Biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, starch, pectin, chitin,
xylan, etc. are copiously available in nature in the form of plant
biomass. They have been used for various applications such as
biofuels, nanobiocomposites, biomedicine, etc. Biopolymers have
unique antimicrobial properties, and are thus used for food
packaging. The field of biomaterials is interdisciplinary and
includes chemistry, biology and medicine. There are different ways
to apply biopolymers for the benefit of our society. Although
natural polymers are cheap and available in large quantities, it is
still difficult to utilise their potentials. Still, there are
challenges to develop new methodologies for the efficient and
economic utilisation of these biopolymers. Consequently, the
modification of these materials is the focus of recent scientific
research. These modifications improve the various properties of
biopolymers required for specific applications. Modifications
improve heat, moisture resistance, solubility in water,
sustainability, flexibility, compatibility, biodegradability, etc.
Biopolymers modified by blending shows considerable improvement in
the impact resistance of brittle polymers. Biopolymer systems
containing particles with one or more dimensions in the nanometer
scale are called bionanocomposites, a special class of materials
possessing unique thermal stability, fire resistance, mechanical
and optical properties. Bionanocomposites have been effectively
used in controlled drug delivery, food packaging, etc.
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