integrating legacy, pathogenic and emerging contaminants and their removal techniques. appealing both to beginners and experts, owing to a diverse level of chapters as well as topics. with numerous case studies illustrating the proof of concepts. providing implications for policy, guidelines, and regulation.

This book explores how conflicts around access to water shape cities, citizenship and infrastructures by tracing how water is commodified and controlled by the Public Enterprises of Medellin (EPM), one of the most successful publicly owned utility companies in the global South. Why are water inequalities dramatically increasing in Medellin, a city that is located in an area of bountiful water resources and owns a successful, established utility company? This book explains this paradoxical situation by weaving together two central threads. The first is a critical historical analysis of the political, economic and ecological conditions that enabled the city's utility company to grow and expand internationally, and the second is a rich account of the everyday practices and struggles of residents in low-income areas to secure access to water and demand citizenship rights. The EPM is a case of global significance as the company continues to expand its commercial operations in the Latin American services market by taking over the utilities in Panama, El Salvador and Guatemala, Mexico and Chile. Although its successful international expansion has been a source of pride and admiration for many Colombians, the implementation of market-oriented operating principles in all activities of the utility company raises important and complex questions about its public character and responsibility in the provision of basic services, which has much wider implications given how it is poised to be a model for other for-profit municipal service operations in other Latin American countries. This book advances the empirical knowledge of corporatized utilities, with a globally significant case, as well as providing new theoretical insights with which to understand the limits, challenges and opportunities faced by public utility companies to provide affordable and equal access to water in cities. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, corporatization, privatisation and commodification of natural resources, urban studies, citizenship and human rights, environmental sociology and Latin American studies.

This book presents recent research and advances in various solid-liquid separation technologies and some applications for treating produced water. It covers fundamental principles and the importance of produced water in major industrial sectors and compares solid-liquid separation technologies. In addition, this book Presents the results of research studies conducted to evaluate the performance of solid-liquid separation technologies Discusses a wide range of technologies, including membrane, filtration, crystallization, desalination, supercritical fluids, coagulation, and floatation Includes experimental, theoretical, modeling, and process design studies With its comprehensive coverage, this book is an essential reference for chemical researchers, scientists, and engineers in industry, academia, and professional laboratories. It is also an important resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying solid-liquid separations.

Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management is a comprehensive volume on this important topic. It broadly covers the sources, availability, demand, and supply of water and its uses in irrigation and crop production in agriculture. It then delves into many specific aspects of water resource development and management, including Irrigation creation and utilization Water storage efficiency, conveyance efficiency, distribution efficiency, and application efficiency The role of water in plant systems and soil-water-plant relationships Estimating the water need for irrigation along with management strategies Water quality in agriculture as well as the impact of water quality on human health Water pricing Wetland management and water productivity Water pollution in agriculture and water contamination in urban and rural areas Examples and case studies are included to illustrate and reinforce the text, such as reviews of river linking projects, adopted water management technologies for agricultural farms, important irrigation projects (both minor and major), and more.Written by two eminent researchers and scientists in agricultural water management, this informative volume is designed for students of agriculture, researchers, policymakers, and teachers engaged in the field of water management.

Complete, practical coverage of pollution control regulations and water quality modeling

Water Quality Modeling for Wasteload Allocations and TMDLs provides practical guidance for engineers charged with determining the volume and character of wastewater that a body of water can receive without suffering environmental damage. Following the discussion on water pollution control regulations and their relationships to water quality modeling and wasteload allocation for determining the total maximum daily load (TMDL), the first half of the book focuses on quantifying the model coefficients to characterize physical, chemical, and biological processes of a variety of water quality problems.

The remainder of the book guides engineers in the application of EPA-developed models for regulatory use. Presenting numerous case studies and a substantial amount of data, this comprehensive guide:

• Covers practical applications of wasteload allocation
• Provides guidance to develop technical information for obtaining National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits
• Demonstrates the application of STREAM, QUAL2E, WASP, and HAR03

Water Quality Modeling for Wasteload Allocations and TMDLs is an essential resource for state and federal water quality agencies, consulting engineering firms, publicly owned treatment works, environmental biologists and chemists, and public health officials involved with pollution control.

The Bhagirathi-Hooghly Basin in India is one of the most densely populated regions in the world and is undergoing rapid transformation of its natural landscape induced by human interventions, such as mushrooming of dams and barrages, deforestation, and urbanization. Human activities and interventions on basin landforms and the processes that shape those landforms have accelerated at an alarming rate. This book uses spatio-temporal analysis to understand the major anthropogenic signatures on land use and land cover changes and the impact these activities have on the landforms and processes of the Bhagirathi-Hooghly River and its sub-basins. It answers the what, where, why, and how of the anthropogenic signatures involved. Recent case studies on the impact of anthropogenic signatures on fluvial forms and processes make this book a useful resource for students and researchers in the earth sciences, local governments, urban planners, and all concerned with rural developments. Features: Explores for the first time the new concept of anthropogeomorphology for the river basin-an emerging field Analyses the impact of anthropogenic activities, especially the construction of dams and reservoirs, and urbanization on major fluvial landscapes using advanced geospatial modelling techniques Investigates human interference in river systems, their effects on the dynamics of the river, and the livelihoods of the people residing along the river Addresses issues related to geology, geomorphology, geography, planning, land use, and land management areas Fills the need for data-driven governance and policy decisions for the future of urban-industrial growth in India.

Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive review of the latest advances in nanomaterials-based technologies for the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater. It describes the latest developments in the synthesis protocols, including the synthesis of different kinds of nanostructure materials using various physical and chemical methods. Features Discusses the synthesis and characterization of important nanomaterials such as carbon nanostructures, metal and metal oxide nanostructures, polymer nanostructures, and smart 1D--3D nanomaterials Presents the latest techniques used in the characterization of nanomaterials Covers environmental applications including the remediation of pollutants in wastewater and water purification and disinfection Examines the sources, fate, transport, and ecotoxicology of nanomaterials in the environment. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this work will be of interest to chemical, environmental, and materials engineers concerned with the application of advanced materials for environmental and water remediation. Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh Barakat is a Professor of Environmental Sciences at both King Abdulaziz University (KAU)- Saudi Arabia, and Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI)- Egypt. He is highly qualified in the fields of industrial waste management and pollution control as well as catalysis and nanotechnology. His experience includes academic research works in Japan, Germany, the United States and Saudi Arabia, as well as initiating and leading industrial research projects in Egypt jointly with the United States. Rajeev Kumar is an Associate Professor in the Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. His research activities are in the areas of wastewater treatment and materials science. He studies the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

The United States faces a water crisis as critical as the energy crisis that dominated headlines until recently. Like the energy crisis, a solution can be found. Pat Mulroy, for many years the head of the Colorado River water commission and now a Brookings fellow, has gathered together a number of practitioners and scholars to show us why we face a crisis and what we can do to help alleviate it. While the focus has been on California recently with its water restrictions and drought, the many other parts of the United States are also suffering from current and potential water shortages that will only be exacerbated by climate change. The Water Problem takes us to Miami and the problem of rising oceans fouling freshwater reservoirs, Kansas and Nebraska where intensive farming is draining age-old aquifers, and to the Southwest United States, where growing populations and urban environments are putting unsustainable stresses on the Colorado River.Mulroy and her contributors explore not just the problems, but also what we can do now to put in place measures to deal with a very real crisis.

This book presents three distinct pillars for analysis, design, and planning: urban water cycle and variability as the state of water being; landscape architecture as the medium for built-by-design; and total systems as the planning approach. The increasing demand for water and urban and industrial expansions have caused myriad environmental, social, economic, and political predicaments. More frequent and severe floods and droughts have changed the resiliency and ability of water infrastructure systems to operate and provide services to the public. These concerns and issues have also changed the way we plan and manage our water resources. Focusing on urban challenges and contexts, the book provides foundational information regarding water science and engineering while also examining topics relating to urban stormwater, water supply, and wastewater infrastructures. It also addresses critical emerging issues such as simulation and economic modeling, flood resiliency, environmental visualization, satellite data applications, and digital data model (DEM) advancements. Features: Explores various theoretical, practical, and real-world applications of system analysis, design, and planning of urban water infrastructures Discusses hydrology, hydraulics, and basic laws of water flow movement through natural and constructed environments Describes a wide range of novel topics ranging from water assets, water economics, systems analysis, risk, reliability, and disaster management Examines the details of hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling and simulation of conceptual and data-driven models Delineates flood resiliency, environmental visualization, pattern recognition, and machine learning attributes Explores a compilation of tools and emerging techniques that elevate the reader to a higher plateau in water and environmental systems management Water Systems Analysis, Design, and Planning: Urban Infrastructure serves as a useful resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in the areas of water resources and systems analysis, as well as practicing engineers and landscape professionals.

Removal of Pollutants from Saline Water: Treatment Technologies provides a comprehensive understanding of technologies that are currently adopted in the treatment of pollutants present in saline water systems. It provides information on the treatment technologies for saline water systems, including seawater, brackish water, oil-produced water, and other industrial saline wastewaters. FEATURES Presents information exclusively for saline water pollutant removal Introduces current treatment technologies and addresses why and how the techniques differ between fresh and salt water Offers an inclusive overview of physicochemical, biological, membrane, and advanced oxidation treatment technologies Features various perspectives and case studies from relevant global experts Provides a comprehensive one-stop source for the treatment of pollutants in all saline water systems Aimed at students, academicians, researchers, and practicing engineers in the fields of chemical, civil, marine, and environmental engineering who wish to be acquainted with the most recent developments in the treatment of pollutants present in saline water systems. Prof. Dr. Shaik Feroz works at Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He has 30 years of experience in teaching, research, and industry. He has more than 190 publications to his credit in journals and conferences of international repute. He was awarded "Best Researcher" by Caledonian College of Engineering for the year 2014. Prof. Dr. Detlef W. Bahnemann is Head of the Research Unit, Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology at Leibniz University Hannover (Germany), Director of the Research Institute "Nanocomposite Materials for Photonic Applications" at Saint Petersburg State University (Russian Federation), and Distinguished Professor at Shaanxi University of Science and Technology in Xi'an (People's Republic of China). His research topics include photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, solar chemistry, and photochemistry focused on synthesis and physical-chemical properties of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. His 500-plus publications have been cited more than 65,000 times (h-index: 100).

Provides exhaustive information on the use of algae for the simultaneous treatment and resource recovery of wastewater. Discuses algae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria applications in-detail. Presents critical insight into limitations of the prevalent technologies. Reviews methodology of advanced technologies. Includes illustrations and interesting trivia boxes throughout the book.

This book works to build trust, consensus, and capacity to enhance understanding through a water conflict management framework designed to bolster collaborative skills. Built on case-studies analysis and hands-on real-life applications, it addresses issues of water insecurity of marginalized systems and communities, global water viability, institutional resilience, and the inclusion of faith-based traditions for climate action. The authors assess the complexities of climate challenges and explain how to create sustainable, effective, and efficient water approaches for an improved ecological and socioeconomic future within the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.

This book discusses new and innovative trends and techniques in the removal of toxic and or refractory pollutants through various environmental biotechnological processes from wastewater, both at the laboratory and industrial scale. It focuses primarily on environmentally-friendly technologies which respect the principles of sustainable development, including the advanced trends in remediation through an approach of environmental biotechnological processes from either industrial or sewage wastewater. Features: Examines the fate and occurrence of refractory pollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the potential approaches for their removal. Highlights advanced remediation procedures involving various microbiological and biochemical processes. Assesses and compares the potential application of numerous existing treatment techniques and introduces new, emerging technologies. Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants is suitable for practicing engineers, researchers, water utility managers, and students who seek an excellent introduction and basic knowledge in the principles of environmental bioremediation technologies.

This book shows how digital technologies are transforming how we locate, manage, treat, distribute, and use water. Water resources are under stress from over-allocation, increased demand, pollution, climate change, and outdated public policies. Historical approaches to delivering water for human consumption, industrial production, agriculture, power generation, and ecosystems are no longer adequate to meet demands. As a result, we need to vastly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our public and private sector processes in water management. The author describes recent advances in data acquisition (e.g., satellite imagery, drones, and on-the-ground sensors and smart meters), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, which provide new tools to meet needs in both developing and developed economies. For example, a digital water technology portfolio brings the value of real-time system-wide monitoring - and response - within the capability of water providers of all sizes and sophistication. As such, digital water promises to increase the long-term value of water resource assets while assisting in compliance with regulations and helping respond to the demands of population growth and evolving natural and business ecosystems. Including many practical examples, the author concludes that digital and smart water technologies will not only better manage water assets but also enable the public sector to provide universal access to safe drinking water, the private sector to continue to grow, and ecosystems to thrive.

This book shows how digital technologies are transforming how we locate, manage, treat, distribute, and use water. Water resources are under stress from over-allocation, increased demand, pollution, climate change, and outdated public policies. Historical approaches to delivering water for human consumption, industrial production, agriculture, power generation, and ecosystems are no longer adequate to meet demands. As a result, we need to vastly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our public and private sector processes in water management. The author describes recent advances in data acquisition (e.g., satellite imagery, drones, and on-the-ground sensors and smart meters), big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, which provide new tools to meet needs in both developing and developed economies. For example, a digital water technology portfolio brings the value of real-time system-wide monitoring - and response - within the capability of water providers of all sizes and sophistication. As such, digital water promises to increase the long-term value of water resource assets while assisting in compliance with regulations and helping respond to the demands of population growth and evolving natural and business ecosystems. Including many practical examples, the author concludes that digital and smart water technologies will not only better manage water assets but also enable the public sector to provide universal access to safe drinking water, the private sector to continue to grow, and ecosystems to thrive.

Water Environment Modeling covers the formulations and applications of mathematical models that simulate water flow and chemical transport in rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries, coastal, and ocean waters. These models are used to evaluate the response of water environment to human interventions and serve as useful analytical tools for water pollution control and resource management. Simple and comprehensive modeling techniques and their practical applications are presented with examples and exercises, most of which are derived from actual case studies. In general, simple models can be solved analytically and comprehensive models require numerical solutions. While simple models are usually adopted for preliminary assessment of a particular water environment, comprehensive models are used to provide detailed spatial and temporal variations of pollutants in complex environments. The system-based models in the forms of integral equations are introduced as an alternative modeling approach. This textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in civil and environmental engineering and related academic fields. It is also suitable as a reference book for practicing engineers and scientists. Authors: Clark C.K. Liu is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of Hawaii and former Environmental Engineering Director of US National Science Foundation. Pengzhi Lin is Professor of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University. He is the author of Numerical Modeling of Water Waves (CRC Press, 2008). Hong Xiao is Professor and Vice Director of Hydroinformatics Institute of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University.

Water Environment Modeling covers the formulations and applications of mathematical models that simulate water flow and chemical transport in rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries, coastal, and ocean waters. These models are used to evaluate the response of water environment to human interventions and serve as useful analytical tools for water pollution control and resource management. Simple and comprehensive modeling techniques and their practical applications are presented with examples and exercises, most of which are derived from actual case studies. In general, simple models can be solved analytically and comprehensive models require numerical solutions. While simple models are usually adopted for preliminary assessment of a particular water environment, comprehensive models are used to provide detailed spatial and temporal variations of pollutants in complex environments. The system-based models in the forms of integral equations are introduced as an alternative modeling approach. This textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in civil and environmental engineering and related academic fields. It is also suitable as a reference book for practicing engineers and scientists. Authors: Clark C.K. Liu is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of Hawaii and former Environmental Engineering Director of US National Science Foundation. Pengzhi Lin is Professor of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University. He is the author of Numerical Modeling of Water Waves (CRC Press, 2008). Hong Xiao is Professor and Vice Director of Hydroinformatics Institute of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University.

African papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) wetlands provide water, food and materials to millions of people, and perform important landscape functions such as water and nutrient storage, habitat provision for fish, birds and other wildlife. They are also an integral part of the culture of African wetland communities. With an increasing demand for food, papyrus wetlands are at risk of conversion to agriculture and losing these ecosystem services. Combining increased agricultural production with wetland conservation is urgently needed. The research presented in this book consisted of two parts. First, field experiments investigated nitrogen and phosphorus retention, showing that papyrus grows faster with disturbance from human activities or flooding, but produces less biomass and stores less nutrients. Then, a dynamic simulation model (Papyrus Simulator) based on the hydrological and ecological wetland processes showed that assimilation, mortality, decay, re-translocation, nutrient inflow and soil porosity were the most influential factors. The model demonstrated that controlled harvesting can increase nutrient retention by up to 40%, but overharvesting leads to the release of nutrients. These findings can help determining optimum harvesting strategies for constructed and natural wetlands, and contribute to the quantification of ecosystem services and an evidence-based adaptive management approach for African wetland landscapes.

Real risk management is predicated on the eventuality of human erraticism and therefore necessitates the design of resilient systems, such as control measures, policies, procedures, processes, rules, checklists, and protocols, to protect organizations against unpredictability. However, these systems aren't enough to prevent tragedies, they must be paired with an organizational culture that drives employee understanding, adherence, questioning, and enforcement of these systems. Success is conditioned on this interdependent relationship, meaning employees do the right thing, the right way every time, as they unequivocally support the underlying rationale of their organizational systems, mission, and purpose. This dynamic, inculcated way of thinking is intrinsic to high-reliability organizations and should be the aspiration of all executives, managers, and supervisors. Authors Gordon Graham and Paul Fuller impart a wide range of practical information on resilient systems- as these thoughtfully designed protocols, kept up-to-date and properly implemented, serve to minimize organizational risk in the water and wastewater industry. Features: Offers guidance for organizations to maximize service, enhance safety, and minimize liability. Presents fundamental background on risk, systems, risk management, as well as factors leading to industrial tragedies and how to avoid or mitigate them. Includes practical examples to demonstrate the necessary steps to transform a water facility into a highly reliable and safe organization. Centering on organizational risk management, Practitioner's Handbook of Risk Management for Water & Wastewater Systems provides the investigative tools for risk assessments and risk/frequency matrixes to effectively recognize and prioritize the thousands of risks facing professionals working in the water and wastewater industry today.

Water and wastewater treatment normally take place in a series of continuous flow units, each designed to perform a step of the intended purification process - typically involving coagulation or flocculation, sedimentation or filtration, and disinfection. The flow pattern governs the residence/contact time, turbulence levels, collisions and shear to which different fluid portions are subjected in their passage through the unit. The efficiency of a given unit depends as much on the relevant physical, chemical or biological reaction as on the flow pattern taking place inside. This combined effect of flow features on process efficiency is often overlooked in teaching the design of water and wastewater treatment units, and so it is not uncommon to find treatment units in operating in a cost-ineffective way, causing health and environmental problems. This book introduces engineering students to concepts and practical measures associated with the rational design of treatment units, leading to more realistic and potentially optimal solutions for new units as well as for retrofitting existing units. Key basic concepts and suitable analytical tools are described, illustrated and worked through using practical examples. Engineering undergraduates and graduates should benefit from the book while undertaking standalone modules on the topic and/or supplementary classes of existing courses on unit treatment processes. The book may also be useful for technical and engineering staff involved in designing and/or retrofitting units for better cost-effectiveness and footprint reduction of the water and wastewater treatment sector.

This informative volume provides comprehensive knowledge on various aspects of wastewater resource management from the point of process sustainability and resource recovery. This authoritative compendium is crucial for developing resource-efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and management strategies for both small (decentralized) and large (centralized) communities. Traditional wastewater systems have become increasingly energy-consuming and cost-intensive while also not meeting the increasing standards for nutrient removal and sustainable development. This book incorporates the latest developments in pollutant removal and resource recovery schemes in wastewater treatment. It highlights advances that have been made in microbiological processes; design of treatment methods; process configurations; energy conservation and efficiency improvement schemes; nutrient removal; recovery, reclamation, and recycling; beneficial uses of wastewater; and bioenergy and biochemical production from wastewater and sludge streams. Waste-to-energy technologies, especially wastewater treatment as a potential biofuel energy alternative through bioelectrochemical and other processes, are also discussed in this book.

Bioremediation: A Sustainable Approach to Preserving Earth's Water discusses the latest research in green chemistry practices and principles that are involved in water remediation and the quality improvement of water. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluoride, dissolved solids and many other pollutants are responsible for water pollution and poor water quality. The removal of these pollutants in water resources is necessary, yet challenging. Water preservation is of great importance globally and researchers are making significant progress in ensuring this precious commodity is safe and potable. This volume illustrates how bioremediation in particular is a promising green technique globally. Features: Addresses bioremediation of all the major water pollutants Approaches the chemistry of water and the concept of water as a renewable resource from a green chemistry aspect Discusses environmental chemistry and the practice of industrial ecology Explains the global concern of adequate high quality water supplies, and how bioremediation can resolve this Explores sustainable development through green engineering

Includes the latest developments of plumbing technologies and practices Clear illustrations Issues related to Sky-scrapers and special concerns are covered Suitable for a variety of undergraduate courses from Building Services Engineering to Architectural Technology and Civil Engineering. NVQ level 2 and 3 plumbers will also find the book as concise reference

This book provides a reference to analysis techniques of common cooling water system problems and a historical perspective on solutions to chronic cooling water system problems, such as corrosion and biofouling. It covers best design practices for cooling water systems that are required to support the operation of all electric power plants. Plant engineers will gain better understanding of the practical issues associated with their cooling water systems and new designs or modifications of their systems should consider the actual challenges to the systems. The book is intended for graduate students and practicing engineers working in both nuclear and fossil power plants and industrial facilities that use large amounts of cooling water.

This book examines the role played by business in urban water governance by analyzing the evolution of the global private water sector along with four public-private partnerships in Mexico and the U.S. The local nature of water services often hides the global developments behind the rise of transnational water corporations, which have gone from being local operators to becoming dynamic and powerful actors within an interconnected transnational space for water. This book focuses on the French groups Veolia and Suez, two of the most prominent private actors in global water governance, and the development and adaptation strategies of both companies in the cities of Aguascalientes, Mexico City, Atlanta, and Milwaukee over the past 30 years. Drawing on over 100 interviews conducted with corporate executives, public authorities, and local users of water services, this book moves beyond the simplistic dichotomy of the public-private debate and develops a theoretical framework that analyzes the economic and political power wielded by transnational business actors in global water governance. Not only does the book explain how Veolia and Suez strategically mobilize resources at difference scales in order to expand their global operations, but it also provides a nuanced picture of how state regulation remains of central importance to understanding the dynamics and evolution of the global water sector. Students and scholars interested in business and the environment, including public-private partnerships, business management and transnational corporations, and water governance, will find this book of great interest as will professionals and policymakers working in these fields.