Almost fifty years ago, America's industrial cities-Detroit,
Philadelphia, Cleveland, Baltimore, and others-began shedding
people and jobs. Today they are littered with tens of thousands of
abandoned houses, shuttered factories, and vacant lots. With
population and housing losses continuing in the wake of the 2007
financial crisis, the future of neighborhoods in these places is
precarious. How we will rebuild shrinking cities and what urban
design vision will guide their future remain contentious and
unknown. In Design After Decline, Brent D. Ryan reveals the fraught
and intermittently successful efforts of architects, planners, and
city officials to rebuild shrinking cities following mid-century
urban renewal. With modern architecture in disrepute, federal funds
scarce, and architects and planners disengaged, politicians and
developers were left to pick up the pieces. In twin narratives,
Ryan describes how America's two largest shrinking cities, Detroit
and Philadelphia, faced the challenge of design after decline in
dramatically different ways. While Detroit allowed developers to
carve up the cityscape into suburban enclaves, Philadelphia brought
back 1960s-style land condemnation for benevolent social purposes.
Both Detroit and Philadelphia "succeeded" in rebuilding but at the
cost of innovative urban design and planning. Ryan proposes that
the unprecedented crisis facing these cities today requires a
revival of the visionary thinking found in the best modernist urban
design, tempered with the lessons gained from post-1960s community
planning. Depicting the ideal shrinking city as a shifting
patchwork of open and settled areas, Ryan concludes that accepting
the inevitable decline and abandonment of some neighborhoods, while
rebuilding others as new neighborhoods with innovative design and
planning, can reignite modernism's spirit of optimism and shape a
brighter future for shrinking cities and their residents.
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