Constituting Freedom focuses on the question at the heart of
Machiavelli's thinking, that is 'in what mode a free state, if
there is one, can be maintained in corrupt cities; or, if there is
not, in what mode to order it?' The book analyses the different
solutions thought up by Machiavelli, starting from the hypothesis
of the 'civil principality', the definition of the republican '
civil and free way of life' and the examination of the history of
the Florentine institutions, to two short writings during the years
1520-1522, the Discursus florentinarum rerum and the Minuta di
provisione per la riforma dello Stato di Firenze, in which
Machiavelli explored publicly, for the first time, his projects to
bring back the republican freedom in Florence after the fall of the
first Republic of the City and the Medici's return. The book's main
argument is that Machiavelli was always a committed republican,
even when he worked for the Medici, and even though he believed
that the city's constitution needed to change after the fall of
Soderini. In the Discursus and in the Minuta Machiavelli proposed a
constitution in which the 'humours' were forced to mix themselves
with one another so as to be obliged to generate a new form of
'equality', which according to Machiavelli is the main
characteristic of a free, just, and stable republic. The aim was
not to obtain equilibrium among parts of the city leaving them
unaltered, but to mix them. Only in this way could Florence return
to being free.
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