The purpose of this little book is to provide a clear and 1
detailed discussion of the elements of glass-blowing. I Many
laboratories in this country, especially in the west, I are
locatecl a long way frorn any professional glass-blower, 1 and the
time and money spent in shipping broken apparatus several hundred
miles to be mended could often be saved if some of the laboratory
force could seal on a new stop-cock, replace a broken tube, or make
some temporary repairs. Many men in physical or chemical I
laboratories ha, ve occasiorr to modify some piece of apparatxs
designed perhaps for other uses, or to design new apparatus. To
such also, the ability to perform some of the operations herein
described may be very valuable. No originality is claimed for the
methods here tlescribed. They are those which the author has founct
most suitable and convenieilt in his own work, and most easily
learned by students. The aim has been to describe each operation in
such detail that a beginner can follow the process without help
and, with practice, attain satisfactory results. It is, however,
much easier to perform any of the operations described, after
seeing some one else perform it correctly since the temperature,
the exact time to begin blowing theglass, and many other little
details are very difficult to obtain from a description. It has not
been thought worth while to describe the process of making
stop-cocks, thermometers, vacuum tubes, etc., as such things can be
purchased more cheaply and of much better quality than any amateur
can make unless he is willing to spend a very large amount of time
. in practice. For similar reasons the manipulation of quartz glass
has been omitted. Lhc author will l.grateful for l11 suggest ioilh
ill 1 r1.i t - to tllc. clspcrichllcc.tl worlicr arcL tot so to t
lihgilio.. tlltt it is tlrc littlc tltbtails in t11cl ilililtio
-d1it41 oftc slx.11 slccos. or fillll.c ill glis, -lloilg.
I.TIIII.I.s ISL I l . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . 1 lTirict ios l11
1 defcclts of g11ss--Devitl.ificntion-1l1el- irlg l 5s -13lon-pil1e
I nil llovs-Ligh t--hr1ngcneri t f cs-is. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . kit t ilg, iclilg, olstritirlg 111l flangilg the tuhirlg-
lot llotis of rotit ion and blovirig. CI 4 lSst., II.I., ISS
I4,1lrx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Toir irg t n-o licics of
t ubilig of the salne ditnleter-The t tie t ulc -Joirlillg t s70 t
1 of s lifferent diameters- 1310vb7i11g luls. 1ty TSI.II-ISIS 16
.lr-.scru Ilsricrss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Sililg I
tube t llrough allot llcr t tibe The gas-washing tll, s.ictiorl
pulnp, and IZjeldnhl trap. Sforrr.xr., r SII.TIIOL AXD SPECLAL
OIIKXTIOSS . . . . . . 31 Cnpilliry t rlhing-Glass rod--3Iending
stopcocks- Closcil circuits of tubing-Slirnls-Ground joints-
Sciling in litinuln wire--Sealing tubes for het t ing under
pressure. vacuum tubes-Closecl One of the most important factors in
the success of any piece of glass-bloving is the glass employed. As
is well known, there are two general varieties of glass Lead glass
and soda glass. Formerly much apparatus was made of lead glass, but
at present it is very seldom met with, except in the little drops
of special glass used to seal platinum wires into the larger sizes
of tubes. Lead glass is softer and more readily fusible than soda
glass, but has the disagreeable property of growing black in a few
seconds unless worked in a strong oxidizing flame.This may be
prevented by using a hissing flame, with a large excess of air, and
working in the extreme end of the flame or the black lead formed
may thus be reoxidized, and the glass restored to its original
clearness...
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