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Farm Tenancy and the Census in Antebellum Georgia (Paperback)
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Farm Tenancy and the Census in Antebellum Georgia (Paperback)
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Historians of the nineteenth-century rural South have long
distinguished the antebellum agricultural system of plantations and
gang-style slave labor from the family tenancy system that is
thought to have developed only after the Civil War. In Farm Tenancy
and the Census in Antebellum Georgia, however, Frederick Bode and
Donald Ginter demonstrate a far greater consistency in economic
traditions than many historians have recognized. Through a detailed
critical interpretation of the 1860 federal census, Bode and Ginter
show that extensive family tenancy, and probably sharecropping,
were not the creations of Emancipation and Reconstruction, but
instead were widely present before the upheaval of the Civil War.
Bode and Ginter's analysis of the 1860 census reveals a complex
rural economy of plantation owners, slaves, and yeoman and tenant
farmers. Though census agents lacked a category for reporting
tenant farmers and therefore often devised their own methods for
recording land tenure, Bode and Ginter examine the agricultural and
population schedules to reveal coherent regional patterns of
tenancy. In older areas of greater cotton cultivation, tenant
farmers were relatively scarce; in areas of recently cleared land
within the cotton belt, and even more strikingly in the upcountry,
tenant farming was pervasive. Bode and Ginter's findings not only
demonstrate the presence of antebellum tenant farmers and
sharecroppers but also dispel the current conception of yeoman
farmers reduced to tenancy on their return from the battlefields of
the Civil War. They show, finally, how new regional patterns of
tenancy followed the demise of slavery. Probing the shifting
relations between races and social classes in the
nineteenth-century rural South, Farm Tenancy and the Census in
Antebellum Georgia revises the dominant scholarly view of the
region's social and economic history by carefully measuring the
true extent of the changes brought by the Civil War.
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