Spanning three centuries of Brooklyn history from the colonial
period to the present, "A Covenant with Color" exposes the
intricate relations of dominance and subordination that have long
characterized the relative social positions of white and black
Brooklynites. Craig Steven Wilder -- examining both quantitative
and qualitative evidence and utilizing cutting-edge literature on
race theory -- demonstrates how ideas of race were born, how they
evolved, and how they were carried forth into contemporary
society.
In charting the social history of one of the nation's oldest
urban locales, Wilder contends that power relations -- in all their
complexity -- are the starting point for understanding Brooklyn's
turbulent racial dynamics. He spells out the workings of power --
its manipulation of resources, whether in the form of unfree labor,
privileges of citizenship, better jobs, housing, government aid, or
access to skilled trades. Wilder deploys an extraordinary spectrum
of evidence to illustrate the mechanics of power that have kept
African American Brooklynites in subordinate positions: from
letters and diaries to family papers of Kings County's
slaveholders, from tax records to the public archives of the Home
Owners Loan Corporation.
Wilder illustrates his points through a variety of cases,
including banking interests, the rise of Kings County's colonial
elite, industrialization and slavery, race-based distribution of
federal money in jobs, and mortgage loans during and after the
Depression. He delves into the evolution of the Brooklyn ghetto,
tracing how housing segregation corralled African Americans in
Bedford-Stuyvesant. The book explores colonial enslavement, the
rise of Jim Crow, labor discrimination and union exclusion, and
educational inequality. Throughout, Wilder uses Brooklyn as a lens
through which to view larger issues of race and power on a national
level.
One of the few recent attempts to provide a comprehensive
history of race relations in an American city, "A Covenant with
Color" is a major contribution to urban history and the history of
race and class in America.
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