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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Immunology
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Analyzing T Cell Responses - How to analyze cellular immune responses against tumor associated antigens (Hardcover, 2005 ed.)
Loot Price: R4,416
Discovery Miles 44 160
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Analyzing T Cell Responses - How to analyze cellular immune responses against tumor associated antigens (Hardcover, 2005 ed.)
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Active specific immunotherapy is a promising but investigational
modality in the management of cancer patients. Currently, several
different cancer vaccine formulations such as peptides, proteins,
antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, whole tumor cells, etc. in
combination with various adjuvants and carriers are being evaluated
in clinical trials (1-3). To determine the optimal cancer vaccine
strategy, a surrogate immunological end-point that correlates with
clinical outcome needs to be defined, since it would facilitate the
rapid comparison of these various formulations. Traditional
immunological assays such as ELISA, proliferation and cytotoxicity
assays can detect immune responses in vaccinated patients but are
not quantitative. In contrast, novel assays such as enzyme-linked
immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, intracellular cytokine assay and
tetramer assay can quantitate the frequency of antigen-specific T
cells. Of these, the ELISPOT assay has the 5 lowest detection limit
with 1/10 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and has been
determined to be one of the most useful assays to evaluate immune
response to cancer vaccines (4). However, the IFN-? ELISPOT assay
is not an exclusive measure of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)
activity as non-cytotoxic cells can also secrete IFN-?.
Additionally, CTL with lytic activity do not always secrete IFN-?
(5). A more relevant approach to assess functional activity of
cytotoxic lymphocytes would be to measure the secretion of
molecules that are associated with lytic activity. One of the major
mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity involves exocytosis of
cytoplasmic granules from the effector toward the target cell.
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