Analyzing T Cell Responses - How to analyze cellular immune responses against tumor associated antigens (Hardcover, 2005 ed.)

Active specific immunotherapy is a promising but investigational modality in the management of cancer patients. Currently, several different cancer vaccine formulations such as peptides, proteins, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, whole tumor cells, etc. in combination with various adjuvants and carriers are being evaluated in clinical trials (1-3). To determine the optimal cancer vaccine strategy, a surrogate immunological end-point that correlates with clinical outcome needs to be defined, since it would facilitate the rapid comparison of these various formulations. Traditional immunological assays such as ELISA, proliferation and cytotoxicity assays can detect immune responses in vaccinated patients but are not quantitative. In contrast, novel assays such as enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, intracellular cytokine assay and tetramer assay can quantitate the frequency of antigen-specific T cells. Of these, the ELISPOT assay has the 5 lowest detection limit with 1/10 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and has been determined to be one of the most useful assays to evaluate immune response to cancer vaccines (4). However, the IFN-? ELISPOT assay is not an exclusive measure of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity as non-cytotoxic cells can also secrete IFN-?. Additionally, CTL with lytic activity do not always secrete IFN-? (5). A more relevant approach to assess functional activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes would be to measure the secretion of molecules that are associated with lytic activity. One of the major mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity involves exocytosis of cytoplasmic granules from the effector toward the target cell.

General

Imprint:	Springer-Verlag New York
Country of origin:	United States
Release date:	September 2005
First published:	2005
Editors:	Dirk Nagorsen • Francesco M. Marincola
Dimensions:	232 x 156 x 27mm (L x W x T)
Format:	Hardcover
Pages:	314
Edition:	2005 ed.
ISBN-13:	978-1-4020-3622-4
Categories:	Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Immunology > General
LSN:	1-4020-3622-1
Barcode:	9781402036224

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