Irrigated agriculture remains to be the main option to boost the
economy in Sudan in general. It can rise the living standard of the
majority of the population; particularly those who are attached to
farming and livestock. With the expected increase in population in
the next decades, water management of large irrigation systems will
become a key issue to increase productivity and assure future food
security. Sediment transport in irrigation canals makes water
management very complicated. This study focuses on water management
in Gezira Scheme, Sudan. This scheme is irrigated from the Blue
Nile River, which is characterized by a high sediment
concentration. The aim of the study was to reduce the impact of
fine sediment deposition in irrigation canals by improving the
operation and maintenance procedures. A numerical model has been
developed to simulate the cohesive sediment transport in irrigation
canals. This model is a useful tool for the operators and decision
makers to assess different options of operation in terms of
sediment transport. This study found that sediment deposition in
the canals can be minimized if the operation based on crop water
requirement is adjusted at a certain period during the flood
season.
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