Between 1640 and 1660, England, Scotland, and Ireland faced civil
war, invasion, religious radicalism, parliamentary rule, and the
restoration of the monarchy. Carla Gardina Pestana offers a
sweeping history that systematically connects these cataclysmic
events and the development of the infant plantations from
Newfoundland to Surinam.
By 1660, the English Atlantic emerged as religiously polarized,
economically interconnected, socially exploitative, and
ideologically anxious about its liberties. War increased both the
proportion of unfree laborers and ethnic diversity in the
settlements. Neglected by London, the colonies quickly developed
trade networks, especially from seafaring New England, and entered
the slave trade. Barbadian planters in particular moved decisively
toward slavery as their premier labor system, leading the way
toward its adoption elsewhere. When by the 1650s the governing
authorities tried to impose their vision of an integrated empire,
the colonists claimed the rights of "freeborn English men," making
a bid for liberties that had enormous implications for the rise in
both involuntary servitude and slavery. Changes at home politicized
religion in the Atlantic world and introduced witchcraft
prosecutions.
Pestana presents a compelling case for rethinking our
assumptions about empire and colonialism and offers an invaluable
look at the creation of the English Atlantic world.
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