The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in 1986 by
two IBM scientists led to an unprecedented explosion of research
and development efforts world-wide because of the significant
potential for practical applications offered by these materials.
However, the early euphoria created by the exciting prospects was
dampened by the daunting task of fabricating these materials into
useful forms with acceptable superconducting properties. Progress
towards this goal has been hindered by many intrinsic materials
problems, such as weak-links, flux-creep, and poor mechanical
properties.
The above problems led to the development of the
Second-Generation of HTS wires. Three methods were invented to
produce flexible metallic substrates, which were also
crystallographically biaxially textured, and resembled a long,
mosaic single crystal. The first method invented is the
Ion-Beam-Assisted-Deposition (IBAD). The second method developed
was the Inclined-Substrate-Deposition (ISD). The third method
invented is called the
Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS).
The book is divided into four sections. The first section
discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured
substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can
be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second
section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such
as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering,
pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation
flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet
vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD),
and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE).The third section includes detailed
chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and
Hg-based conductors.
These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as
"Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments
in HTS technology. HTS wires based on this technology have the
potential to carry 100-1000 times the current without resistance
losses of comparable copper wire. HTS power equipment based on
these HTS conductors has a potential to be half the size of
conventional alternatives with the same or higher power rating and
less than one half the energy losses. Upgrading of the world-wide
electric power transmission and distribution with HTS based devices
can significantly help in meeting the growing demand for
electricity world-wide. There is little question that
superconducting technology based on the Next-Generation HTS
Superconducting Wires will make a substantial impact on the way we
generate, transmit, distribute and use electric power. Of course
the question is - how soon?
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