Community development both a collective effort and an achievement driven by individual facilitators with the aim of lifting a community out of poverty. The sixth edition of Community Development: Breaking the cycle of poverty continues to be a definitive guide for community development workers, students and practitioners alike. The book contextualises poverty and explains the process of community development.

It pays attention to the development environment and explains concepts such as asset-based community development and the social enterprise sector. In addition to context and process, the book details the skills required by a community development worker to function in the field. It also explains how to empower the development worker to train others in order to build capacity in the community and work towards breaking the cycle of poverty.

This edition of Community Development: Breaking the cycle of poverty is strengthened by the inclusion of extensive support material. More practical case studies, specifically relevant to the South African environment, have been added and questions on the case studies are included in the book.

Global populations have grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to ever increasing demands for shelter, resources, energy and utilities. Coupled with the worldwide need to achieve lower impact buildings and conservation of resources, the need to achieve sustainability in urban environments has never been more acute. This book critically reviews the fundamental issues and applied science, engineering and technology that will enable all cities to achieve a greater level of metropolitan sustainability, and assist nations in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations.
Part one introduces key issues related to metropolitan sustainability, including the use of both urban metabolism and benefit cost analysis. Part two focuses on urban land use and the environmental impact of the built environment. The urban heat island effect, redevelopment of brownfield sites and urban agriculture are discussed in depth, before part three goes on to explore urban air pollution and emissions control. Urban water resources, reuse and management are explored in part four, followed by a study of urban energy supply and management in part five. Solar, wind and bioenergy, the role of waste-to-energy systems in the urban infrastructure, and smart energy for cities are investigated. Finally, part six considers sustainable urban development, transport and planning.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Metropolitan sustainability is an essential resource for low-impact building engineers, sustainability consultants and architects, town and city planners, local/municipal authorities, and national and non-governmental bodies, and provides a thorough overview for academics of all levels in this field.
Critically reviews the fundamental issues and applied science, engineering and technology that will enable all cities to achieve a greater level of metropolitan sustainabilityWill assist nations in meeting the needs of their growing urban populationsChapters discuss urban land use, the environmental impact of the build environment, the urban heat island effect, urban air pollution and emissions control, among other topics

Must the strip mall and the eight-lane highway define 21st century American life? That is a central question posed by critics of suburban and exurban living in America. Yet despite the ubiquity of the critique, it never sticks-Americans by the scores of millions have willingly moved into sprawling developments over the past few decades. Americans find many of the more substantial criticisms of sprawl easy to ignore because they often come across as snobbish in tone. Yet as Thad Williamson explains, sprawl does create real, measurable social problems. Williamson's work is unique in two important ways. First, while he highlights the deleterious effects of sprawl on civic life in America, he is also evenhanded. He does not dismiss the pastoral, homeowning ideal that is at the root of sprawl, and is sympathetic to the vast numbers of Americans who very clearly prefer it. Secondly, his critique is neither aesthetic nor moralistic in tone, but based on social science. Utilizing a landmark 30,000-person survey, he shows that sprawl fosters civic disengagement, diminishes social trust, accentuates inequality, and negatively impacts the environment. Sprawl, Justice, and Citizenship will not only be the most comprehensive work in print on the subject, it will be the first to offer a empirically rigorous critique of the most popular form of living in America today.

Based on fieldwork in Malaysia, this book provides a critical examination of the country's main urban region. The study first provides a theoretical reworking of geographies of modernity and details the emergence of a globally-oriented, 'high-tech' stage of national development. The Multimedia Super Corridor is framed in terms of a political vision of a 'fully developed' Malaysia before the author traces an imagined trajectory through surrounding landscapes in the late 1990s. As the first book length giving an academic analysis of the development of Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Area and the construction of the Multimedia Super Corridor, this work offers a situated, contextual account which will appeal to all those with research interests in Asian Urban Studies and Asian Sociology.

New institutions don't come into being by themselves: They have to be organized. On the basis of research from a decade-long, multi-site study of efforts to transform freshwater management in Brazil, Practical Authority asks how new institutional arrangements established by law become operational in practice. The book explores how this happens by putting both agency and structures in motion. It looks at what actors in complex policy environments actually do to get new institutions off the ground. New configurations of authority in a policy area very often have to be produced relationally, on the ground, in practice. New organizations have to acquire problem-solving capabilities and recognition from others, what the authors call "practical authority." The story told here has a multiplicity of protagonists, many of whom are normally invisible in political studies, such as the state officials and university professors who struggled to move water reform forward. The book explores the interaction between their efforts to influence the design and passage of new legislation and the hard labor of creating the new water management organizations the laws called for. It follows three decades of law making at the national and state level and examines the creation of sixteen river basin committees throughout the country. By bringing together state and society actors around territorially specific problems, these committees were expected to promote a new vision of integrated water management. But none of the ones examined here followed the trajectory their organizers expected. Some adapted creatively to challenges, circumventing roadblocks encountered along the way; others never got off the ground. Rather than explain these differences on the basis of the varying conditions actors faced, the authors propose a focus on the process, and practice, of institution building.

Using examples from architecture, film, literature, and the visual arts, this wide-ranging book examines the place and significance of New York City in the urban imaginary between 1890 and 1940. In particular, Imagining New York City considers how and why certain city spaces - such as the skyline, the sidewalk, the slum, and the subway - have come to emblematize key aspects of the modern urban condition. In so doing, the book also considers the ways in which cultural developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries set the stage for more recent responses to a variety of urban challenges facing the city, such as post-disaster recovery, the renewal of urban infrastructure, and the remaking of public space.

Pauline McHardy takes a methodical approach to her subject explaining Jamaican geography and urban development as well as the political and social factors that have influenced, and will influence, the country's planning regulations. She outlines the major acts that have shaped the evoltuion of the planning system in Jamaica since its independence from Britain, and considers their impact on both major urban and rural regions of the island. She draws on her educational background in geography and community and regional planning, as well as eighteen years experience of working with the Jamaican government in this area, to produce a book which meticulously defines the the developing role of town and regional planning in Jamaica.

Sustainable tourism should not be limited to environmental preservation; the sociocultural and economic sides should also be considered. There is a need for an integrated approach recognizing the resources, facilities, and infrastructures that are interrelated with the social, cultural, and natural environment. Community development becomes a reality only by merging the principles of sustainability with growth objectives. Even though investments in environmentally friendly infrastructure and related services are fundamental, there is a need to address gender inequalities, exploitation, and commercialization of culture. Further, there is a need to prioritize the link between tourism and poverty reduction. Inclusive Community Development Through Tourism and Hospitality Practices explores various viable strategies for the adoption of sustainable approaches that can eventually boost economic growth and poverty reduction all over the world. Covering topics such as international tourism, sustainable development, and tourism reinforcement, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for business leaders and managers, students and educators of higher education, community leaders, government officials, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Urban Transport and Land Use Planning: A Synthesis of Global Knowledge, Volume Nine in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series assesses practices and policies from around the world. Chapters in this updated release include TOD and travel behavior research: A bibliographical review, Mass transit investments and land use in Latin America: A review of recent developments and research findings, TODness and its impacts on TOD performance, Corridor and networked TODs: Concept and planning support tools, Rail-centered accessibility: Concept, policy, and practice, Smart growth and travel behavior: A synthesis, Advances in integrated land use transport modeling, and much more. Other sections cover Residential self-selection in the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior: a literature review and research agenda, Threshold and synergistic effects in land use-travel research, Parking requirements: How land use policy acts as transport policy, The shifting coalition for transportation/land-use policy reform, and Compact urban development in Norway: Spatial changes and underlying policies.

Around the world, blue-collar politics have become associated with resistance to the multicultural. While this may also be true in Edinburgh, Scotland, a closer look reveals the growth of liberal democratic ideals in the working-class population, which has a much different goal: How can this European city keep the entrepreneurial forces of globalization from commodifying what is distinctly theirs? In Tenement Nation, Christa Ballard Tooley explores the battle for a neighborhood called the Canongate in Edinburgh's Old Town. Tooley's insightful study of the working-class Canongate community as they negotiate gentrification plans offers a complex view of class and nation. The threat of the Canongate's redevelopment motivated many throughout Edinburgh to lend their support to the residents' campaign. Against such development projects, alliances formed between upper-class heritage supporters and working-class urban residents, all of whom turned to institutions such as the European Union and UNESCO for support in restricting commercial development. Tenement Nation explores these negotiations between socioeconomic classes and even nationalities to show what Tooley calls a "working-class cosmopolitanism" in pursuit of social, economic, and political inclusion.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart City Planning shows the reader practical applications of AIML techniques and describes recent advancements in this area in various sectors. Owing to the multidisciplinary nature, this book primarily focuses on the concepts of AIML and its methodologies such as evolutionary techniques, neural networks, machine learning, deep learning, block chain technology, big data analytics, and image processing in the context of smart cities. The text also discusses possible solutions to different challenges posed by smart cities by presenting cutting edge AIML techniques using different methodologies, as well as future directions for those same techniques.

Urban Climate Change and Heat Islands: Characterization, Impacts, and Mitigation serves as a go to reference for a foundational understanding of urban-climate drivers and impacts. Through the book's comprehensive chapters, the authors help readers identify problems associated with urban climate change, along with potential solutions. Global case studies are included and presented in a way in which they become globally relevant to any urban or intra-urban environment. The authors call on their extensive experience to present and explore methodologies and approaches to quantifying urban-heat mitigation measures in a clear manner, focusing on heat islands, urban overheating and effects on air quality.

Economic activity is embedded in specific surroundings, and ultimately, these conditions determine productivity and efficiency. However, the use of space in the formal models has been troublesome, but in practical activity, the territory is a crucial determinant when the agents make economic decisions. The interaction between economic activity, territory, and space has become a definitive bedrock in theories throughout the history of thought, such as location theory, urban economics, and new economic geography. Considerations of Territorial Planning, Space, and Economic Activity in the Global Economy analyzes the interaction between territory, economic activity, and human development, sharing interesting histories and deploying an extensive set of methodologies, places, and points of view. Covering key topics such as territorial planning, urban economics, and natural resources, this premier reference source is ideal for economists, policymakers, government officials, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.

The internet of things (IoT) revolution has given rise to smart cities and villages all over the world. With technology advancements such as cloud computing, fog computing, and software-defined networking, it is necessary to examine ways that these environments can implement innovation for cost-effective citizen services and e-governance. Also, as cyber-physical systems are becoming more vulnerable with IoT attacks threatening their security and privacy, there is an even greater need for solutions that offer protection for all of these advancing technologies. The Handbook of Research on Implementation and Deployment of IoT Projects in Smart Cities is an essential research publication that combines theory and practice, reflecting on advancing technologies for the automation, protection, and sustainability of urban environments. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as blockchain, smart grid, and sustainability, this book is ideal for researchers, academicians, scientists, engineers, programmers, IT consultants, professionals, and policymakers.

Collective Intelligence for Smart Cities begins with an overview of the fundamental issues and concepts of smart cities. Surveying the current state-of-the-art research in the field, the book delves deeply into key smart city developments such as health and well-being, transportation, safety, energy, environment and sustainability. In addition, the book focuses on the role of IoT cloud computing and big data, specifically in smart city development. Users will find a unique, overarching perspective that ties together these concepts based on collective intelligence, a concept for quantifying mass activity familiar to many social science and life science researchers. Sections explore how group decision-making emerges from the consensus of the collective, collaborative and competitive activities of many individuals, along with future perspectives.

The digital transformation of the 21st century has affected all facets of society and has been highly advantageous in many industries, including urban planning and regional development. The practices, strategies, and developments surrounding urban e-planning in particular have been constantly shifting and adapting to new innovations as they arrive. Trends and Innovations in Urban E-Planning provides an updated panorama of the main trends, challenges, and recent innovations in the field of e-planning through the critical perspectives of diverse experts. This book adds new and updated evidence on recent changes in this field and provides critical insights on these innovations. Covering topics such as citizen engagement, land property management, and spatial planning, this book is an essential resource for students and educators of higher education, researchers, urban planners, engineers, public officials, community groups, and academicians.

This book reviews the fundamentals of this local climatic phenomenon as a gateway to solving the challenging problems of rapid urbanization in the face of climate change. This work uses the dimensions and principles of urban planning and design, and landscape architecture in conjunction with the competence of environmental design to reduce the impact of this phenomenon. The book focuses on five SDGs to explain the problems that urban residents suffer because of high temperatures or the formation of heat islands. These selected SDGs are Goals 1, 3, 8, 11, and 13. Some of which can be limited to affecting the health status, productive capacity, social and economic well-being, and the feeling of distress and aggressive behavior. This book focuses on five SDGs: poverty (Goal 1), public health and well-being (Goal 3), decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable cities and societies (Goal 11), and climate action (Goal 13). These goals are associated with the increasing UHI phenomenon that accompanies rapid urbanization, which has changed the way of life of many countries worldwide. Thus, this book aims to reach sustainable cities and societies that do not suffer from poverty and disease due to climatic change and where decent work and social and economic well-being is achieved. The prime audience includes experts working in architecture, site planning and design, urban planning and design, landscape architecture, sustainable urban design, and environmental design. In addition, the book focuses on researchers, academics, practitioners, and urban governance, developers, and policymakers. Significantly, the target audience can get more insights into using new paradigms, methods, techniques, modelings, and research applications.

The core activities of urban agriculture are involved with producing, processing, marketing, distributing, and consuming food. Urban agriculture also provides services and outcomes through transforming neglected or damaged landscapes, lives, and livelihoods. This book focuses on the so-called 'ancillary benefits' of urban agriculture in terms of healing economies, connections, aesthetics, heritage, and sites and societies - in short, what might be referred to in an holistic sense as the emerging paradigm of 'agrourbanism'. More than seventy case studies from around the world are reviewed through the social-ecological lens of regenerative landscape design. Many of these cases have never before been discussed in the literature. Topics examined include entrepreneurship, gastro-tourism, food literacy, foodscaping, heritage, and social and societal wellbeing. The methodological approach undertaken is layered-narrative scholarship based on the phenomenology of experiencing landscapes, and is facilitated through a linked website containing photo-essays documenting the site visits. Robert L. France is a world-renowned scientist in the Faculty of Agriculture at Dalhousie University, where he teaches courses on urban agriculture, ecohydrology, watershed management, conservation biology, and environmental restoration. For more than a decade he taught and conducted research on landscape architecture, land-use planning, and urban design at the Harvard Design School. Dr. France is the author or editor of twenty-two books and more than two hundred journal articles on a wide range of environmental subjects, which together have been cited more than ten thousand times in the professional literature. In 2010, he organized the first international academic conference on urban agriculture in Canada, which led to the publication of the edited volume Integrated Urban Agriculture: Precedents, Practices, Prospects. His previous book with Wageningen Academic Publishers is about the pre-plastic environmental history of fishery bycatch: Disentangled: Ethnozoology and Environmental Explanation of the Gloucester Sea Serpent.

The rapid increase in urban population, land prices and land preservation, urban regeneration, as well as globalization and climate change have been forcing cities to build upward. High-rises can be part of a more sustainable solution if the construction and engineering challenges are addressed before construction starts. Smart technologies are being integrated in the digital environment to allow for better energy efficiency, safety and security, and to maximize the health and well-being of the occupants. Delivered by a team of world leading experts, this comprehensive edited book covers the state-of-the-art of advanced research, innovations, and future perspectives towards sustainable high-rise buildings. The book is structured in three parts from architecture to engineering and city planning including sustainable environmental systems, skybridges, curtain walling resiliency, tall timber buildings, sustainable structural engineering, core design and space efficiency. It also includes seismic design, mass-damping-based approaches, innovative bio-polymeric agro-based materials, high-rises versus sprawl, transit-oriented development, mobility and urban space networks, resilience thinking, and interdependence of tall buildings and the city. Architects, engineers, researchers, energy and facility managers, urban designers, project planners and developers, and smart building solutions experts as well as faculty members, postdocs, advanced students who are working in the fields of the built environment, building construction, system design, civil engineering, architecture, urban planning, smart cities, sustainability and resiliency and environmental engineering, and who are exploring sustainable building practices, will find this new advanced reference most useful and inspiring.

Focusing on different tools, platforms, and techniques, Blockchain and the Smart City: Infrastructure and Implementation uses case studies from around the world to examine blockchain deployment in diverse smart city applications. The book begins by examining the fundamental theories and concepts of blockchain. It looks at key smart cities' domains such as banking, insurance, healthcare, and supply chain management. It examines Using case studies for each domain, the book looks at payment mechanisms, fog/edge computing, green computing, and algorithms and consensus mechanisms for smart cities implementation. It looks at tools such as Hyperledger, Etherium, Corda, IBM Blockchain, Hydrachain, as well as policies and regulatory standards, applications, solutions, and methodologies. While exploring future blockchain ecosystems for smart and sustainable city life, the book concludes with the research challenges and opportunities academics, researchers, and companies in implementing blockchain applications.

Perspectives from worldwide experts on how major cities across the globe are responding to the major environmental threats of our time, including global climate change Over half of the world's population now lives in cities, and this share is expected to increase in the coming decades. With growing urbanization, cities and their residents face substantial environmental challenges such as higher temperatures, droughts, wildfires, and increased flooding. In response to these pressing challenges, some cities have begun to develop local environmental regulations that supplement national and environmental laws. In so doing, cities have stepped into a role that has been historically dominated by higher levels of government. Global Sustainable Cities takes stock of the policies that have been implemented by cities around the world in recent years in several key areas: water, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate adaptation. It examines the advantages-and potential drawbacks-of allowing cities to assume a significant role in environmental regulation, given the legal and political constraints in which cities operate. The contributors present a series of case studies of the actions that seven leading cities-Abu Dhabi, Beijing, Berlin, Delhi, London, New York, and Shanghai-are taking to improve their environments and adapt to climate change. The first volume of its kind, Global Sustainable Cities is a critical comparative assessment of the actions that major cities in the global North and South are taking to advance sustainability.