how many bits per channel use can be transmitted is answered, and maximizing channel capacity is addressed. Principles of space-time coding are outlined in order to improve transmission quality and increase data rates. In closing, the book describes multi-user MIMO schemes, which reduce interference when multiple users in the same area transmit their signals in the same time slots and frequency bands.

Energy efficiency issues for green internet of things (IoT) are investigated in this book, from the perspectives of device-to-device (D2D) communications, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, and air-ground networks. Specifically, critical green IoT techniques from D2D communications in the cellular network to M2M communications in industrial IoT (IIoT), (from single physical-layer optimization to cross-layer optimization, and from single-layer ground networks to stereoscopic air-ground networks) are discussed in both theoretical problem formulation and simulation result analysis in this book. Internet of Things (IoT) offers a platform that enables sensors and devices to connect seamlessly in an intelligent environment, thus providing intelligence services including monitoring systems, industrial automation, and ultimately smart cities. However, the huge potentials of IoT are constrained by high energy consumption, limited battery capacity, and the slow progress of battery technology. The high energy consumption of IoT device causes communication interruption, information loss, and short network lifetime. Moreover, once deployed, the batteries inside IoT devices cannot be replaced in time. Therefore, energy efficient resource allocation is urgent to be investigated to improve the energy efficiency of IoT, facilitate green IoT, and extend the network lifetime. This book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art key technologies, frameworks, related optimization algorithms, and corresponding integrated designs on green IoT. It also presents an easy-to-understand style in a professional manner, making the book suitable for a wider range of readers from students to professionals interested in the green IoT.

Optical Wireless Communications for Broadband Global Internet Connectivity: Fundamental and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive overview for readers who require information about the fundamental science behind optical wireless communications, as well as up-to-date advanced knowledge of the state-of-the-art technologies available today. The book is a useful resource for scientists, researchers, engineers and students interested in understanding optical, wireless communication systems for global channels. Readers will find beneficial knowledge on how related technologies of optical wireless communications can be integrated into achieving worldwide Internet connectivity.

5G NR: Architecture, Technology, Implementation, and Operation of 3GPP New Radio Standards is an in-depth, systematic, technical reference on 3GPP's New Radio standards (Release 15 and beyond), covering the underlying theory, functional descriptions, practical considerations, and implementation of the 5G new radio access technology. The book describes the design and operation of individual components and shows how they are integrated into the overall system and operate from a system's perspective. Uniquely, this book gives detailed information on RAN protocol layers, transports, network architectures, and services, as well as practical implementation and deployment issues, making it suitable for researchers and engineers who are designing and developing 5G systems. Reflecting on the author's 30 plus years of experience in signal processing, microelectronics, and wireless communication system design, this book is ideal for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students who are working and researching in cellular communication systems and protocols as well as mobile broadband wireless standards.

Large MIMO systems, with tens to hundreds of antennas, are a promising emerging communication technology. This book provides a unique overview of this technology, covering the opportunities, engineering challenges, solutions, and state-of-the-art of large MIMO test beds. There is in-depth coverage of algorithms for large MIMO signal processing, based on meta-heuristics, belief propagation and Monte Carlo sampling techniques, and suited for large MIMO signal detection, precoding, and LDPC code designs. The book also covers the training requirement and channel estimation approaches in large-scale point-to-point and multi-user MIMO systems; spatial modulation is also included. Issues like pilot contamination and base station cooperation in multi-cell operation are addressed. A detailed exposition of MIMO channel models, large MIMO channel sounding measurements in the past and present, and large MIMO test beds is also presented. An ideal resource for academic researchers, next generation wireless system designers and developers, and practitioners in wireless communications.

5G Physical Layer: Principles, Models and Technology Components explains fundamental physical layer design principles, models and components for the 5G new radio access technology - 5G New Radio (NR). The physical layer models include radio wave propagation and hardware impairments for the full range of frequencies considered for the 5G NR (up to 100 GHz). The physical layer technologies include flexible multi-carrier waveforms, advanced multi-antenna solutions, and channel coding schemes for a wide range of services, deployments, and frequencies envisioned for 5G and beyond. A MATLAB-based link level simulator is included to explore various design options. 5G Physical Layer is very suitable for wireless system designers and researchers: basic understanding of communication theory and signal processing is assumed, but familiarity with 4G and 5G standards is not required. With this book the reader will learn: The fundamentals of the 5G NR physical layer (waveform, modulation, numerology, channel codes, and multi-antenna schemes). Why certain PHY technologies have been adopted for the 5G NR. The fundamental physical limitations imposed by radio wave propagation and hardware impairments. How the fundamental 5G NR physical layer functionalities (e.g., parameters/methods/schemes) should be realized. The content includes: A global view of 5G development - concept, standardization, spectrum allocation, use cases and requirements, trials, and future commercial deployments. The fundamentals behind the 5G NR physical layer specification in 3GPP. Radio wave propagation and channel modeling for 5G and beyond. Modeling of hardware impairments for future base stations and devices. Flexible multi-carrier waveforms, multi-antenna solutions, and channel coding schemes for 5G and beyond. A simulator including hardware impairments, radio propagation, and various waveforms. Ali Zaidi is a strategic product manager at Ericsson, Sweden. Fredrik Athley is a senior researcher at Ericsson, Sweden. Jonas Medbo and Ulf Gustavsson are senior specialists at Ericsson, Sweden. Xiaoming Chen is a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, China. Giuseppe Durisi is a professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and a guest researcher at Ericsson, Sweden.

Over the past decade the tremendous development of Wireless Communications has changed human life incredibly. Considerable advancement has been made in the design and architecture of communications related RF and Microwave circuits. This book is focused on special circuits dedicated to the RF level of wireless Communications. From Oscillators to Modulation and Demodulation and from Mixers to RF and Power Amplifier Circuits, the topics are presented in a sequential manner. A wealth of analysis is provided in the text alongside various worked out examples. Related problem sets are given at the end of each chapter. Basic concepts of RF Analog Circuit Design are developed in the book. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Wireless Communication System; RF Oscillators and Phase Locked Loops; Modulator and Demodulator Circuits; RF Mixers; Automatic Gain Control and Limiters; Microwave Circuits, Transmission Lines and S-Parameters; Matching networks Linear Amplifier Design and Power Amplifiers Linearization Techniques

From typical metrology parameters for common wireless and microwave components to the implementation of measurement benches, this introduction to metrology contains all the key information on the subject. Using it, readers will be able to: * Interpret and measure most of the parameters described in a microwave component's datasheet * Understand the practical limitations and theoretical principles of instrument operation * Combine several instruments into measurement benches for measuring microwave and wireless quantities. Several practical examples are included, demonstrating how to measure intermodulation distortion, error vector magnitude, S-parameters and large signal waveforms. Each chapter then ends with a set of exercises, allowing readers to test their understanding of the material covered and making the book equally suited for course use and for self-study.

This book covers connectivity and edge computing solutions for representative Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, including industrial IoT, rural IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and mobile virtual reality (VR). Based on their unique characteristics and requirements, customized solutions are designed with targets such as supporting massive connections or seamless mobility and achieving low latency or high energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the book highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in future IoT networks and showcases AI-based connectivity and edge computing solutions. The solutions presented in this book serve the overall purpose of facilitating an increasingly connected and intelligent world. The potential benefits of the solutions include increased productivity in factories, improved connectivity in rural areas, enhanced safety for vehicles, and enriched entertainment experiences for mobile users. Featuring state-of-the-art research in the IoT field, this book can help answer the question of how to connect billions of diverse devices and enable seamless data collection and processing in future IoT. The content also provides insights regarding the significance of customizing use case-specific solutions as well as approaches of using various AI methods to empower IoT. This book targets researchers and graduate students working in the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering, and computer science as a secondary textbook or reference. Professionals in industry who work in the field of IoT will also find this book useful.

Wi-Fi has become the preferred means for connecting to the internet - at home, in the office, in hotels and at airports. Increasingly, Wi-Fi also provides internet access for remote communities where it is deployed by volunteers in community-based networks, by operators in 'hotspots' and by municipalities in 'hotzones'. This book traces the global success of Wi-Fi to the landmark change in radio spectrum policy by the US FCC in 1985, the initiative by NCR Corporation to start development of Wireless-LANs and the drive for an open standard IEEE 802.11, released in 1997. It also singles out and explains the significance of the initiative by Steve Jobs at Apple to include Wireless-LAN in the iBook, which moved the product from the early adopters to the mass market. The book explains these developments through first-hand accounts by industry practitioners and concludes with reflections and implications for government policy and firm strategy.

This book focuses on picturing B-IoT techniques from a few perspectives, which are architecture, key technologies, security and privacy, service models and framework, practical use cases and more. Main contents of this book derive from most updated technical achievements or breakthroughs in the field. A number of representative IoT service offerings will be covered by this book, such as vehicular networks, document sharing system, and telehealth. Both theoretical and practical contents will be involved in this book in order to assist readers to have a comprehensive and deep understanding the mechanism of using blockchain for powering up IoT systems. The blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (B-IoT) is deemed to be a novel technical alternative that provides network-based services with additional functionalities, benefits, and implementations in terms of decentralization, immutability, and auditability. Towards the enhanced secure and privacy-preserving Internet of Things (IoT), this book introduces a few significant aspects of B-IoT, which includes fundamental knowledge of both blockchain and IoT, state-of-the-art reviews of B-IoT applications, crucial components in the B-IoT system and the model design, and future development potentials and trends. IoT technologies and services, e.g. cloud data storage technologies and vehicular services, play important roles in wireless technology developments. On the other side, blockchain technologies are being adopted in a variety of academic societies and professional realms due to its promising characteristics. It is observable that the research and development on integrating these two technologies will provide critical thinking and solid references for contemporary and future network-relevant solutions. This book targets researchers and advanced level students in computer science, who are focused on cryptography, cloud computing and internet of things, as well as electrical engineering students and researchers focused on vehicular networks and more. Professionals working in these fields will also find this book to be a valuable resource.

Widely regarded as one of the most promising emerging technologies for driving the future development of wireless communications, cognitive radio has the potential to mitigate the problem of increasing radio spectrum scarcity through dynamic spectrum allocation. Drawing on fundamental elements of information theory, network theory, propagation, optimisation and signal processing, a team of leading experts present a systematic treatment of the core physical and networking principles of cognitive radio and explore key design considerations for the development of new cognitive radio systems. Containing all the underlying principles you need to develop practical applications in cognitive radio, this book is an essential reference for students, researchers and practitioners alike in the field of wireless communications and signal processing.

The sixth generation of wireless communication (6G), succeeding 5G cellular technology, opens up several possibilities in terms of technology and its offered services. 6G is expected to allow usage of available higher frequency spectrums to cater to increased capacity, throughput, and low latency (<1 µs). 6G will witness the unification of various technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), etc., to provide an immersive user experience. It is foreseen as the accelerator of transformation and innovation globally. To make this book a fundamental resource, we have invited world-renowned experts in 6G from the industry and academia to pen down their ideas on different aspects of 6G research. The chapters in this book cover a broader scope and various related and unrelated verticals. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: 6G use cases, requirements, and enabling technologies new spectrums and their challenges for 6G privacy preservation in 6G networks aerial infrastructure for 6G networks economic challenges associated with 6G wireless networks. The encompassing intent of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface, and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks.

The book investigates various MPPT algorithms, and the optimization of solar energy using machine learning and deep learning. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in diverse engineering domains including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and environmental. This book: Discusses data acquisition by the internet of things for real-time monitoring of solar cells. Covers artificial neural network techniques, solar collector optimization, and artificial neural network applications in solar heaters, and solar stills. Details solar analytics, smart centralized control centers, integration of microgrids, and data mining on solar data. Highlights the concept of asset performance improvement, effective forecasting for energy production, and Low-power wide-area network applications. Elaborates solar cell design principles, the equivalent circuits of single and two diode models, measuring idealist factors, and importance of series and shunt resistances. The text elaborates solar cell design principles, the equivalent circuit of single diode model, the equivalent circuit of two diode model, measuring idealist factor, and importance of series and shunt resistances. It further discusses perturb and observe technique, modified P&O method, incremental conductance method, sliding control method, genetic algorithms, and neuro-fuzzy methodologies. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in diverse engineering domains including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and environmental.

This book cover wireless communication, security issues, advanced wireless sensor networks, routing protocols of WSNs with cross-layer solutions, emerging trends in the advanced WSNs, power management, distributed sensing and data gathering techniques for WSNs, WSNs Security, applications, research of advanced WSNs with simulation results, and simulation tools for WSNs. Features: Covers technologies supporting advanced wireless communication system, sensor networks and the conceptual development of the subject. Discusses advanced data gathering and sharing/ distributed sensing techniques with its business applicability. Includes numerous worked-out mathematical equations/formulas, and essential principles including figures, illustrations, algorithms, and flow charts are included in the book. Provides pervasive background knowledge including both wireless communications and wireless sensor networks Covers wireless networks as well as sensor network models in detailed. This is aimed at graduate students, researchers and academicians working in the field of computer science, wireless communication technology, and advanced wireless sensor networks.

The book covers a variety of topics in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and their impact on innovation and business. The authors discuss various innovations, business and industrial motivations, and impact on humans and the interplay between those factors in terms of finance, demand, and competition. Topics discussed include the convergence of Machine to Machine (M2M), Internet of Things (IoT), Social, and Big Data. They also discuss AI and its integration into technologies from machine learning, predictive analytics, security software, to intelligent agents, and many more. Contributions come from academics and professionals around the world. Covers the most recent practices in ICT related topics pertaining to technological growth, innovation, and business; Presents a survey on the most recent technological areas revolutionizing how humans communicate and interact; Features four sections: IoT, Wireless Ad Hoc & Sensor Networks, Fog Computing, and Big Data Analytics.

Traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) capture scalar data such as temperature, vibration, pressure, or humidity. Motivated by the success of WSNs and also with the emergence of new technology in the form of low-cost image sensors, researchers have proposed combining image and audio sensors with WSNs to form wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). This introduces practical and research challenges, because multimedia sensors, particularly image sensors, generate huge amounts of data to be processed and distributed within the network, while sensor nodes have restricted battery power and hardware resources. This book describes how reconfigurable hardware technologies such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer cost-effective, flexible platforms for implementing WMSNs, with a main focus on developing efficient algorithms and architectures for information reduction, including event detection, event compression, and multicamera processing for hardware implementations. The authors include a comprehensive review of wireless multimedia sensor networks, a complete specification of a very low-complexity, low-memory FPGA WMSN node processor, and several case studies that illustrate information reduction algorithms for visual event compression, detection, and fusion. The book will be of interest to academic researchers, R&D engineers, and computer science and engineering graduate students engaged with signal and video processing, computer vision, embedded systems, and sensor networks.

This handbook provides a glimpse of the research that is underway in smart cities, with an examination of the relevant issues. It describes software infrastructures for smart cities, the role of 5G and Internet of things in future smart cities scenarios, the use of clouds and sensor-based devices for monitoring and managing smart city facilities, a variety of issues in the emerging field of urban informatics, and various smart city applications. Handbook of Smart Cities includes fifteen chapters from renowned worldwide researchers working on various aspects of smart city scale cyber-physical systems. It is intended for researchers, developers of smart city technologies and advanced-level students in the fields of communication systems, computer science, and data science. This handbook is also designed for anyone wishing to find out more about the on-going research thrusts and deployment experiences in smart cities. It is meant to provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art at the time of its writing in several software services and cyber infrastructures as pertinent to smart cities. This handbook presents application case studies in video surveillance, smart parking, and smart building management in the smart city context. Unique experiences in designing and implementing the applications or the issues involved in developing smart city level applications are described in these chapters. Integration of machine learning into several smart city application scenarios is also examined in some chapters of this handbook.

The book systematically introduces the design theory and method of multi-band RF filtering circuits for the modern wireless communication systems or radar systems, which are required to operate at multi-bands. These multi-band filtering RF circuits have drawn more and more attention from the engineers and scientists in the field of RF circuits design. The book proposes the detailed theoretical analysis and abundant experimental data of multi-mode resonators, multi-band bandpass filter with high selectivity, reflectionless multi-band bandpass filter, balanced filter with high suppression, slotline based multi-band balun filter, switchable filtering diplexer based on reused L-shape resonator and miniaturized 55-/95-GHz on-chip dual-band bandpass Filter. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in filtering circuits design, researchers who are investigating RF & microwave systems, as well as design engineers who are working in the RF & microwave circuits field. Readers can get an in-depth understanding about the multi-band RF filtering circuits design theory and method.

Essential for getting to grips with the Weightless standard for M2M communications, this definitive guide describes and explains the new standard in an accessible manner. It helps you to understand the Weightless standard by revealing its background and rationale. Designed to make clear the context and the fundamental design decisions for Weightless and to provide a readable overview of the standard, it details principal features and issues of the technology, the business case for deployment, network performance and some important applications. This informative book guides you through the key decisions and requirements involved in designing and deploying a Weightless network. Includes a chapter on applications, explaining the relevance of the standard and its potential. Written by one of the lead designers of Weightless, this is an ideal guide for everyone involved with the standard, from those designing equipment to those making use of the technology.

This book focuses on cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), currently the most promising wireless communication technology for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) and Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) communications. Because of its low latency and high reliability, C-V2X has become an essential enabling technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and autonomous driving. This book begins by introducing readers to the research background and status quo of global development. Then, after analyzing the performance requirements of various V2X applications, the system architecture and technical standards are presented. The two evolving stages of C-V2X, i.e., LTE-V2X and NR-V2X, are introduced in detail. In addition, related technologies such as mobile edge computing, network slicing and high-precision positioning, C-V2X security, C-V2X spectrum requirements and planning, and industrial development and applications are introduced. In closing, the book discusses future applications of and technical challenges for C-V2X. This book is the first monograph dedicated to C-V2X, offering experts, researchers and engineers from the areas of IT/CT, intelligent transportation, intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs) an in-depth understanding of C-V2X technology and standards, while also outlining related interdisciplinary research. The book can also be used as a reference resource for both undergraduate and graduate studies.

The evolution of broadband access networks toward bimodal fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks, described in this book, may be viewed as the endgame of broadband access. After discussing the economic impact of broadband access and current worldwide deployment statistics, all the major legacy wireline and wireless broadband access technologies are reviewed. State-of-the-art GPON and EPON fiber access networks are described, including their migration to next-generation systems such as OCDMA and OFDMA PONs. The latest developments of wireless access networks are covered, including VHT WLAN, Gigabit WiMAX, LTE and WMN. The advantages of FiWi access networks are demonstrated by applying powerful network coding, heterogeneous optical and wireless protection, hierarchical frame aggregation, hybrid routing and QoS continuity techniques across the optical-wireless interface. The book is an essential reference for anyone working on optical fiber access networks, wireless access networks or converged FiWi systems.