The book presents design methods for analog integrated circuits with improved electrical performance. It describes different equivalent transistor models, design methods, and fabrication considerations for high-density integrated circuits in nanometer CMOS processes, and it analyzes circuit architectures that are suitable for analog building blocks. Highlighting various design challenges, the text offers a complete understanding of architectural- and transistor-level design issues of analog integrated circuits. It examines important trends in the design of high-speed and power-efficient front-end analog circuits that can be used for signal conditioning, filtering, and detection applications. Offers a comprehensive resource for mastering the analysis of analog integrated circuits. Describes circuit-level details of high-speed and power-efficient analog building blocks. Explores design methods based on various MOS transistor models (MOSFET, FinFET). Provides mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas. Emphasizes practical aspects relevant to integrated circuit implementation. Includes open-ended circuit design case studies.

This thesis focuses on the key technologies involved in magnetically coupled Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). Starting from the basic structures and theories of WPT, it addresses four fundamental aspects of these systems. Firstly, it analyzes the factors affecting transfer efficiency and compares various methods for reducing the working frequency. Secondly, it discusses frequency splitting and offers a physical explanation. Thirdly, it proposes and assesses three multiple-load transfer structures. Lastly, it investigates WPT systems with active voltage-source and current-source load. As such, the thesis offers readers a deeper understanding of WPT technology, while also proposing insightful new advances.

Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled spaces have made revolutionary advances in the utility grid. Among these advances, intelligent and energy-efficient services are gaining considerable interest. The use of the smart grid is increasing day after day around us and is not only used in saving energy but also in our daily life for intelligent health, traffic, and even farming systems. The grid enabled with IoT features is also expected to communicate with cellular networks smoothly in the next-generation networks (6G and beyond). This will open the door for other interesting research areas. In this book, we consider the most significant and emergent research topics in this domain, addressing major issues and challenges in IoT-based solutions proposed for the smart grid. The chapters provide insight on comprehensive topics in IoT-based smart grids, combining technical aspects with the most up-to-date theory. It investigates the grid under varying and potential emerging paradigms such as edge/fog computing, in addition to big data aspects considerations in the IoT era. With comprehensive surveys and case studies, this book explores basic and high-level grid aspects in the emerging smart city paradigm, which makes it especially attractive to researchers, academics, and higher-level students. This authored book can be used by computer science undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners, city administrators, policymakers, and government regulators.

This book describes and compares both the IPv4 and IPv6 versions of OSPF and IS-IS. It explains OSPF and IS-IS by grounding the analysis on the principles of Link State Routing (LSR). It deliberately separates principles from technologies. Understanding the principles behind the technologies makes the learning process easier and more solid. Moreover, it helps uncovering the dissimilarities and commonalities of OSPF and IS-IS and exposing their stronger and weaker features. The chapters on principles explain the features of LSR protocols and discuss the alternative design options, independently of technologies. The chapters on technologies provide a comprehensive description of OSPF and IS-IS with enough detail for professionals that need to work with these technologies. The final part of the book describes and discusses a large set of experiments with Cisco routers designed to illustrate the various features of OSPF and IS-IS. In particular, the experiments related to the synchronization mechanisms are not usually found in the literature.

This book investigates in detail some new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) structures and their applications to antenna. It introduces the working principle and radiation characteristics of directional antenna, omnidirectional antenna, reconfigurable antenna and phase-mode antenna based on SSPPs structure. Especially, the irregular SSPPs structure, such as T-shaped and m-shaped SSPPs structures, is introduced to low-profile end-fire antenna with vertical polarization; the rotated SSPPs structure is applied to CP end-fire antenna and omnidirectional antenna; PIN circuit combining with SSPPs structure is used to pattern reconfigurable antenna; the novel phase-mode SSPPs antennas with multi-modes are performed too. This book proposes a continuous method to develop the potentialities of the SSPPs antenna. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the SSPPs antenna, even graft the methods to other SSPPs antenna. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in SSPPs antenna technology, researchers investigating high-performance antenna, and antenna design engineers working on multi-function antenna applications.

This book focuses on the development of circuit and system design techniques for millimeter wave wireless communication systems above 90GHz and fabricated in nanometer scale CMOS technologies. The authors demonstrate a hands-on methodology that was applied to design six different chips, in order to overcome a variety of design challenges. Behavior of both actives and passives, and how to design them to achieve high performance is discussed in detail. This book serves as a valuable reference for millimeter wave designers, working at both the transistor level and system level.

This book will be a comprehensive collection of advanced concepts related to 4th generation wireless communication systems. It will be divided into two main parts: resource allocation and transceiver architectures. These two research areas are at the core of the recent advances experimented by wireless communication systems. Each chapter will cover a relevant, timely, topic with two focuses: a first part which is of tutorial and survey nature, reviews the state of the art in that topic, followed by a more deep treatment including current research topics, case studies and performance analysis.

Mobile crowdsensing is a technology that allows large scale, cost-effective sensing of the physical world. In mobile crowdsensing, mobile personal devices such as smart phones or smart watches come equipped with a variety of sensors that can be leveraged to collect data related to environment, transportation, healthcare, safety and so on. This book presents the first extensive coverage of mobile crowdsensing, with examples and insights drawn from the authors' extensive research on this topic as well as from the research and development of a growing community of researchers and practitioners working in this emerging field. Throughout the text, the authors provide the reader with various examples of crowdsensing applications and the building blocks to creating the necessary infrastructure, explore the related concepts of mobile sensing and crowdsourcing, and examine security and privacy issues introduced by mobile crowdsensing platforms. Provides a comprehensive description of mobile crowdsensing, a one-stop shop for all relevant issues pertaining to mobile crowdsensing, including motivation, applications, design and implementation, incentive mechanisms, and reliability and privacy. Describes the design and implementations of mobile crowdsensing platforms of great interest for the readers working in research and industry to quickly implement and test their systems. Identifies potential issues in building such mobile crowdsensing applications to ensure their usability in real life and presents future directions in mobile crowdsensing by emphasizing the open problems that have to be addressed.

This comprehensive book unveils the working relationship of blockchain and the fog/edge computing. The contents of the book have been designed in such a way that the reader will not only understand blockchain and fog/edge computing but will also understand their co-existence and their collaborative power to solve a range of versatile problems. The first part of the book covers fundamental concepts and the applications of blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing. These include: Internet of Things, Tactile Internet, Smart City; and E-challan in the Internet of Vehicles. The second part of the book covers security and privacy related issues of blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing. These include, hardware primitive based Physical Unclonable Functions; Secure Management Systems; security of Edge and Cloud in the presence of blockchain; secure storage in fog using blockchain; and using differential privacy for edge-based Smart Grid over blockchain. This book is written for students, computer scientists, researchers and developers, who wish to work in the domain of blockchain and fog/edge computing. One of the unique features of this book is highlighting the issues, challenges, and future research directions associated with Blockchain-enabled fog and edge computing paradigm. We hope the readers will consider this book a valuable addition in the domain of Blockchain and fog/edge computing.

The study of electromagnetic field theory is required for proper understanding of every device wherein electricity is used for operation. The proposed textbook on electromagnetic fields covers all the generic and unconventional topics including electrostatic boundary value problems involving two- and three-dimensional Laplacian fields and one- and two- dimensional Poissonion fields, magnetostatic boundary value problems, eddy currents, and electromagnetic compatibility. The subject matter is supported by practical applications, illustrations to supplement the theory, solved numerical problems, solutions manual and Powerpoint slides including appendices and mathematical relations. Aimed at undergraduate, senior undergraduate students of electrical and electronics engineering, it: Presents fundamental concepts of electromagnetic fields in a simplified manner Covers one two- and three-dimensional electrostatic boundary value problems involving Laplacian fields and Poissonion fields Includes exclusive chapters on eddy currents and electromagnetic compatibility Discusses important aspects of magneto static boundary value problems Explores all the basic vector algebra and vector calculus along with couple of two- and three-dimensional problems

This book provides a broad understanding of the fundamental tools and methods from information theory and mathematical programming, as well as specific applications in 6G and beyond system designs. The contents focus on not only both theories but also their intersection in 6G. Motivations are from the multitude of new developments which will arise once 6G systems integrate new communication networks with AIoT (Artificial Intelligence plus Internet of Things). Design issues such as the intermittent connectivity, low latency, federated learning, IoT security, etc., are covered. This monograph provides a thorough picture of new results from information and optimization theories, as well as how their dialogues work to solve aforementioned 6G design issues.

Much energy has been spent on the subject of spectrum scarcity that would threaten to stunt the growth of wireless technologies and services. This concern comes on the heels of the great successes of both cellular communications and consumer oriented communications like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth that have changed the way people use computers and communications and that have led to the creation of large new markets for products and services.

The response of many spectrum regulators throughout the world in addressing these concerns has been to consider releasing more spectrum for unlicensed or for shared use. An example is the spectrum that is released by the transition to digital TV: the frequencies freed up are destined, in part, to new applications that would be license exempt. A possible beneficiary of new spectrum releases would be "the smart grid," a networked application of digital sensor and control technology to the energy delivery segment of the energy utility industry. This policy has heightened the interests of all involved in spectrum sharing and many proposals are being considered or brought forward. However, theory in this area is scarce and practice proves resistive of quick solutions. A case in point is RLAN/radar spectrum sharing in the 5GHz range: six years after the ITU-R allocated this shared spectrum, the rules for sharing as well as the means to verify compliance with these rules are not fully mature.

Another recent development is the interest in spectrum pricing and trading which tend to focus on the economic aspects of spectrum sharing at the expense understanding of the limitations as well as the technical possibilities of spectrum sharing.

The study of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a continually growing, as these networks have the advantage of easy deployment for a number of different applications. Wireless Sensor Networks and Energy Efficiency: Protocols, Routing and Management focuses on wireless sensor networks and their operation, covering topics including routing, energy efficiency and management. Containing 27 chapters authored by a group of internationally experienced professionals and researchers in the fields of computer science, communication, and networking, this book discusses critical issues in wireless sensor network research including MAC, Routing Protocols, TCP, performance and traffic management, time synchronization, and security.

Opportunities in 5G Networks: A Research and Development Perspective uniquely focuses on the R&D technical design of 5th-generation (5G) networks. It is written and edited by researchers and engineers who are world-renown experts in the design of 5G networks. The book consists of four sections: The first section explains what 5G is, what its real uses are, and the effects of 5G for mobile operators. It provides an overview of the evolution from 4G to 5G and discusses the services, visions, requirements, and key enabling technologies for 5G networks. The second section covers the nuts and bolts of 5G design, including cellular network deployment policies, directional antennas for cellular networks, and vertical sectoring. It discusses the development of quality-of-service management principles at the network level in the new Third Generation Partnership Project releases and their implementation in 5G networks. It covers massive multiple-in multiple-out systems-a key enabling technology for 5G, and looks at issues associated with channel estimation and channel feedback in massive multiple-in multiple-out. It also addresses converged management of radio and optical resources. The third section provides an overview of candidate physical layer technologies for 5G systems, nonorthogonal multiple access, and Nyquist signaling rates. The final section covers the centimeter-wave (cmWave) concept (below 30 GHz), the 5G cmWave concept for small cells, fundamental technology components such as optimized frame structure, dynamic scheduling of uplink/downlink transmission, interference suppression receivers, and rank adaptation. Finally, it examines millimeter-wave (mmWave) models along with medium access control design, 5G mmWave communications, and high-directional new medium access control mechanisms for directional mmWave wireless systems.

Opportunistic networking, by definition, allows devices to communicate whenever a window of opportunity is available. Many emerging technologies employ opportunistic exchanges of information. This book addresses this trend in communications engineering, taking into account three specific areas-vehicular, device-to-device (D2D), and cognitive radio-while describing the opportunistic communication methods of each. From smart homes to smart cities, smart agriculture to never-die-networks and beyond, the text explores the state of the art of opportunistic networking, providing the latest research, developments, and practices in one concise source.

This book provides a comprehensive overview for the use of femtocells in smart Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Femtocells will help mobile operators to provide a basis for the next generation of services which are a combination of voice, video, and data services to mobile users. This book discusses modelling traffic and deployment strategies in femtocells and provides a review for the use of femtocells and their applications in IoT environments. Moreover, it highlights the efficient real-time medium access, data delivery, caching and security aspects in smart spaces. It concludes by presenting open research issues associated with smart IoT-femtocell based applications.

This book presents insights, interpretations, concepts, and interdependent views-in the landscape of mobile connectivity and service-that emphasize the significance of a harmonious interplay, cooperation, and coalescing of a variety of interdisciplinary domains of science and art. Mobile Evolution: Insights on Connectivity and Service explores the forward-looking and enabling capabilities of mobile connectivity and service in the context of long term evolution (LTE) systems and multimedia services, as viewed through a lens of human experience. It provides information and guidelines pertaining to the strategies and technologies associated with the next-generation mobile ecosystem. The book examines the intersection between the technology and the human dimension in the context of the ever-changing landscape. It arms you with ideas that you can apply to design, innovation, strategy, and business models for the various facets of mobile communication connectivity and service.

Beyond 2020, wireless communication systems will have to support more than 1,000 times the traffic volume of today's systems. This extremely high traffic load is a major issue faced by 5G designers and researchers. This challenge will be met by a combination of parallel techniques that will use more spectrum more flexibly, realize higher spectral efficiency, and densify cells. Novel techniques and paradigms must be developed to meet these goals. The book addresses diverse key-point issues of next-generation wireless communications systems and identifies promising solutions. The book's core is concentrated to techniques and methods belonging to what is generally called radio access network.

This book on SDP is the first of this kind that attempts to put all SDP related RFCs together with their mandatory and optional texts in a chronological systematic way as if people can use a single "super-SDP RFC" with almost one-to-one integrity from beginning to end to see the big picture of SDP in addition to base SDP functionalities.

Digital worlds and cultures-social media, web 2.0, youtube, wearable technologies, health and fitness apps-dominate, if not order, our everyday lives. We are no longer 'just' consumers or readers of digital culture but active producers through facebook, twitter, Instagram, youtube and other emerging technologies. This book is predicated on the assumption that out understanding of our everyday lives should be informed by what is taking place in and through emerging technologies given these (virtual) environments provide a crucial context where traditional, categorical assumptions about the body, identity and leisure may be contested. Far from being 'virtual', the body is constituted within and through emerging technologies in material ways. Recent 'moral panics' over the role of digital cultures in teen suicide, digital drinking games, an endless array of homoerotic images of young bodies being linked with steroid use, disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, facebook games/fundraising campaigns (e.g. for breast cancer), movements devoted to exposing 'everyday sexism' / metoo, twitter abuse (of feminists, of athletes, of racist nature to name but a few), speak to the need for critical engagement with digital cultures. While some of the earlier techno-utopian visions offered the promise of digitality to give rise to participatory, user generator collaborations, within this book we provide critical engagement with digital technologies and what this means for our understandings of leisure cultures. The chapters originally published in a special issue in Leisure Studies.

In recent years, a lot of work has been done in an effort to incorporate Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques in building an adaptive routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Since centralized approach for routing in MANETs generally lacks in scalability and fault-tolerance, SI techniques provide a natural solution through a distributed approach for the adaptive routing for MANETs. In SI techniques, the captivating features of insects or mammals are correlated with the real world problems to find solutions. Recently, several applications of bio-inspired and nature-inspired algorithms in telecommunications and computer networks have achieved remarkable success. The main aims/objectives of this book, "Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Bio-Inspired Quality of Service Aware Routing Protocols", are twofold; firstly it clearly distinguishes between principles of traditional routing protocols and SI based routing protocols, while explaining in detail the analogy between MANETs and SI principles. Secondly, it presents the readers with important Quality of Service (QoS) parameters and explains how SI based routing protocols achieves QoS demands of the applications. This book also gives quantitative and qualitative analysis of some of the SI based routing protocols for MANETs.

Until the 1990s, almost all spectrum licenses were given away practically for free-even the first mobile licenses which laid the foundation for multi-billion dollar companies that dominate stock markets around the world. In the past fifteen years, there has been a concerted attempt to liberalise the sector and make it more open to market forces. This book examines this attempt. Exploring the new frontier for spectrum policy, Understanding Spectrum Liberalisation identifies the successes and failures of the main policy initiatives of the past decade. It explains, in layman's terms, the technical and policy background needed to understand these debates. For those already working in the field, the book provides a lively analysis of recent policy initiatives along with an authoritative interpretation of the latest developments in spectrum policy. It examines individual liberalisation initiatives in detail and explains the logic behind moves towards spectrum sharing, which is seen as the next policy phase. This book will help non-specialists climb the formidable learning curve quickly. It is ideal for those who have just become involved in the spectrum field, whether in industry, government, or as a regulator, as well as those with expertise in one area of spectrum management who want to learn more about the other areas. History is about the concerns of the present, so the saying goes, and the authors hope that their interpretation of the very recent past will stimulate debate about future policy and help you make substantive contributions to ongoing policy debates.

This book shows how to build a "INFelecPHY GPS Unit" (IEP-GPS) tracking system for fleet management that is based on 3G and GPRS modules. This model should provide reliability since it deals with several protocols: 1) HTTP and HTTPS to navigate, download and upload in real time the information to a web server, 2) FTTP and FTTPS to handle in a non-real time the files to the web application, and 3) SMTP and POP3 to send and receive email directly from the unit in case of any alert. Similar to a mobile device, but without screen for display, it is multifunctional because it links to a GPRS module, a camera, a speaker, headphone, a keypad and screen.

This book gives an overview of best effort data and real-time multipath routing protocols in WMSN. It provides results of recent research in design issues affecting the development of strategic multipath routing protocols that support multimedia data traffic in WMSN from an IoT perspective, plus detailed analysis on the appropriate traffic models.

C-RAN and virtualized Small Cell technology poses several major research challenges. These include dynamic resource allocation, self-configuration in the baseband pool, high latency in data transfer between radio unit and baseband unit, the cost of data delivery, high volume of data in the network, software networking aspects, potential energy savings, security concerns, privacy of user's personal data at a remote place, limitations of virtualized environment, etc. This book provides deeper insights into the next generation RAN architecture and surveys the coexistence of SDN, C-RAN and Small Cells solutions proposed in the literature at different levels.