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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology > Psychoanalysis & psychoanalytical theory
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War Is Not Inevitable - On the Psychology of War and Aggression (Hardcover)
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War Is Not Inevitable - On the Psychology of War and Aggression (Hardcover)
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In 1932 Einstein asked Freud, 'Is there any way of delivering
mankind from the menace of war?' Freud answered that war is
inevitable because humans have an instinct to self-destroy, a death
instinct which we must externalize to survive. But nearly four
decades of study of aggression reveal that rather than being an
inborn drive, destructiveness is generated in us by experiences of
excessive psychic pain. In War is Not Inevitable: On the Psychology
of War and Aggression, Henri Parens argues that the death-instinct
based model of aggression can neither be proved nor disproved as
Freud's answer is untestable. By contrast, the 'multi-trends theory
of aggression' is provable and has greater heuristic value than
does a death-instinct based model of aggression. When we look for
causes for war we turn to history as well as national, ethnic,
territorial, and or political issues, among many others, but we
also tend to ignore the psychological factors that play a large
role. Parens discusses such psychological factors that seem to lead
large groups into conflict. Central among these are the
psychodynamics of large-group narcissism. Interactional conditions
stand out: hyper-narcissistic large-groups have, in history, caused
much narcissistic injury to those they believe they are superior
to. But this is commonly followed by the narcissistically injured
group's experiencing high level hostile destructiveness toward
their injury-perpetrator which, in time, will compel them to
revenge. Among groups that have been engaged in serial conflicts,
wars have followed from this psychodynamic narcissism-based
cyclicity. Parens details some of the psychodynamics that led from
World War I to World War II and their respective aftermath, and he
addresses how major factors that gave rise to these wars must, can,
and have been counteracted. In doing so, Parens considers
strategies by which civilization has and is constructively
preventing wars, as well as the need for further innovative efforts
to achieve that end.
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