The growing dependence of working environments on complex
technology has created many challenges and lead to a large number
of accidents. Although the quality of organization and management
within the work environment plays an important role in these
accidents, the significance of individual human action (as a direct
cause and as a mitigating factor) is undeniable. This has created a
need for new, integrated approaches to accident analysis and risk
assessment.
This book detailing the use of CREAM is, therefore, both timely
and useful.
It presents an error taxonomy which integrates individual,
technological and organizational factors based on cognitive
engineering principles. In addition to the necessary theoretical
foundation, it provides a step-by-step description of how the
taxonomy can be applied to analyse as well as predict performance
using a context-dependent cognitive model.
CREAM can be used as a second-generation human reliability
analysis (HRA) approach in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA),
as a stand-alone method for accident analysis and as part of a
larger design method for interactive systems. In particular, the
use of CREAM will enable system designers and risk analysts
to:
identify tasks that require human cognition and therefore depend
on cognitive reliability
determine the conditions where cognitive reliability and ensuing
risk may be reduced
provide an appraisal of the consequences of human performance on
system safety which can be used in PSA.
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