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Books > Professional & Technical > Agriculture & farming > Agricultural engineering & machinery > Irrigation
This report analyses the adaptive capacity in agricultural water
management, adaptation in agriculture to water variability and
extreme events, (floods and droughts), mitigation, (water and
energy) and uncertainty about further climate change.
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on
soil health indicators. The first chapter describes indicators and
frameworks for soil health currently in use. It evaluates the
principles underpinning current approaches to monitoring soil
quality/health and shows these principles have been applied in the
development of a practical soil health toolkit for use by UK
farmers. The second chapter reviews the range of physical, chemical
and biological indicators of soil health and how they can be used
in practice. It focusses on measuring soil health in organic
vegetable cultivation and, in particular, ways of measuring the
effects of adding organic amendments to improve soil health. The
third chapter discusses key issues in soil organic carbon (SOM)
modelling and the development of increasingly sophisticated,
dynamic SOM models. It looks at the role of SOM models in improving
soil health monitoring and developing decision support tools for
farmers The final chapter reviews current challenges in collecting
more systematic and reliable data on earthworm communities,
including issues in identifying different earthworm groups. It
includes a case study on developing a robust method for accurate
measurement of earthworm communities in soil in assessing and
improving soil health.
A Tradition in Transition presents an in-depth assessment of the
century-old Wadi Laba indigenous spate irrigation system in
Eritrea. This system has relied on earthern and brushwood
structures and customary water rules to support subsistence
livelihoods of the Wadi Laba communities for many years. The book
presents original research, which analyzes the effectiveness of
contemporary water laws and a new headwork in improving production
and standard of living. It also compares the lack of success of
these new approaches with traditional methods of water management.
Volume 3 takes the subject of better land husbandry further. The
book first points out the sort of things which have been, and are
being used, but are failing to deliver what is required. It then
explains the causes of erosion, the theory and practice of soil and
water conservation, and practical and lasting ways to construct
terraces, including such details as how to build different kinds of
terrace walls. Nothing grows from the top down, as also with soil
improvement. It explains in detail the way of achieving practical
and sustainable soil and water conservation, practical ways in
which farmers can themselves make and use practical and lasting
ways to construct terraces, including such details as how to build
different kinds of terrace walls.
Egypt is a country of tremendous land resources but limited water
resources The area of cultivated land is only 3.2% of the gross
area. The river Nile is the main sources of water. In the recent
years the Governement established large-scale agricultural projects
in light of food security related to the population growth.
Expansion of irrigated agriculture has to be predomantly relalized
bt increasing the water use efficiency. In Egypt, the dominant
irrigation method is surface irrigation, which covers approximately
83% of the irrigated areas. Surface irrigation or gravity methods
are generally characterized by a low efficiency. One opportunity to
increase the efficiency is to convert surface irrigation to modern
irrigation systems, which are generaly highly expensive for a
country like Egypt. Another option to increase the efficiency of
surface irrigation systems is to convert the traditional irrigation
method based on continuous flow to surge flow irrigation. Surge
flow irrigation is the intermittent application of water to furrows
in a series of relatively short on and off time periods. This study
has been carried out to demonstrate the applicability of surge flow
irrigation for water saving under the short field conditions that
prevail in Egypt. The results indicate that surge flow irrigation
is an effective irrigation method to save water and to increase
crop production.
This book, first published in 1990 and reprinted here, is a
comprehensive, state-of-the art reference on the design principles
and management techniques of two primary agricultural irrigation
methods. The book presents a systematic approach to the optimal
design, management and operation of these two systems. Focusing on
the synthesis of the entire design process, the authors present the
chapters in the sequence used to design systems with the analytical
material presented and demonstrated in a concise manner. For the
first time in any book, Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation offers
complete design strategies and presentations for all of the major
types of sprinkle and trickle systems: - Periodic-move -
Center-pivot - Traveling sprinkler - Linear-moving - Set sprinkler
- Drip, spray and line-source Sequential sample calculations that
involve the steps in the design of typical irrigation systems are
used extensively. As the book progresses, these calculations become
more comprehensive and are linked together to form complete design
packages for the various types of pressurized systems. The book
also presents a section on selecting pressurized irrigation
systems, a review of soil-plant-water relationships, unique insight
into pipeline hydraulics and economics, design specifications for
fertilization and frost control, a glossary and an annotated
bibliography of ASAE Standards for Pressurized Irrigation Systems.
Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation is an important practical reference
for agricultural engineers, irrigation system designers and
agricultural managers, as well as a vital text for professors and
researchers in agricultural engineering. "Sprinkle and Trickle
Irrigation presents beginning-to-end coverage of the processes and
computations needed in the planning and design of sprinkle and
trickle irrigation systems. The textbook is created for the
thinking person who desires more than cookie-cutter recipes or
simple, routine "rule-of-thumb" designs. Rather, the authors of
Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation present concise rationale and
philosophy behind each computation formula, figure and table. They
decouple "recommended" design parameters into underlying components
that can be recoupled at the time of the design to apply to
specific cases and situations. In the process, the reader gains
visualization skills that allow him/her to peer "inside" an
irrigation system, both hydraulically, economically, and
operationally. Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation is a classic design
text and reference that should be on every practitioner's desk. The
chapters on center-pivot, linear-move and travelling sprinklers go
well beyond other current texts. Solid and encompassing economics
are infused into all design topics, including application,
distribution, and pumping systems. I have lectured out of Sprinkle
and Trickle Irrigation for twelve years at the university-senior
level. I am confident that all students who completed this design
course know not only how to design efficient and effective
pressurized irrigation systems, but also know why they use the
procedures that they use." Dr. Richard G. Allen, Professor,
University of Idaho
Contents: Preface. Acknowledgement. Managing Water Quality. Application tf the Root Zone Water Quality Model for Environment-Water Management In Agricultural Systems - L. R. Ahuja, L Ma, J. D. Hanson and R. S Kanwar. Assessing Atrazine In Irrigated Soil Profiles - A. S. Azevedo, R. S. Kanwar and L. S. Pereira. Influence of Sub-Surface Drainage On Herbicide Management In Low-Land Areas - D. Cruiciani, G. C. Baptista, P. J. Christoffoleti and K. Minami. Effects Of The Traditional and No-Tillage Systems Upon Runoff and Herbicide Transport - F. J. B. Teixeira and G. Basch. First Results on Controlled Drainage to Reduce Nitrate Losses From Agricultural Sites - M. Borin, G. Bonaiti and L. Giardini. Nitrate Movement in Level Basins: Reduced Versus Conventional Soil Tillage - D. V. Santos, P. L. Sousa and L. S. Pereira. Impact of Agricultural Developments on Water Contamination and Environmental Sustainability - R. S. Kanwar. Effect of Irrigation with Saline Water on Soil and Crop in South-West Spain - M. M. Ridao, F. Moreno, F. Cabrera, J. E. Fernandez, M. J. Palomo and E. Fernandez-Boy. Soil Hydraulic Parameters For Environmental and Leaching Studies - M. C. Gonçalves, R. M. Fernando and L. S. Pereira. Reducing Acid Pollution From Reclaimed Acid Sulphate Soils: Experiences from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam - T. P. Tuong, L. Q. Minh, D. V. Ni and M. E. F. Van Mensvoort. Control Of Furrow Erosion and Infiltration on a Mediterranean Soil Using Polyacrylamide - F. L. Santos, R. P. Serralheiro, F. S. Melhorado and M. R. Oliveira. Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Using the Drastic Method. Application to the Alqueva Area - J. P. Lobo-Ferreira and M. M. Oliveira. Managing the Effects Of Agricultural Practices on Groundwater Quality - M. C. Caputo, G. Passarella, M. Vurro and G. Giuliano. Managing Demand. Environmental Criteria in a Decision Support System for Surface Irrigation Design - J. M. Gonçalves, L. S. Pereira And P. L. Sousa. Surface Irrigation Efficiency in Cracking Soils as Influenced by Water Restrictions - A. Zairi, A. Slatni, J. C. Mailhol and H. Achour. Furrow Surge Irrigation as a Water Saving Technique - I. Varlev, Z. Popova and I. Gospodinov. Evaluation of Performance of Surface Irrigation Systems: Optimization of Infiltration and Roughness Parameters - M. J. Calejo, P. L. Sousa and L. S. Pereira. Real Time Management of Furrow Irrigation with a Cablegation System - S. Shahidian, R. P. Serralheiro and L. L. Silva. Predicting Runoff Under Sprinkler Irrigation Using Eurosem - B. Ghorbani. Performance Of Centre Pivot Systems In Field Practice - J. Montero, J. M. Tarjuelo, F. T. Honrubia, J. Ortiz, P. Carrión, J. A. De Juan And M. Calvo. Optimization Of Water Application For Sprinkler Irrigation - V. P. S. Paz, J. A. Frizzone, T. A. Botrel and M. V. Folegatti. New Non-Water Stressed Baselines for Irrigation Scheduling with Infrared Thermometers - I. Alves and L. S. Pereira. Crop Water Stress Index for Beans Obtained from Temperature Difference Between Canopy and Air - P. E. P. Albuquerque, R. L. Gomide and A. E. Klar. Real-Time Irrigation Scheduling Model for Cotton - Y. H. Li and B. Dong. Using Sap Flow Measurements to Quantify Water Consumption in the Olive Tree - M. J. Palomo, A. Díaz-Espejo, J. E. Fernández, I. F. Girón and F. Moreno. Water-Yield Function of Rice and Its Temporal and Spatial Variation - Z. Mao and Y. L. Cui. managing Supply in Irrigation Systems. Participatory Research on Technical Interventions to Improve Irrigation Performance: Informing Perceptions - B. A. Lankford and J. W. Gowing. Canal Inspectors Know-How in Water Management - R. Bustos, M. Marre, J. Chambouleyron and S. Salatino. Demand Management by Irrigation Delivery Scheduling - N. Hatcho. Performance Analysis of On-Demand Pressurized Irrigation Systems - N. Lamaddalena and L. S. Pereira. New Approaches To Design and Performance Analysis Of Low Pressure Distribution Systems - A. Douieb, R. Bounoua, L. S. Pereira, P. L. Sousa and N. Lamaddalena. Effective Monitoring Of Canal Irrigation With Minimum Or No Flow Measurement - B. A. Lankford. Canal Water Delivery System Automation. A Case Study - M. Rijov and V. Paulo. Waterproofing Mira, Campilhas, Senhora Do Porto Canals with Drained Geomembranes - J. L. Machado Do Vale, A. M. Scuero and G. L. Vaschetti. Minimum Level Of Water Demand For A Profitable Operation Of An Irrigation Scheme - I. Nicolaescu and E. Manole. Spatial Distribution Of Irrigation Water Requirements Using Geostatistical Analysis - V. Sousa and L. S. Pereira. Rice Production In Floodplains: Issues For Water Management In Bangladesh - J. J. F. Barr and J. W. Gowing. Users Governance Of Irrigation Water: On-Going Reforms and Potentials - Masahiro Nakashima. water Conservation and Hydrologic Behaviour. Reuse Of Return Flows And Local Runoff In Irrigation Systems - J. W. Gowing and P. S. Maheepala. Remote Sensing For Rainwater Harvesting In Mediterranean Agriculture - D. Prinz, T. Oweis and A. Oberle. A Model To Obtain The Hydrograph Of Surface Runoff In Terraced Areas - F. F. Pruski, J. M. A. Silva, L. N. Rodrigues And D. D. Silva. Dynamic Flood Control Along Arterial Drainage Networks, A Case Study - Y. Nedelec, D. Zimmer, C. Chaumont and M. D. Porcheron. River Meadow Programs -Planning In Partnership - H. Patt. Effects Of River Diking On The Water And Slat Regimes Of Flood Plain Soils - F. Statescu, A. Nicolau and V. Tobolcea. Influence Of Tillage System On Water Regime In Irrigated And Rainfed Sunflower Production - G. Basch, J. P. Mendes, M. J. G. P. R. Carvalho, F. Marques and M. J. Santos. Measurements Of Soil Hydraulic Properties In An Olive Orchard Under Drip Irrigation - F. Moreno, J. E. Fernandez, M. J. Palomo, I. F. Girón, J. M. Villau and A. Díaz-Espejo. Effect Of Mulching With Black Polyethylene Sheets On Sweet Pepper Evaporation Losses - G. Ghinassi And L. Neri. coping With Water Scarcity and Drought. Reduced Demand Irrigation Scheduling Under Constraint Of The Irrigation Method - R. M. Fernando, L. S. Pereira, Y. Liu, Y. N. Li And L. G. Cai. Water and Salt Management Strategies In The Aral Sea Basin - V. A. Dukhovny, And V. I. Sokolov. Drought Forecasting As An Aid To Irrigation Water Management - I. Pálfai, G. Y. Szilárd and L. M. Tóth. Characterizing Agricultural Droughts In Eastern Romania - C. Cismaru, I. Bartha, I. Cojocaru, N. Marcoie and V. Gabor. Modeling The Occurrence Of Dry Spells and Their Impact On Crop Yield - S. A. V. Sousa and J. A. Frizzone. Reconnaissance Optimal Sustainable Groundwater Pumping Strategies For The Lower Ghaggar Basin - A. Kumar, R. Shyam, N. K. Tyagi and R. C. Peralta. Irrigation, Sustainable Development and Law - M. Mathus Escorihuela. Comprehensive Criteria For Water Ecosystems Sustainability Assessment - V. I. Sokolov and V. A. Nikolayenko. Subject Index.
There is increasing competition for water resources in the face of
declining aquifer reserves and increasing risk in many areas of
drought related to climate change. At the same time poor water
management is damaging agriculture with problems such as
salinization, waterlogging, erosion and run-off. This volume
summarises the wealth of research on understanding and better
management of water resources for agriculture. Part 1 reviews
fundamental issues such as plant water use and soil water
retention. Part 2 discusses ways of mapping and monitoring
groundwater and surface water resources whilst Part 3 covers other
sources such as rain and floodwater, waste and brackish water. Part
4 surveys developments in irrigation techniques such as drip
irrigation and fertigation. The final sections in the book discuss
ways of using water resources more efficiently such as
site-specific and deficit irrigation techniques. With its
distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, this
wlll be a standard reference for agronomists, scientists involved
in water and irrigation science as well as government and
non-governmental organisations responsible for agriculture and
water resource management.
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current
and key research on improving water management in crop cultivation.
The first chapter focuses on site-specific variable rate irrigation
systems utilised across agriculture and examines site-specific data
acquisition and mining approaches, such as soil mapping and zone
delineation. The second chapter considers the main deficit
irrigation strategies used in agriculture to improve crop water
productivity. It also explores the status of site-specific
irrigation management and its role in minimizing agricultural water
use. The third chapter reviews progress in winter wheat water
management and water-use efficiency (WUE), drawing on long-term
field experiments in the U.S. southern Great Plains. It discusses
the key relationships between yield, evapotranspiration, WUE and
best management practices. The fourth chapter considers the key
techniques for improving rice water productivity through enhanced
irrigation practices aiming to reduce irrigation water use in rice
cultivation, such as the Alternate Wetting and Drying technique.
The final chapter examines the main irrigation methods used in
dryland sorghum production. It also reviews the relationship
between soil properties and irrigation management.
This collection features six peer-reviewed reviews on optimising
rootstock health. The first chapter considers recent advances in
irrigation techniques used in sustainable vegetable cultivation and
reviews the performance and efficiency of these systems. The second
chapter details the need to optimise precision in orchard
irrigation management, focussing on matching water supply to plant
demand as a means of achieving this. The third chapter assesses
irrigation management systems for tomato production and how these
can be optimised alongside nutrient management to ensure the
production of safe and nutritious tomatoes. The fourth chapter
summarises the common types of irrigation systems found in soilless
culture production, as well as the emergence of new systems,
including plant-based sensing and monitoring systems. The fifth
chapter highlights the need for more sustainable water use in
ornamental production systems and the methods which can be used to
achieve this, such as reducing runoff volume. The final chapter
considers recent advances in irrigation management in greenhouse
cultivation, focussing on water balance, crop evapotranspiration
techniques and irrigation scheduling.
This textbook provides a comprehensive treatment of irrigation
engineering for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It
does not require a background in calculus, hydrology, or
hydraulics, offering a one-stop overview of the entire field of
study. It includes everything a student of irrigation engineering
needs to know: concepts of climate, soils, crops, water quality,
hydrology, and hydraulics, as well as their application to design
and environmental management. To demonstrate the practical
applications of the theories discussed, there are over 300 worked
examples and end-of chapter exercises. The exercises allow readers
to solve real-world problems and apply the information they've
learned to a diverse range of scenarios. To further prepare
students for their future careers, each chapter includes many
illustrative diagrams and tables containing data to help design
irrigation systems. For instructors' use when planning and
teaching, a solutions manual can be found online alongside a suite
of PowerPoint lecture slides.
The global expansion of irrigated lands during the 20th century and
beyond continues to contribute to food production, but also
degrades the environment significantly. The consequent search for
policy remedies has stimulated a vital body of economic research.
The issues addressed in this comprehensive collection of previously
published articles include the effects of existing government
intervention on the environmental impacts of agriculture, the
economic costs and benefits of environmental regulations for
agriculture, and the economic and environmental merits of
alternative mechanisms for water allocation and water quality
protection. In this volume the editors present a sampling of
economic research on the interface of irrigated agriculture with
the environment. The articles included are by leading researchers
in this field and span the topics of nonpoint pollution control,
salinity management, and the allocation of water.
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