"MEMS-based Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications "provides comprehensive coverage of RF-MEMS technology from device to system level. This edited volume places emphasis on how system performance for radio frequency applications can be leveraged by Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Coverage also extends to innovative MEMS-aware radio architectures that push the potential of MEMS technology further ahead.

This work presents a broad overview of the technology from MEMS devices (mainly BAW and Si MEMS resonators) to basic circuits, such as oscillators and filters, and finally complete systems such as ultra-low-power MEMS-based radios. Contributions from leading experts around the world are organized in three parts. Part I introduces RF-MEMS technology, devices and modeling and includes a prospective outlook on ongoing developments towards Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS) and phononic crystals. Device properties and models are presented in a circuit oriented perspective. Part II focusses on design of electronic circuits incorporating MEMS. Circuit design techniques specific to MEMS resonators are applied to oscillators and active filters. In Part III contributors discuss how MEMS can advantageously be used in radios to increase their miniaturization and reduce their power consumption. RF systems built around MEMS components such as MEMS-based frequency synthesis including all-digital PLLs, ultra-low power MEMS-based communication systems and a MEMS-based automotive wireless sensor node are described."

This book introduces the fundamentals of DCS, and shows how to include wireless technology in their design while guaranteeing the desired operation characteristics. The text also presents insights and results gained from extensive practical experience in implementing and testing systems within a specific industrial setting. Features: examines the operations that the DCS implements, covering human-machine interfaces, diagnostics and maintenance interfaces, and controllers; discusses industrial control system and wireless network protocols; reviews scheduling in wireless sensor networks; describes a latency model for heterogeneous DCS with wired and wireless parts, that predicts monitoring, command, and closed loop latencies; explains how to plan operation timings systematically; introduces measures and metrics for performance monitoring and debugging, and describes how to add these to a system; presents experimental results to validate the planning approach, based on an application test-bed.

This book discusses current theory regarding global mobile satellite communications (GMSC) for maritime, land (road and rail), and aeronautical applications. It covers how these can enable connections between moving objects such as ships, road and rail vehicles and aircrafts on one hand, and on the other ground telecommunications subscribers through the medium of communications satellites, ground earth stations, Terrestrial Telecommunication Networks (TTN), Internet Service Providers (ISP) and other wireless and landline telecommunications providers. This new edition covers new developments and initiatives that have resulted in land and aeronautical applications and the introduction of new satellite constellations in non-geostationary orbits and projects of new hybrid satellite constellations. The book presents current GMSC trends, mobile system concepts and network architecture using a simple mode of style with understandable technical information, characteristics, graphics, illustrations and mathematics equations. The first edition of Global Mobile Satellite Communications (Springer, 2005) was split into two books for the second edition-one on applications and one on theory. This book presents global mobile satellite communications theory.

This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth study on efficient beamforming design and rigorous performance analysis in mmWave networks, covering beam alignment, beamforming training and beamforming-aided caching. Due to significant beam alignment latency between the transmitter and the receiver in existing mmWave systems, this book proposes a machine learning based beam alignment algorithm for mmWave networks to determine the optimal beam pair with a low latency. Then, to analyze and enhance the performance of beamforming training (BFT) protocol in 802.11ad mmWave networks, an analytical model is presented to evaluate the performance of BFT protocol and an enhancement scheme is proposed to improve its performance in high user density scenarios. Furthermore, it investigates the beamforming-aided caching problem in mmWave networks, and proposes a device-to-device assisted cooperative edge caching to alleviate backhaul congestion and reduce content retrieval delay. This book concludes with future research directions in the related fields of study. The presented beamforming designs and the corresponding research results covered in this book, provides valuable insights for practical mmWave network deployment and motivate new ideas for future mmWave networking. This book targets researchers working in the fields of mmWave networks, beamforming design, and resource management as well as graduate students studying the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering and computer science. Professionals in industry who work in this field will find this book useful as a reference.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can increase the spectral efficiency in wireless communications. However, the interference becomes the major drawback that leads to high computational complexity at both transmitter and receiver. In particular, the complexity of MIMO receivers can be prohibitively high. As an efficient mathematical tool to devise low complexity approaches that mitigate the interference in MIMO systems, lattice reduction (LR) has been widely studied and employed over the last decade. The co-authors of this book are world's leading experts on MIMO receivers, and here they share the key findings of their research over years. They detail a range of key techniques for receiver design as multiple transmitted and received signals are available. The authors first introduce the principle of signal detection and the LR in mathematical aspects. They then move on to discuss the use of LR in low complexity MIMO receiver design with respect to different aspects, including uncoded MIMO detection, MIMO iterative receivers, receivers in multiuser scenarios, and multicell MIMO systems.

This book discusses uncertain threats, which are caused by unknown attacks based on unknown vulnerabilities or backdoors in the information system or control devices and software/hardware. Generalized robustness control architecture and the mimic defense mechanisms are presented in this book, which could change "the easy-to-attack and difficult-to-defend game" in cyberspace. The endogenous uncertain effects from the targets of the software/hardware based on this architecture can produce magic "mimic defense fog", and suppress in a normalized mode random disturbances caused by physical or logic elements, as well as effects of non-probability disturbances brought by uncertain security threats. Although progress has been made in the current security defense theories in cyberspace and various types of security technologies have come into being, the effectiveness of such theories and technologies often depends on the scale of the prior knowledge of the attackers, on the part of the defender and on the acquired real-timing and accuracy regarding the attackers' behavior features and other information. Hence, there lacks an efficient active defense means to deal with uncertain security threats from the unknown. Even if the bottom-line defense technologies such as encrypted verification are adopted, the security of hardware/software products cannot be quantitatively designed, verified or measured. Due to the "loose coupling" relationship and border defense modes between the defender and the protected target, there exist insurmountable theoretical and technological challenges in the protection of the defender and the target against the utilization of internal vulnerabilities or backdoors, as well as in dealing with attack scenarios based on backdoor-activated collaboration from both inside and outside, no matter how augmented or accumulated protective measures are adopted. Therefore, it is urgent to jump out of the stereotyped thinking based on conventional defense theories and technologies, find new theories and methods to effectively reduce the utilization of vulnerabilities and backdoors of the targets without relying on the priori knowledge and feature information, and to develop new technological means to offset uncertain threats based on unknown vulnerabilities and backdoors from an innovative perspective. This book provides a solution both in theory and engineering implementation to the difficult problem of how to avoid the uncontrollability of product security caused by globalized marketing, COTS and non-trustworthy software/hardware sources. It has been proved that this revolutionary enabling technology has endowed software/hardware products in IT/ICT/CPS with endogenous security functions and has overturned the attack theories and methods based on hardware/software design defects or resident malicious codes. This book is designed for educators, theoretical and technological researchers in cyber security and autonomous control and for business technicians who are engaged in the research on developing a new generation of software/hardware products by using endogenous security enabling technologies and for other product users. Postgraduates in IT/ICT/CPS/ICS will discover that (as long as the law of "structure determines the nature and architecture determines the security is properly used), the problem of software/hardware design defects or malicious code embedding will become the swelling of Achilles in the process of informationization and will no longer haunt Pandora's box in cyberspace. Security and opening-up, advanced progressiveness and controllability seem to be contradictory, but there can be theoretically and technologically unified solutions to the problem.

This book focuses on how to apply network coding at different layers in wireless networks - including MAC, routing, and TCP - with special focus on cognitive radio networks. It discusses how to select parameters in network coding (e.g., coding field, number of packets involved, redundant information ration) in order to be suitable for the varying wireless environments. The author explores how to deploy network coding in MAC to improve network performance and examine joint network coding with opportunistic routing to improve the successful rate of routing. In regards to TCP and network coding, the author considers transport layer protocol working with network coding to overcome the transmission error rate, particularly with how to use the ACK feedback of TCP to enhance the efficiency of network coding. The book pertains to researchers and postgraduate students, especially whose interests are in opportunistic routing and TCP in cognitive radio networks.

A comprehensive summary of theoretical and practical developments in LTE Heterogeneous Networks The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of mobile broadband data and the trend is likely to increase in the coming years. Current cellular networks are ill equipped to deal with this surge in demand. To satisfy user demand and maximize profits, a new paradigm to operate networks is needed. Heterogeneous networks, that deploy an overlay of small cells with limited coverage and transmit power, over a macro coverage area is the solution by providing capacity and coverage where it is needed. This book presents a comprehensive overview of small cell based heterogeneous networks within the framework of 3GPP LTE-Advanced which is the major enabler of current and future heterogeneous networks. The book first establishes the basics of LTE standards 8 -10. Wherever relevant, the underlying theory of wireless communications is explained and the signaling and protocol aspects of LTE Releases 8-10 are presented. Next the book presents a systematic study of the inter cell interference (eICIC and FeICIC) mechanisms that have been standardized in LTE releases 10 and 11 to mitigate the interference arising in heterogeneous networks. From simple blank subframe design and implementation, the book discusses more advanced transceiver signal processing and carrier aggregation (CA) based mechanisms to improve performance. Besides data, control channel enhancements such as enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) are also discussed. Subsequently the book discusses the possibility of base stations being allowed to coordinate to manage interference. This technique, called CoMP, has the potential of vastly improving network performance. However several practical challenges first have to be overcome before this potential can be realized. The book presents the different CoMP categories introduced in LTE release 11, the required signal processing and the changes that were introduced in Release-11 for supporting CoMP. The book then presents the state of the art developments in heterogeneous networks that are currently taking place in 3GPP with the initiation of Release 12. A whole array of new technologies have been introduced such as dynamic switching of small cells, new carrier types with reduced control signaling, dynamic reconfiguration of TDD-LTE, joint configuration of TDD and FDD via carrier aggregation and lastly advanced MIMO signal processing with three dimensional beamforming. All these technologies will work in unison leading to efficient operations of small cells. The authors thus comprehensively summarize the advances in heterogeneous networks over the last couple of years as reflected in various LTE releases and then look ahead at what to expect in the future. Fully illustrated throughout and with an accompanying website including Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities. The authors, being involved in LTE standardization, are well placed to give an excellent view on this topic, including valuable background and design rationale. * A comprehensive summary of wireless communications theory and practical developments in LTE heterogeneous networks. * Authors are experts in this field and are active members in standardization proceedings, enabling up-to-date coverage of current developments * Multiple case studies explain network design optimization of various heterogeneous network deployments. * Accompanying website includes Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities Essential reading for Engineers and practitioners in wireless industry.

This book discusses the smooth integration of optical and RF networks in 5G and beyond (5G+) heterogeneous networks (HetNets), covering both planning and operational aspects. The integration of high-frequency air interfaces into 5G+ wireless networks can relieve the congested radio frequency (RF) bands. Visible light communication (VLC) is now emerging as a promising candidate for future generations of HetNets. Heterogeneous RF-optical networks combine the high throughput of visible light and the high reliability of RF. However, when implementing these HetNets in mobile scenarios, several challenges arise from both planning and operational perspectives. Since the mmWave, terahertz, and visible light bands share similar wave propagation characteristics, the concepts presented here can be broadly applied in all such bands. To facilitate the planning of RF-optical HetNets, the authors present an algorithm that specifies the joint optimal densities of the base stations by drawing on stochastic geometry in order to satisfy the users' quality-of-service (QoS) demands with minimum network power consumption. From an operational perspective, the book explores vertical handovers and multi-homing using a cooperative framework. For vertical handovers, it employs a data-driven approach based on deep neural networks to predict abrupt optical outages; and, on the basis of this prediction, proposes a reinforcement learning strategy that ensures minimal network latency during handovers. In terms of multi-homing support, the authors examine the aggregation of the resources from both optical and RF networks, adopting a two-timescale multi-agent reinforcement learning strategy for optimal power allocation. Presenting comprehensive planning and operational strategies, the book allows readers to gain an in-depth grasp of how to integrate future coexisting networks at high-frequency bands in a cooperative manner, yielding reliable and high-speed 5G+ HetNets.

This book investigates energy management approaches for energy efficient or energy-centric system design and architecture and presents end-to-end energy management in the recent heterogeneous-type wireless network medium. It also considers energy management in wireless sensor and mesh networks by exploiting energy efficient transmission techniques and protocols. and explores energy management in emerging applications, services and engineering to be facilitated with 5G networks such as WBANs, VANETS and Cognitive networks. A special focus of the book is on the examination of the energy management practices in emerging wireless cellular and ad hoc networks. Considering the broad scope of energy management in wireless cellular and ad hoc networks, this book is organized into six sections covering range of Energy efficient systems and architectures; Energy efficient transmission and techniques; Energy efficient applications and services.

As technology continues to develop, certain innovations are beginning to cover a wide range of applications, specifically mobile robotic systems. The boundaries between the various automation methods and their implementations are not strictly defined, with overlaps occurring. Specificity is required regarding the research and development of android systems and how they pertain to modern science. Control and Signal Processing Applications for Mobile and Aerial Robotic Systems is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the current state of control and signal processing of portable robotic designs. While highlighting topics such as digital systems, control theory, and mathematical methods, this publication explores original inquiry contributions and the instrumentation of mechanical systems in the industrial and scientific fields. This book is ideally designed for technicians, engineers, industry specialists, researchers, academicians, and students seeking current research on today's execution of mobile robotic schemes.

In internet of things (IoT) applications, wireless connectivity is a key factor, particularly those that need to be in transition, or where wired communication is not effective or practicable. For top-notch connectivity of the Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) standard, the 900MHz frequency is generally used by most of the vendors. The radiation quality not only depends on the antenna geometry but on immediate surroundings. Additionally, the IoT product itself and the user of the product can strongly affect the resulting radiation pattern and other characteristics of the antenna. On the other hand, a suitable antenna should also have high efficiency and adequate bandwidth covering the desired frequency range. To take these effects into consideration, the whole IoT product must be included in the antenna simulations. Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT: Design, Analysis, and Applications provides the antenna design concept for narrowband internet of things applications, performs a detailed analysis of the antenna, and discusses the various antenna design concepts and structures. Covering a range of topics such as antenna design and antenna measurement systems, this book is ideal for industry professionals, research scholars, academicians, professors, and students.

Wireless sensor Networks: Vehicle and Space Applications describes the practical perspectives in using wireless sensor networks (WSN) to develop real world applications that can be used for space exploration. These applications include sensor interfaces, remote wireless vehicles, space crew health monitoring and instrumentation. The material discusses how applications of WSN originally developed for space travel and exploration are being applied and used in multiple real world applications, allowing for the development of smart systems that have characteristics such as self healing, self diagnosis, and emergency healthcare notification.

This book analyses how key 'systems integration' technical pressures, and the increasing use of collaborative alliances for market and product development are impacting on the socio technical policy directives of Chinese State leaders and the strategic behaviour of key Chinese high technology firms operating in the global wireless sector.

This book focuses on two of the most rapidly developing areas in wireless technology (WT) applications, namely, wireless sensors networks (WSNs) and wireless body area networks (WBANs). These networks can be considered smart applications of the recent WT revolutions. The book presents various security tools and scenarios for the proposed enhanced-security of WSNs, which are supplemented with numerous computer simulations. In the computer simulation section, WSN modeling is addressed using MATLAB programming language.

High-speed, power-efficient analog integrated circuits can be used as standalone devices or to interface modern digital signal processors and micro-controllers in various applications, including multimedia, communication, instrumentation, and control systems. New architectures and low device geometry of complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technologies have accelerated the movement toward system on a chip design, which merges analog circuits with digital, and radio-frequency components.

This book presents how multimedia data analysis, information retrieval and indexing are central for comprehensive, personalized, adaptive quality care and the prolongation of independent living at home. With sophisticated technologies in monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment, multimodal data plays an increasingly central role in healthcare. Experts in computer vision, image processing, medical imaging, biomedical engineering, medical informatics, physical education and motor control, visual learning, nursing and human sciences, information retrieval, content based image retrieval, eHealth, information fusion, multimedia communications and human computer interaction come together to provide a thorough overview of multimedia analysis in medicine and daily life.

This book presents the proceedings of the first IFIP WG 6.8 conference on Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks held in Albacete, Spain. The papers selected to be included in this volume illustrate the state-of-the-art and current trends in the area of wireless sensor and actor networks. The comprehensive program was organized into eight topics: Actors; Applications; Security; Energy; Quality of Service; Localization; Middleware; Protocols.

Anyone who has ever shopped for a new smart phone, laptop, or other tech gadget knows that staying connected is crucial. There is a lot of discussion over which service provider offers the best coverage-enabling devices to work anywhere and at any time-with 4G and LTE becoming a pervasive part of our everyday language. The Handbook of Research on Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems offers solutions for optimal connection of mobile devices. From satellite signals to cloud technologies, this handbook focuses on the ways communication is being revolutionized, providing a crucial reference source for consumers, researchers, and business professionals who want to be on the frontline of the next big development in wireless technologies. This publication features a wide variety of research-based articles that discuss the future of topics such as bandwidth, energy-efficient power, device-to-device communication, network security and privacy, predictions for 5G communication systems, spectrum sharing and connectivity, and many other relevant issues that will influence our everyday use of technology.

This book addresses the emerging technology for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), covering OFDMA physical layer as well as network technology. The book also includes information on IEEE 802.16e and WiMAX networks and also offers a comparison with other OFDMA technologies.

OFDMA is the fastest growing area in the wireless marketplace, and the backbone of systems used in WiMAX. WiMAX is the technology that enables wireless users to communicate at any time from any location without having to find a WiFi hotspot.

This book provides the state-of-the-art development on security and privacy for fog/edge computing, together with their system architectural support and applications. This book is organized into five parts with a total of 15 chapters. Each area corresponds to an important snapshot. The first part of this book presents an overview of fog/edge computing, focusing on its relationship with cloud technology and the future with the use of 5G communication. Several applications of edge computing are discussed. The second part of this book considers several security issues in fog/edge computing, including the secure storage and search services, collaborative intrusion detection method on IoT-fog computing, and the feasibility of deploying Byzantine agreement protocols in untrusted environments. The third part of this book studies the privacy issues in fog/edge computing. It first investigates the unique privacy challenges in fog/edge computing, and then discusses a privacy-preserving framework for the edge-based video analysis, a popular machine learning application on fog/edge. This book also covers the security architectural design of fog/edge computing, including a comprehensive overview of vulnerabilities in fog/edge computing within multiple architectural levels, the security and intelligent management, the implementation of network-function-virtualization-enabled multicasting in part four. It explains how to use the blockchain to realize security services. The last part of this book surveys applications of fog/edge computing, including the fog/edge computing in Industrial IoT, edge-based augmented reality, data streaming in fog/edge computing, and the blockchain-based application for edge-IoT. This book is designed for academics, researchers and government officials, working in the field of fog/edge computing and cloud computing. Practitioners, and business organizations (e.g., executives, system designers, and marketing professionals), who conduct teaching, research, decision making, and designing fog/edge technology will also benefit from this book The content of this book will be particularly useful for advanced-level students studying computer science, computer technology, and information systems, but also applies to students in business, education, and economics, who would benefit from the information, models, and case studies therein.

Wireless technology and handheld devices are dramatically changing the degrees of interaction throughout the world, further creating a ubiquitous network society. The emergence of advanced wireless telecommunication technologies and devices in today's society has increased accuracy and access rate, all of which are increasingly essential as the volume of information handled by users expands at an accelerated pace. The requirement for mobility leads to increasing pressure for applications and wireless systems to revolve around the concept of continuous communication with anyone, anywhere, and anytime. With the wireless technology and devices come ?exibility in network design and quicker deployment time. Over the past decades, numerous wireless telecommu- cation topics have received increasing attention from industry professionals, a- demics, and government agencies. Among these topics are the wireless Internet; multimedia; 3G/4G wireless networks and systems; mobile and wireless network security; wireless network modeling, algorithms, and simulation; satellite based s- tems; 802.11x; RFID; and broadband wireless access.