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The Baltimore Sabotage Cell - German Agents, American Traitors, and the U-boat Deutschland During World War I (Hardcover)
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The Baltimore Sabotage Cell - German Agents, American Traitors, and the U-boat Deutschland During World War I (Hardcover)
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By the summer of 1915, Germany was faced with two related, but
somewhat dissimilar problems; how to break the British blockade and
how to stop or seriously disrupt the British supply line across the
Atlantic. The solution to breaking the blockade was to find a way
over it, through it, or under it. Aircraft in those days were too
primitive, underpowered, and short range to accomplish the first
and Germany lacked the naval strength to force a passage through
the blockade. But if a fleet of cargo U-boats could be built that
were large enough to carry meaningful loads and had the range to
make a round trip between Germany and the United States without
having to refuel, the blockade might be successfully broken.
Responsibility for implementing this solution rested with a section
of German Navy Intelligence known as the Etappendienst. The Germans
also lacked the naval strength to effect the solution to the other
problem; cutting Britain's supply line to America. The German Navy
could not defeat the Royal Navy in a slug-fest and there were not
enough U-boats to effectively block Britain's cross-Atlantic sea
trade. The answer lay in sabotage--blowing up the munitions
factories, the depots, and the ships, and infecting the
remounts--horses and mules--with Anthrax and Glanders at the
western end of the supply line. Responsibility for carrying out
sabotage of all types in the United States rested with a newly
established subsection of the German Army Intelligence called the
Sektion Politik that sent trained saboteurs to the United States
beginning in 1915. German agents, together with American
sympathizers, carried out more than fifty successful attacks
involving fire and explosion before America's entry into the war on
6 April 1917, in addition to spreading Anthrax and Glanders on the
East Coast. Of the two solutions to those problems, sabotage was
incompatible with Germany's primary diplomatic goal to keep the
United States out of the war, while the other, breaking the
blockade with a fleet of cargo U-boats, provided the least danger
of bringing the United States into the war. The two solutions were
widely dissimilar, but the fact that the cargo U-boat project and
the sabotage campaign were run by intelligence agencies--the
Etappendienst (Navy) and the Geheimdienst (Army), through the
agency of one man--Paul Hilken, in one US city--Baltimore, make
them inseparable. Those separate solutions created the dichotomy
that produced the U-Boat Deutschland and the Baltimore Sabotage
Cell.
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