In "Labors Appropriate to Their Sex" Elizabeth Quay Hutchison
addresses the plight of working women in early twentieth-century
Chile, when the growth of urban manufacturing was transforming the
contours of women's wage work and stimulating significant public
debate, new legislation, educational reform, and social movements
directed at women workers. Challenging earlier interpretations of
women's economic role in Chile's industrial growth, which took at
face value census figures showing a dramatic decline in women's
industrial work after 1907, Hutchison shows how the spread of
industrial sweatshops and changing definitions of employment in the
census combined to make female labor disappear from census records
at the same time that it was in fact burgeoning in urban areas.
In addition to population and industrial censuses, Hutchison
culls published and archival sources to illuminate such
misconceptions and to reveal how women's paid labor became a locus
of anxiety for a society confronting social problems--both real and
imagined--that were linked to industrialization and modernization.
The limited options of working women were viewed by politicians,
elite women, industrialists, and labor organizers as indicative of
a society in crisis, she claims, yet their struggles were also
viewed as the potential springboard for reform. "Labors Appropriate
to Their Sex" thus demonstrates how changing norms concerning
gender and work were central factors in conditioning the behavior
of both male and female workers, relations between capital and
labor, and political change and reform in Chile.
This study will be rewarding for those whose interests lie in
labor, gender, or Latin American studies; as well as for those
concerned with the histories of early feminism, working-class
women, and sexual discrimination in Latin America.
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