Each summer between 1790 and 1860, hundreds and eventually
thousands of southern men and women left the diseases and boredom
of their plantation homes and journeyed to the healthful and
entertaining Virginia Springs. While some came in search of a cure,
most traveled over the mountains to enjoy the fashionable society
and participate in an array of social activities.
At the springs, visitors, as well as their slaves, interacted
with one another and engaged in behavior quite different from the
picture presented by most historians. In the leisurely and
pleasure-filled environment of the springs, plantation society's
hierarchies became at once more relaxed and more contested; its
rituals and rules sometimes changed and reformed; and its gender
divisions often softened and blurred.
In Ladies and Gentlemen on Display, Charlene Boyer Lewis argues
that the Virginia Springs provided a theater of sorts, where
contests for power between men and women, fashionables and
evangelicals, blacks and whites, old and young, and even
northerners and southerners played out--away from the traditional
roles of the plantation. In their pursuit of health and pleasure,
white southerners created a truly regional community at the
springs. At this edge of the South, elite southern society shaped
itself, defining what it meant to be a "Southerner" and redefining
social roles and relations.
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